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EDUCATION OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE TO FACILITATE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CRISIS.
Get PDFBackground: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy that affects millions throughout the world. It leads to poor quality of life and increased mortality in children and young adults. In Vidarbha, SCD is common and it is pathetic to see children in morbid state dying due to some of the other crises. Parents must be educated about the nature of the disease, earliest signs of crises, and seek help, treat all febrile illnesses promptly. We contemplated that the key to success in the management of such children is parental education and this prompted us to undertake the present study.
Methodology:
Study Design: Interventional study.
Settings: Pediatric SCD clinic.
Study Duration: 1year Data Collection: Parent’s pre-existing knowledge and awareness about sickle cell disease were assessed with the help of questionnaires and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). They were then educated with the help of an educational module comprising of pamphlets in Marathi, pictures, immunization protocols, and also trained in clinical examination of their child to detect pallor, fever, jaundice, respiratory distress, and splenic enlargement. After intervention post-test and OSCE were conducted again.
Results: The pre-existing knowledge about inheritance, signs, and symptoms of sickle cell anemia was high, but parents showed a lack of skills of assessment of crises. These skills improved significantly after intervention. There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference between average pre-test and post-test scores of each skill tested. Conclusion: Modular teaching using OSCE helps in improving the skills of parents for early detection of sickle cell crises
CONJOINED TWINS PRESENTING AS HAND PROLAPSE IN A RURAL HOSPITAL: A CASE REPORT
Get PDFConjoined twin pregnancies are so rare and maybe ones in a lifetime experience. Therefore there is so much to learn from each case. We present a case of male thoraco-omphalopagus conjoins twin, Nigerian that presented as a case of hand prolapsed diagnosed only after cesarean section. Both twins were stillborn. Conjoined twin pregnancy is a rare occurrence and may poise some obstetric challenges. Since many congenital defects can now be detected before birth, this place high importance in antenatal care and prenatal diagnosis as to determine the mode of delivery and early termination of pregnancy when the anomaly is not compatible with life
THE ROLE OF TC-CONE BEAM 3D IN DIAGNOSIS OF MUCOUS RECIRCULATION SYNDROME: CASE REPORT.
Get PDFThe Mucous Recirculation Syndrome is a possible cause of chronic rhinosinusitis. It is a condition of the abnormal circuits of mucous that comes out of a paranasal sinus through the natural ostium but that will enter again into the sinus cavity through an accessory ostium. The Mucous Recirculation Syndrome is usually diagnosed through nasal endoscopy. We described a case in which endoscopic evaluation was not enough for diagnosis because of the particular shape of the nasal septum which prevented exploration from the middle meatus. CT 3D cone beam (CBCT), conversely, gives a comprehensive vision of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity allowing us to achieve a diagnosis. It is the first case in the literature that describes the use of CBCT in the study of the lateral nasal wall
OBTURATING A PRESSURE DRAINING DEFECT OF HARD PALATE
Get PDFSkeletal defects of the oral cavity are commonly associated with deficient development and are commonly encountered as clefts in dental practice. The level of abnormality in such events may order from mild to extreme and with progress in dental surgery and Prosthodontics are successfully corrected/ rehabilitated presently. However, there are rare occurrences where the defect is so mild that it affects a minuscule of a particular function, thereby resulting in neglect by the patient. This article describes one such case of a cleft palate was due to its miniature size affected the power of sucking by the patient. Successful closure of such defects with obturator prosthesis has also been described
MIXED PHENOTYPE ACUTE LEUKEMIA OF T/MYELOID TYPE WITH RARE MULTIPLE CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITY OF CHROMOSOME 8, 9, 11, 12, 16 AND MARKER CHROMOSOME AND DUAL BLAST POPULATION: A RARE CASE
Get PDFMixed phenotypic acute leukemia (MPAL) represents a very rare and heterogeneous group of acute leukemias comprising 2-5 % of all leukemias. Although WHO 2008 laid down stringent criteria for diagnosis these still pose a diagnostic challenge as It encompasses leukemias having separate populations of blasts of more than one lineage or a single population of blasts which co-express antigens of more than one lineage. Cytogenetics plays a major role not only in diagnosis but also determines the therapy and prognosis. We present a case of far unreported karyotype aberration in this type of acute leukemia 45, XY, -8, del (9)(p21),-11,add(12)(p13),add (16)(p13.3),+mar[20]with therapy-resistant course
A PERSPECTIVE TOWARDS VACCINATION AGAINST ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Get PDFAtherosclerosis is a disease of the blood vessels characterized by plaque buildup in the arteries. Immunization is the process by which an individual\u27s immune system becomes fortified against an agent. Atherosclerosis is similar to inflammatory/ autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Data from the previous studies suggest that these diseases may be treated by vaccination. It has been reported that by using monoclonal antibodies against specific antigens, passive immunization confers athero-protective effects. Atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDL receptor (-/-) (LDLR (-/-)) mice was significantly reduced by monoclonal IgG preparations reactive to cardiolipin or LDL. It was recently shown that atherosclerosis in animal models was reduced by a recombinant human IgG antibody against an MDA-modified about-100 derived peptide antigen. It is believed that oxidized LDL which causes intimal inflammation and foam cell formation has a key role in atherosclerosis. Neoepitopes are the antigenic sequences that are normally absent or concealed but which become available after the oxidation of LDL. Observations from several studies have shown that immunization changes favorably the composition of established plaques, indicated by decreased plaque inflammation and increased collagen content. Immunization against many infectious diseases completely prevents the development of the disease; however, it will not completely prevent the development of atherosclerosis. The studies performed so far have suggested that immunization may reduce the development of atherosclerosis by 50-60%. However, many questions need to be answered such as vaccine stability, safety, the durability of effects, efficacy endpoints, etc
FRACTURES FOLLOWING MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR REMOVAL - A CRITICAL REVIEW
Get PDFMandibular third molar surgery is the most common surgery performed in the dental office. Mandibular third molar removal pertains to a number of complications that may be encountered intraoperatively or postoperatively. Fractures of the mandible at angle region are the most common complications following mandibular third molar surgery. Various surgeons have different views regarding such complications. The purpose of this article is to discuss the various causes and patterns of fracture occurring along with the ratio of such incidence
EVALUATING THE POTENTIAL CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF CONE BEAM COMPUTERISED TOMOGRAPHY IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY: A REVIEW
Get PDFWhile oral and maxillofacial surgeons have successfully practiced using panoramic radiography, the limitations of this imaging technique include variable magnification, distortion, superimposition of structures, and suboptimal imaging of structures not located in the focal trough. The introduction of Cone Beam Technology has dramatically changed how an oral and maxillofacial surgeon conducts his/her practice. This article is intended to discuss the potential clinical applications of Cone-beam computerized tomography as compared to conventional radiography and conventional computed tomography, in the field of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, as reported in the literature
ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS – A PROSPECTIVE QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY
Get PDFBackground: Head and neck cancers are commonly encountered in malignant tumors in dental practice. Patients attending the clinics for the treatment of these conditions have their own expectations towards their illness. Aim: To assess the patient’s perspectives on quality of life (QoL) in head and neck cancers.
Material and methods: 276 patients were included for the study and well-structured consumer quality of life (CQoL) questionnaire was designed and inputs from the patients were recorded and transferred to the database for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22. Descriptive statistics paired t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation was done to compare the association between the subgroups. (P<0.05).
Results: A total of 278 subjects were included for the study of which 191 male and 87 female. The mean age of diagnosis in males is 47.3 +/- 11.1 years. And in females are 50.6 +/- 13.9 years. The most preferred language for answering was Gujarati (187 67.2%), followed by Hindi (91, 32.8%) and English (0,0). the critical issues found in the questionnaire were 1) when questioned about the pain 153 (55%)subjects had pain and pain are negligible in 86 (30.9%) subjects. 2) appetite levels – good appetite 163 (58.6%), diminished in 72 (25.8%). 3) depression about having cancer – 114 (41%) stated yes and 37 (13%) were normal. 4) family relationship – 199 reported that their family relationship was not disturbed and on the contrary, 54 subjects were neglected by them.
Conclusion: It is important to identify factors that are predictors of a poor physical and psychological outcome after treatment for head and neck cancer because rehabilitation programs could then be optimized on an individual basis and health-care workers could focus better on restoring function and assisting patients to achieve an acceptable QOL
LIGHT AND SCANNING MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON THE TRACHEOBRONCHIAL EPITHELIUM OF THE ONE-HUMPED CAMEL (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)
Get PDFThis study aims to elucidate the light and ultrastructure morphology of the epithelial lining of the tracheobronchial tree of the camel. Using both light and scanning electron microscope. The basic histology of the air-conducting portions of the camel\u27s respiratory tract was similar to that of other mam¬malian species. The surface morphology of the trachea, extra- and intrapulmonary bronchi was the same. They were lined by respiratory epithelium. The tracheal epithelium exhibited some features along its course. There was a general craniocaudal decrease in the numbers of goblet cells along the trachea and bronchi. In parallel with this, the number of subepithelial glands was also decreased with decreasing airway caliber. Histochemically, the goblet cells were described to be predominantly acidic in character as they revealed strong alcianophilia. Neutral mucosubstances were rarely observed in these cells. The subepithelial adenomeres produced pre¬dominantly mixed mucosubstances. Intrapulmonary bronchi were formed of pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells. The ciliated and basal cells were the most numerous cell types. As the caliber of the airway diminished, the columnar cells became shorter with sparse goblet cells. The brush cells were seen more often in the proximal bronchi. With a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), the mucosa of the bronchi had regular longitudinal folds with transverse furrows in-between. The majority of the cells appeared as ciliated columnar carrying abundant long cilia. Goblet cells were seen bulging into the lumen, each with a dome-shaped apical end. All bronchioles had the same basic structure. The mucosawasformed mainly of columnar ciliated cells. The cilia were found to decrease in length, thickness, and number distally. Both the basal and the goblet cells were also scarce or absent in the bronchiolar epithelium. The brush cells were rarely found between the bronchiolar epithelium. Clara cells were more frequently encountered in the lining of the bronchiolar tree. With SEM, the bronchioles were easily identified since they had a wall uninterrupted by alveoli. The mucosa showed a scalloped appear¬ance. The epithelium of large bronchioles was usually ciliated low columnar with few non-ciliated Clara cells. In smaller bronchioles, the ciliated cells were arranged in small patches between the non-ciliated cells. The ter¬minal bronchioles were lined by both cuboidal ciliated and Clara cells. With SEM, the ciliated cells predominated in their proximal portions. More distally, the ciliated cells were replaced by the Clara cells. They were characterized by their dome-shaped apical protrusions. The initial portions of respiratory bronchiole showed reduced ciliated and Clara cells. Towards the alveolar ducts, the lining cells were replaced by flat epithelium and the Clara cells disappeared