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COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF REFLEXOLOGIC MASSAGE WITH STROKE MASSAGE ON ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Get PDFBackground: Today, the use of complementary medicine alongside other treatments for relaxation and balancing Hemodynamic of cardiac patients is emphasized. So this study was to compare the effects of reflexologic massage and strokes massage on anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Methods: This clinical trial was done on105 patients who were randomly selected purposively on three groups, stroke massage, reflexology massage group and control group. In the intervention groups each patient massaged in the morning and evening for 15 minutes a day, each time. In the control group other than routine care and measure of anxiety we do not massage them. In the intervention group before the massage anxiety in morning and evening Twenty minutes after the Massage, measured by Spiel Berger Anxiety questionnaire.
Findings: In intervention group between reflexology and stroke the anxiety was reduced with (P<0.005). Stroke massage reduces anxiety more than reflexive massage. In control group there are no significant differences in anxiety in morning and evening.
Conclusion: According to the results, strokes massage more effective than reflexology massage in reducing anxiety. So use it to reduce the anxiety of the patients in critical care wards recommended
ASSESSMENT OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN CELLULAR PHONES OF DENTAL PROFESSIONALS WORKING IN A DENTAL INSTITUTION IN BELGAUM CITY – A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFIntroduction: Today mobile phones have become one of the necessities in social as well as in professional life of dental care providers. Their cellular phones are often touched during or after the examination of patients without hand washing. So they can harbor various potential pathogens causing the risk of their transmission to patients and dental health care workers in the dental care environment. Hence the present study was done to assess the cellular phones ofpostgraduate students for microbial contamination.
Objectives: To assess the bacterial contamination of cellular phones used by postgraduate students and to determine the effectiveness of 70% isopropyl alcohol for decontamination.
Methodology: The present study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study group comprised of postgraduate students of KLE VKIDS.A self-administered questionnaire was completed by the consenting participants that consisted of 19 closed ended and 3 open ended questions. Two swabs were taken before and after wiping the cellular phones with 70% isopropyl alcohol. The swabs were then streaked onto blood and MacConkey agar and allowed to incubate for 48 hrs.
Result: Out of 59 participants, 51.2% males and 48.8% females. 76.2% of the participants used cellular phones during clinical hours while 31% even used them between the patients without hand washing/ gloved hands. Significant difference were found between number of colonies before and after cleaning with 70% isopropyl alcohol (p value<0.05)
Conclusion: Cellular phones may act as carrier for cross contamination among patients and dental personnel. Simple cleaning with isopropyl alcohol reduced the microbial load of the cellular phones. Hence it is recommended that dental colleges should develop strict guidelines concerning cell phone use and hygiene
DEATHS FOLLOWING DROWNING IN CALABAR, NIGERIA FROM 2007-2015
Get PDFAim & Objectives: To determine the number of deaths following drowning with emphasis on gender, age and possible season of the year that is most vulnerable.
Materials & Method: A total of sixteen (16) bodies of drowned bodies were autopsied in the department of pathology of university of calabar teaching hospital (ucth) from 2007-2015. The cases range from children to adults in a different circumstances and sites of drowning ranging from swimming pool to deep sea (ocean). The age also ranges from 32 weeks to 55 years.
Results: Out of the sixteen cases, twelve were male and the rest four are females giving a ratio of 3:1. The 32 weeks infant male was from a pregnant woman. Most if not all died of severe pulmonary oedema, asphyxia and a few soft tissue injuries; and fracture of the skull
MANAGEMENT OF CHRONICALLY INFECTED UPPER CENTRAL INCISOR WITH OPEN APEX- A CASE REPORT
Get PDFPatients who present with chronically infected tooth with open apex pose a special challenge to dentists and require a special treatment plan to manage the situation. This case report presents the clinical procedure used to produce a hard tissue barrier in the open apex, and onto which cold flow able guttapercha was condensed to create the fluid tight seal both in coronal and apical region
POST OPERATIVE VISUAL OUTCOME IN MULTIFOCAL VERSUS MONOFOCAL IOL
Get PDFPurpose: To study and compare the postoperative visual outcome and contrast sensitivity in multifocal versus monofocal IOL MethodStudy Design: Randomized control trial; Study period: 12 months; Sample size: 60 eyes of 60 patientsThe study included 33 males and 27 females distributed randomly among the two study groups. There was no statistical difference between two groups in term of sex distribution of patients. The patient belonged to the age group of 56 to 65 years of age. The patients were divided into groups according to the age. One group of patients ranged from 56-60 years and the other group ranged from 61 to 65 years. Thus there is no significant difference between the two groups in term of age distribution. (BCDVA) best corrected distance visual acuity of more than 6/9 was noted in 28/30 patient with multifocal and 29/30 patient with monofocal. There was no statistically significant difference between the two IOL’S. (UCNVA) Uncorrected near visual acuity of more than N8 was noted in 25 patients with multifocal IOL and only 1 patient with monofocal IOL. Thus there was a statistically significant difference between the two IOL with multifocal providing a better near visual acuity. Both the groups exhibited similar levels of contrast sensitivity at higher or moderate levels of contrast sensitivity (100% - 34%) but at lower level of contrast sensitivity (34.2%-5%) there was significant difference in the two groups with monofocal IOL being better than the multifocal IOL.Conclusion In our study we found that patient with multifocal IOL obtained same UCDVA and BCDVA as the monofocal IOL The near visual acuity was significantly better in the multifocal group than the monofocal group. No significant difference in contrast sensitivity between the two groups
ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVEL OF A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA
Get PDFBackground: Iron overload remains a significant clinical concern in sickle cell anemia (SCA) despite contrary reports of adequate iron stores and overt iron deficiency anemia in SCA. It has therefore, become imperative to evaluate the iron status of sickle cell patients in Rivers state –Nigeria.
Methodology: This was a Prospective Study of 108 subjects comprising of 54 SCA patients and 54 aged, sex matched normal (HbAA) control. Serum ferritin was determined by spectrophotometric method.
Result: The SCA patients had a mean serum ferritin level of 300±200 µg/L (range; 80 to 1,200 µg/L) which was higher than the mean of 88±22 µg/L (range 12-150µg) of the control group (P < 0.001). There was a weak direct correlation between serum ferritin concentration and the number of units of blood transfused (r = 0.25 (P = 0.061). Forty three (80%) of the SCA patients had increased iron stores while eleven (20%) had adequate iron stores comparable to the healthy control group. There was no serum ferritin level suggestive of iron deficiency anemia from this study.
Conclusion: We therefore recommend sequential iron studies for patients on recurrent blood transfusion, while iron supplementation should only be given in established cases of iron deficiency anemia
CRITICAL EVALUATION OF LENS INDUCED GLAUCOM
Get PDFPurpose: This longitudinal study was to outline the different characteristics of lens induced glaucoma (LIG), to determine the risk factors, to study the intra-operative and post-operative complications and their consequences on post-operative visual acuity & intraocular pressure, following small incision cataract surgery.
Methodology: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. A standardized detailed performa was used and the patient’s data was collected. Based on the clinical findings, etiological diagnosis of lens induced glaucomas was made. Reasons for late presentations were also noted. Appropriate medical management was given followed by surgical intervention (manual small incision cataract surgery). The intra-operative and post-operative complications were noted. Patients were followed up to 6 week postoperatively and clinical findings were noted. All data was analyzed statistically using Chi – square test. Result:• Most common subtype of lens induced glaucoma noted was phacomorphic variety (68%) & phacolytic glaucoma (24%).
• Most common Intra – operative complication being Shallow anterior chamber (AC), seen in 9 cases, Posterior capsule rupture with Vitreous loss (PCR with VL) 4 cases. Least common being, cortical remnants in 2 cases due to associated vitreous loss. The intra – operative complication rate was almost equal in all groups except shallowing of anterior chamber which was more common in cases of phacomorphic glaucoma.
• Post – operatively corneal oedema with striate keratopathy and iritis were noted in 10 cases (20%) each. Incidence of post – operative complication of corneal oedema with striate keratopathy was more in phacomorphic group while post – operative iritis was more in phacolytic group.
• All cases of lens particle glaucoma and glaucoma associated with subluxation / dislocation of lens, had post – operative complications of corneal oedema with striate keratopathy and iritis both.
• Good visual acuity (6/6 - 6/12) achieved in cases which presented within 1 week (83.33%) , whereas poor visual acuity of less than 6/60 was more in cases which presented beyond 2 weeks (25%) In this study, duration of symptoms had a linear relation with best-corrected visual acuity at final follow up. More the delay in presentation, poorer was the visual outcome, which was both clinically and statistically significant (p=0.001).
• Clinically, significant proportion of cases with IOP at presentation less than 40 mmHg (79.16%) achieved good visual acuity (6/6-6/12), than cases with IOP more than 40 mm Hg (42.30%). This was found to be statistically significant as well with p value = < 0.002. Whereas, no significant difference was found for poor visual outcome (<6/60). The IOP at last follow up was reduced to normal limits (14.73 ± 2.63 mm Hg). It was found that the IOP tends to be higher with the delay in presentation beyond 2 weeks.
Conclusion: There is no inclination found towards age, sex, religion. Phacomorphic glaucoma was the most common entity. Visual outcome is directly related with height of IOP and duration of raised IOP preoperatively. Early detection, medical and surgical intervention yields better visual outcome. Health education and awareness regarding cataract surgery will definitely decrease the incidence of LIG
TUBERCULOSIS UNMASKS MYASTHENIA: A UNIQUE EXPERIENCE
Get PDFMyasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction where in acetylcholine receptor antibodies binds to and inhibits the action of acetylcholine, thereby presenting as weakness and fatigue on exertion. Myasthenic crisis is a life threatening condition which often mandates emergent life support measures. Tuberculosis is one of the most common causes of precipitation of myasthenic crisis in diagnosed cases of myasthenia. But here we reporta case of 25 year old female, diagnosed as sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis, not a known case of myasthenia who presented to us with generalised weakness and severe type 2 respiratory failure subsequently diagnosed as myasthenic crisis. This case has been a singular experience and posed a challenge to us physicians with regards to successful management as because tuberculosis impeded the use of immunosuppressant to combat the highly fatal disease
PREPONDERANCES OF DOG OWNERS TO NEUTERING OF COMPANION ANIMALS: A SURVEY OF DOG OWNERS IN MAIDUGURI METROPOLIS, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFNeutering of companion animals has always been a subject of debate between the owner and the veterinarian, who perform the art. The decision to neuter any pet animal is partly influenced by the owner’s preponderance to neutering. In a bead to assess the preponderances of dog owners in Maiduguri towards neutering their dogs, an investigative survey was carried out on 220 dog owners having unneutered dogs, using a closed–ended questionnaire structured by the investigators. The questionnaire sought the demographic characteristics of the dog owners, their general attitudes towards neutering of companion animals, as well as, their preponderances to management and neutering of their own dogs. The questionnaire was administered to respondent dog owners via the assistances of State Veterinary Hospital and University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital staffs, both in Maiduguri. Data generated from the information collected were analyzed. The results showed that majority of the respondents (70%) indicated single dog ownership, and 67.7% of the dogs were local breeds, while majority were male dogs (79.4%). Management practices such as vaccination, deworming, medical checkup, grooming, dog exercise, and training were observed routinely by only few of the respondent dog owners. Neutering of female dogs rather than male dogs, was generally supported by most dog owners in this study (M = 3.56). Majority of respondents believed that neutering of male companion animal de-males it (M = 4.33). It was deduced from the study that dog owners highly regarded their dogs in human terms, and might not want to neuter them. Our finding also revealed that dog owners had high preponderance that neutering of their dogs frustrates their sexual needs and that their dogs should have their rights to breed. Dog owners therefore, need to be educated on the cons and dons of neutering, so as to have a perfect management of dog population
RISK FACTORS FOR SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION IN UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN JIMMA ZONE, ETHIOPIA
Get PDFBackground: The effects of malnutrition on human performance, health and survival have been the subject of extensive research for several decades and studies show that malnutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity. The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors for severe acute malnutrition among children under five years of age in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, 2015.
Methods: Facility-based age-matched case-control study was conducted in April 2015, Jimma zone. Data were collected by face to face interview and pre-test was conducted on 5 % of the study population. Data were entered by Epi data and exported to EPI-INFO software version 3.5.1 for Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate conditional logistic analysis.
Result: A total of 204 study subjects below the age of five were analyzed. Risk factors for severe acute malnutrition were maternal illiteracy (OR=3.25, 95% CI 1.47-7.17), the monthly family income of less than 50 (AOR=5.98, 95% CI 2.62- 13.66), discarding the colostrums (AOR=7.30, 95%CI 2.07-16.37) and bottle feeding (AOR=2.68, 95% CI 1.26-5.70) were found to be independent predictors for the occurrence of Severe Acute Malnutrition after the effects of other significant risk factors were controlled.
Conclusion and recommendation: The findings of this study confirm the association of severe acute malnutrition with an inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices and monthly income less than 50$. To reduce childhood malnutrition due to emphasis should be given to improving the knowledge and practice of parents on appropriate infant and young child feeding practices