Medico Research Chronicles
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UNUSUAL LUNG INVOLVEMENT WITH ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS ACCOMPANIED BY MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Get PDFHydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus and tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Both are infectious diseases with worldwide extension that are endemic in particular areas. Some cases of these diseases have been identified in Iran. The most commonly affected organs in hydatid disease are liver and lungs. Typically, in the case of tuberculosis lungs are infected, but other organs may be infected as well. The present case study reports a male patient co-infected with Echinococcus granulosus and tuberculosis while his chest X-ray appearance was unusual and serologic test was negative. Despite the fact that hydatid disease and tuberculosis are not rare diseases in specific epidemiologic settings, we found a small number of cases reported related to lung involvement with both of them. This report intends to emphasize the epidemiologic factors, even with unusual lung presentations, that should be taken into account in differential diagnosis of hydatid disease
TYPE 2 DIABETES WITH RECURRENT OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES, OR CUSHING’S SYNDROME?
Get PDFAim: Presentation of a case with secondary osteoporosis and compressive fracture in Cushing’s syndrome.
Clinical Case: A 41 years old male was admitted to our hospital with inability to move the legs, severe back pain, which started 6 months ago. The patient was bedridden for a month due to severe pain. He was under treatment for hepatitis B and had been for more than three years under treatment for diabetes. One year ago he was treated for deep venous thrombosis.
Laboratory data: Loss of circadian rhythm of cortisol, increased free urinary cortisol level, lack of suppression of cortisol after 1 mg dexamethasone test. DXA: Osteoporosis. Spine x-Ray: recurrent osteoporotic compressive thoracic fracture. Abdominal MRI showed left adrenal nodular mass with dimensions 2.5 x 3.3 cm. The patient underwent surgery: Left adrenalectomy. 12 months after surgery the patient continuing the treatment with hydrocortisone, alendronate,calcium and vitamin D, normal values of blood glucose and blood pressure without treatment and in DXA an improvement of the bone density was noticed
VISUAL OUTCOMES IN CATARACT SURGERY
Get PDFObjective: Analysis of visual outcome in various methods of cataract surgery as per WHO guidelines at a tertiary care centre Design: A Hospital based study on 824 eyes of 824 patients with senile cataract without comorbid ocular or systemic conditions who gave consent.
Materials: Manual SICS with sclerocorneal incision, Manual SICS with Clear Corneal Incision and Phacoemulsification were performed by multiple Ophthalmic Surgeons. Patients were followed up on Days 1, 7, 15 and Months 1, 3, 6 and 12.
Results: Manual small incision cataract surgery with clear corneal tunnel was performed in majority of cases. Out of 824 patients, 781 came for 8 week follow up after surgery. Out of 781 cases, good visual outcome seen in 86.43% patients which meet WHO guidelines. Intraoperative complications (8.25%) were the major cause affecting visual outcome. Intraoperative complications occurred in total 77 (9.8%) patients which short falls of the maximum limit of 10% as per WHO guidelines. Posterior Capsule Rent 30 patient (3.64%) is most common intraoperative complication followed by PC rent with vitreous loss 26 (3.32%). Rate of both complications is well below the maximum limit of 5% as per guidelines given by WHO.
Conclusion: Visual outcome of cataract surgery at our tertiary care hospital fairly meets the WHO guidelines. Intraoperative complications and retained lens material are important causes of low visual outcome at our hospital. This study shows that scope of improvement at our hospital lies in reducing intraoperative & postoperative complications and their management 
AN EVALUATION OF THE PREVALANCE OF CORACO CLAVICULAR JOINT IN HUMANS BY OSTEOLOGICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN DELHI AND NCR REGION
Get PDFIntroduction: The human pectoral girdle has been found to have rarely an anomalous plain synovial joint called Coraco clavicular joint; besides three conventional anatomical articulations. It is a rare articulation between conoid tubercle of clavicle and superior surface of the horizontal part of the coracoid process of the scapula.
Aim: The aim of our study is to find the prevalence of entity ‘the coraco clavicular joint’ in Delhi and NCR region to understand the pathogenesis and correlate our findings with various conditions of unknown etiology like arm & shoulder joint pain, features of brachial plexus compression, thoracic outlet syndrome and painful restricted arm movements, thereby providing appropriate medical and surgical treatment.
Material and Method: The study was conducted on dried human clavicles (150 in number) and radio graphs of chest and shoulder joint (AP view) /CT Scan Chest of adult humans (300 in numbers) for evidences of presence of coraco clavicular joints.
Results: 16% of the dried clavicles and 14.6% of radiographs/ CT Scan Chest showed evidence of the presence of coraco clavicular joint.
Discussion & Conclusion: The presence of coraco clavicular articulation was detected in early 1861. Various factors leading to the Ccj formation include occupational stresses, old age changes, genetic factors, congenital presence of the joint and primary pathological changes in coracoid process of scapula and conoid tubercle of clavicle. Most of the times, Ccj is asymptomatic, being diagnosed incidentally or it may be symptomatic presenting in various forms. Hence Ccj entity finds an important place in differential diagnosis of arm pain and associated conditions
BIOFILM PRODUCTION AMONG BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM CLARIAS GARIEPINUS
Get PDFIsolation and characterization of bacteria was carried out on three organs (skin, gut and gills) of cultivated African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). A total of sixty six bacteria were isolated; 63 (95.5%) were Gram negatives and 3 (4.5%) were Gram positives. Total average bacterial count recorded gut at 7.1 x 105 cfu/ml; gills at 6.3 x 105 cfu/ml; and skin at 1.3 x 105 cfu/ml. Escherichia coli had the highest occurrence at 17 (26%), followed by Klebsiella oxytoca at 10 (15%) of all isolates. Forty nine (73.1%) of all isolates were positive for biofilm production on CRA, while 36 (54.5%) were haemolytic on blood agar. Biofilm and haemolysin production are known pathogenic factors of bacteria in man and animals, hence, a need for very good hygiene level in cultivation and consumption of fish and its products
SUSPICIUOS BUT SUDDEN CARDIOVASCULAR DEATHS
Get PDFAim: To determine the causes of sudden deaths while asleep and in motion (activity).
Materials & Method: Two cases of middle aged male Negroid adults were autopsied and analyzed in the department of anatomic pathology for the cause of sudden death at rest and in activity-while eating.
Results: They were both found to be class 1(one) and 3(three) obsessed with estimated BMI’s of 43.5kg/m2 and 50.6kg/m2 respectively. The major features were on the cardiovascular as both had a massive cardiomegaly of 900 gm/500gms respectively. ( Normal for normal adult male of 75kg weight:300-350gms). This feature was compromised with other lesions like florid arteriomatous plaques.
Conclusion: We found to our opinion that both died of hypertensive cardiovascular diseases following long standing hypertension though with good management but lack of compliance on the patients side
COMPARING THE SPIRITUAL CARE VIEW POINT OF NURSES AND FAMILIES OF KIDS ADMITTED TO PEDIATRIC HOSPITALS IN KERMANSHAH
Get PDFIntroduction: spiritual care, to create a sensation of wellbeing and calming the patient and his family, is essential for nurses to understanding of spirituality; it can be efficient in the handling of their interaction with patients and families. The present work aimed to compare spiritual care from the perspective of nurses and families of pediatric patients in the hospitals of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2014-15.
Methods: This field is a comparative study, and purposive sampling methods are usable. The study population included 216 (86 nurses and 130 families of hospitalized children) Hospital in Kermanshah were selected. The two-part questionnaire, which includes demographic information and view pastoral care. The content validity and test-retest reliability measured. Data analysis using SPSS 22 statistical software, independent t-tests, ANOVA, Tukey and Pearsoncorrelation test performed.
Results: The main view of pastoral care for nurses and families of hospitalized children by 87/48 and 92/35 respectively. There was no substantial divergence between the two groups (P<0/000) and average view of pastoral care in the families of the nurses was higher (P<0/000).
Conclusion: These results indicated that the views of families of hospitalized children were higher than nurses in public health advice to its significant role in the central importance of pastoral concern. That nurses provide pastoral care in the clinical performance. Consequently, planning and execution of training policies pastoral care staff, should be part of the educational goals
INTERACTION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS WITH ALCOHOL IN CASES OF DEPRESSION
Get PDFEvidence suggests that alcohol affects brain function by interacting with multiple neurotransmitter systems, thereby disrupting the delicate balance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters6. It\u27s often said that depression results from a chemical imbalance, but that figure of speech doesn\u27t capture how complex the disease is. Research suggests that depression doesn\u27t spring from simply having too much or too little of certain brain chemicals. Rather, depression has many possible causes, including faulty mood regulation by the brain, genetic vulnerability, stressful life events, medications, and medical problems. Short-term alcohol exposure tilts this balance in favor of inhibitory influences. After long-term alcohol exposure, however, the brain attempts to compensate by tilting the balance back toward equilibrium7. These neurological changes occur as the development of tolerance to alcohol’s effects. When alcohol consumption is abruptly discontinued or reduced, these compensatory changes are no longer opposed by the presence of alcohol, thereby leading to the excitation of neurotransmitter systems and the development of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Long term alcohol intake also induces changes in many neurotransmitter systems that ultimately lead to the development of craving and alcohol-seeking behavior. It\u27s believed that several of these forces interact to bring on depression9. To be sure, chemicals are involved in this process, but it is not a simple matter of one chemical being too low and another too high. Rather, many chemicals are involved, working both inside and outside nerve cells. There are millions, even billions, of chemical reactions that make up the dynamic system that is responsible for your mood, perceptions, and how you experience life. With this level of complexity, you can see how two people might have similar symptoms of depression, but the problem on the inside, and therefore what treatments will work best, may be entirely different. Researchers have learned much about the biology of depression7. They\u27ve identified genes that make individuals more vulnerable to low moods and influence how an individual responds to drug therapy. One day, these discoveriesDownloaded from www.medrech.com “Interaction of neurotransmitters with alcohol in cases of depression†Batta A., Med. Res. Chron., 2016, 4 (3), 300-308 Medico Research Chronicles, 2016 301 should lead to better, more individualized treatment (see "From the lab to your medicine cabinet"), but that is likely to be years away8. And while researchers know more now than ever before about how the brain regulates mood, their understanding of the biology of depression is far from complete. What follows is an overview of the current understanding of the major factors believed to play a role in depression8. Serotonin is an important brain chemical that acts as a neurotransmitter to communicate information among nerve cells. Serotonin’s actions have been linked to alcohol’s effects on the brain and to alcohol abuse. Alcoholics and experimental animals that consume large quantities of alcohol show evidence of differences in brain serotonin levels compared with nonalcoholic7. Both short- and long-term alcohol exposures also affect the serotonin receptors that convert the chemical signal produced by serotonin into functional changes in the signal-receiving cell6. Drugs that act on these receptors alter alcohol consumption in both humans and animals. Serotonin, along with other neurotransmitters, also may contribute to alcohol’s intoxicating and rewarding effects, and abnormalities in the brain’s serotonin system appear to play an important role in the brain processes underlying alcohol abuse
A RARE CASE OF ANTERIOR VAGINAL WALL LEIOMYOMA – CASE REPORT
Get PDFLeiomyomas are common benign neoplasm derived from smooth muscle cells, most commonly they occur in uterus and cervix, followed by round ligament, uterosacral ligament, ovary, inguinal canal but rare in the vagina. Here we report a case of vaginal leiomyoma in a 27-yearold female who presented with a mass in vagina and dyspareunia
EFFECTIVENESS OF MODULAR TEACHING IN TRAINING MEDICAL OFFICERS ON DOTS PLUS IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT
Get PDFResearch question: Whether modular teaching can serve as an effective method to train medical officers in DOTS Plus.
Methods: Cross sectional study was undertaken among 31 medical officers in Cuddalore district. Modular method of teaching was used to train medical officers on DOTS Plus by experts trained in Management of MDR Tuberculosis. Pretest and post test was conducted to evaluate their performance and in addition feedback was elicited.
Results: The overall performance was encouraging as there was significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores and percentages (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion: Modular teaching was sucessfully used to train medical officers in DOTS Plus in Cuddalore distric