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Varied presentation and surgical management of penile fracture in Abuja Nigeria
Get PDFPenile fracture is a true urologic emergency resulting from a tear in the tunica albuginea as a result of blunt trauma in an erect penis. Even though it is a well-recognized clinical problem, it is relatively uncommon because it is often under-reported due to its embarrassing nature. Penile rupture occurs when the engorged penile corpora buckles and literally “pops†under the pressure of blunt trauma. Diagnosis is mainly clinical and the mainstay of treatment is surgery regardless of delay in presentation. This review aims at reporting our experience in the surgical management of penile fractures in Abuja, North Central Nigeria. In the management of penile fractures, current guidelines recommend immediate surgical exploration and repair upon presentation. In the event of delayed presentation (>48 hours after injury), immediate repair even though associated with increased risk of long term sequelae is still advocated. Relief of pain, prevention of erectile dysfunction and achieving normal voiding are the goals of treatment. The type and location of the incision for repair is surgeon dependant, the most popular being the distal circumferential sub-coronal de-gloving incision popularized by McAninch et al. We found this technique very satisfactory with adequate exposure and cosmetic appeal in our practice
The potential emphasis of nelumbo nucifera gaertn in pharmaceutical sciences
Get PDFCurrently, herbal Medicine is the matriarch form of medicine known to fidelity of creature. Herbal medicine is still the underpinning of about 78 - 80% of the world population, particularly in the grow up countries, for primitive health care. Nature yields a medicine being full of extraordinary shrubs, herbs and flowers, which form the ground for many modern medicines. Herbal medicines are getting more influential in the regimen of different disorders because the prevalent synthetic medicines have side effects. For this acumen, a broad scale of the Indian population for their physical and mental health confide largely on traditional system of medicines. Nelumbo nucifera commonly expressed as sacred lotus, bean of India, Indian lotus or simply lotus. It is the National flower of India. It symbolizes spirituality, fruitfulness, prosperity, comprehension & illumination
The power to heal the body: “About Positive Thinkingâ€
Get PDFIn my years of practice, I have seen many patients with different pathologies, and therefore with different degrees of severity in their condition. In each case, I have yet to stop feeling highly satisfied when the patient recovers, is discharged and returns home to his family, happy, recovered and radiant. This last characteristic, I believe to have perceived in many of them
ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC DOSE FOR SIX PLANT EXTRACTS USING THE ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST IN MICE WITH NORMAL PANCREATIC FUNCTION
Get PDFThe oral glucose tolerance test is useful for the determination of insulin receptors sensitivity to an excess of glucose in the healthy animal. The test was carried out using mice with normal pancreatic function and the plant extracts was made from very rarely studied plant species: Tragopogon pratensis, Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp herbaceum, Acanthus balcanicus, Tamarix ramosissima, Carduus acanthoides, taking as a reference the proven antihyperglycemic effect of tincture of Vaccinium myrtillus. After oral administration of glucose (2g/kg) in previously untreated mice, we observed an increase in plasma glucose within 30 minutes of TTGO administration, reaching a maximum of 60 minutes, with glycemic values progressively decreasing to 90 minutes and 120 minutes. The obtained average blood sugar level to 120 minutes is considerably increased compared to the initial mean before oral administration of glucose. Following testing, we established for the tinctures studied the optimum concentration at which the most powerful antihyperglycemic effect and 200 mg / kg respectively for tincture Dorycnii pentaphylli herba and 150 mg/kg for tinctures Tamaricis ramosissimae folium et flos, Tragoponis pratensis folium, Cardui acanthoiditis folium, Acanthi balcanici herba and Myrtilli fructus. After the test we concluded that all plant extracts have shown antihyperglycaemic capacity, the groups II-VII blood glucose level treated with tincture being reduced in comparison with group
AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE OF THYROID HORMONE DYSFUNCTION: A CASE REPORT
Get PDFIodine supplementation is associated with a greater incidence of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Iodine is an essential raw material for thyroid hormone synthesis. Adequate intakes of both iodine and selenium are required for optimal thyroid function. Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and deficiency will impair synthesis of these hormones. Selenium is essential for the biosynthesis and function of the iodothyronine deiodinases that control the conversion of T4 to T3. A 45-years-old woman presented to the outpatient clinic with complaints of generalized swelling in the body, fatigue, and weakness with the irregular menstrual cycle and heavy flow of menstrual bleeding. At our first observation, with clinical signs of hypothyroidism: the regular pulse of 70 bpm and weight. Physical examination confirmed the blood pressure was 90/70mm of Hg. The patient was diagnosed with overt signs of hypothyroid with TPO antibodies quite higher with the normal range. FT4 and TSH also showed the hypofunction of the thyroid gland. The patient was already on medications (high dose of thyroxin 1000µg). The planned treatment was suggested and After one-month thyroid profile was done. After the therapy investigators observed significant changes in thyroid hormone function after the administration of 350 mcg iodine and elemental selenium 275mcg to a patient with underlying autoimmune thyroiditis. Thus, iodine and selenium supplementation reduce the dose of thyroxine to 350mcg
MICROALBUMINURIA REDUCTION WITH EARLY PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION FOR BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL IN CASES OF HYPERTENSIVE T2DM SUBJECTS
Get PDFObjective: A prospective randomized observational study to assess the importance of early intervention with pharmacotherapy to control B.P. in T2DM having microalbuminuria, and its reduction in comparison to a delayed initiation for the same.
Materials and methods: Patients with T2DM, HTN, and Microalbuminuria, on treatment for Diabetes but drug naïve for HTN were selected and divided into two groups. Group A was advised LSM for B.P. control but no pharmacotherapy. Group B gave the same advice plus Azilsartan 40 mg/day. UACR, B.P., and HbA1c were recorded on every visit. Second visit (3 months) Group A added on Azilsartan 40 mg/day to control the B.P. to target. Group B advised titration of Azilsartan dosage for the same. On the third visit (6 months) all the three parameters were recorded as before.
Results: (n=66) completed the study. (A=36 and B=30). The data analysis showed that at the end of 6 months ~33% of the patients in Group A could become non-microalbuminuric in comparison to ~67% of the patients in Group B. Reduction in microalbuminuria could be achieved in ~72% of patients from Group A, whereas ~87% of patients could achieve the same in Group B.
Conclusion: From the results of this study, it could be concluded that early initiation of pharmacotherapy in hypertensive T2DM patients to reduce B.P. helped to achieve a significantly beneficial effect on microalbuminuria reduction when compared to delayed initiation for the same even when the glycaemic goals and LSM were targeted with equal aggression in both the groups
SURGICAL OUTCOME OF PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY IN ADULTS AT RURAL HOSPITAL.
Get PDFIntroduction: Full thickness corneal opacities remain a challenging situation. Unfortunately, they are more frequently seen in a rural area. PKP is indicated as gold standard surgery in full-thickness corneal involvement as: nonhealing corneal ulcers, penetrating corneal trauma, dystrophies, degenerations and failed lamellar keratoplasties. This procedure is a well-established, effective and gives faster visual rehabilitation. Still, it has many postoperative complications like graft failure, graft rejection, cataract formation, glaucoma, and corneal vascularization.
Purpose: To evaluate surgical outcome of penetrating keratoplasty done in adults having full thickness corneal lesions at a rural hospital in relation to 1) Clinical graft clarity 2) Best corrected visual acuity and 3) Occurrence of postoperative complications and indication for PKPs.
Methods: In this hospital-based, a prospective study we studied all cases that underwent PKP in adults at PRH Loni, by trained surgeons during a total 10 years period i.e. from January 2008 to December 2017.
Results: We studied 114 PKPs. There were 68 (59.64%) males. Clear graft in 59 (51.75%) in all PKPs and in optical PKPs graft clarity was 61.84%. Postoperative complications in 55 (48.24%).Best corrected V/A > 6/18 in 24 cases (21.05 %) more than 6/60 in 64 cases (56.14%) and >CF 3 Meter in 93 patients (81.58 %).
Conclusions: Post PKP graft clarity and BCVA depends on indication for PKP. Graft failure and rejection are the major postoperative complications and PKP gives good best-corrected vision and faster rehabilitation in optical PKP
Postprandial lipid profile abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFBackground: Dyslipidemia is commonly seen as diabetes. Type 2 DM is one of the most common secondary causes of hyperlipidemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of premature arteriosclerosis and higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diabetic dyslipidemia is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis in this condition. The predominant lipid abnormalities seen in diabetes mellitus are an elevated serum triglyceride (Tg) level and a low HDL-C level. While several studies have found a significant association of fasting hypertriglyceridemia and coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetes mellitus, the relationship is not consistent particularly after adjusting for fasting HDL-C Levels.9 It is being increasingly believed that atherosclerosis is a postprandial phenomenon as at least with respect to lipids, we are in the postprandial phase for nearly 2/3rd of the day. High postprandial triglycerides have shown a strong and independent association with CAD. Earlier studies of postprandial lipids in diabetes mellitus have suggested abnormalities of Tg metabolism secondary to insulin resistance (15) although results have not been consistent.
Aims: To assess the postprandial lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients attending PRH Loni.
Objective: To study postprandial lipid profile abnormalities in Type 2 diabetes patients as compared to non diabetics.
Methodology: The present study was a prospective case-control type of study that was conducted in Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni. (PRH) with a sample size of 187 (137 cases and 50 controls).
Results: The mean age of cases was 57.78 ±12.79 years and of controls was 60.50 ±14.39 years. The fasting bsl in cases was 204.61 ±105.01mg/dl and controls were 98.52±30.03 mg/dl. Postprandial bsl was 235.13 ±114.85 mg/dl in cases and 141.92 ±62.47 mg/dl in controlsPhadke C. & (P= 0.0001; P<0.05 is significant). Total cholesterol level in cases was 157.52 ±53.08 mg/dl and in controls was133.06 ±34.22 (P=0.002). Triglycerides level was 185.23 ±104.34 mg/dl in cases and 123.70 ±47.83 mg/dl in controls (P=0.0001). VLDL value in cases was 37.14 ±21.41mg/dl and in controls was 25.14 ±10.46mg/dl (P=0.0002)
DETERMINATION OF ACUTE AND SUBACUTE TOXICITY OF SIX PLANT EXTRACTS
Get PDFDetermining the toxicity of a plant extract is an important preliminary step, depending on which the therapeutic dose is adjusted. In the current study we proposed to test acute and subacute toxicity for six vegetal extracts using swiss albino healthy mice: Tragopogon pratensis, Dorycnium pentaphyllum subsp herbaceum, Acanthus balcanicus, Tamarix ramosissima, Carduus acanthoides compative with Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry). The acute toxicity study revealed the lack of toxicity for the tinctures Acanthi balcanici herba, Dorycnii pentaphylli herba, Tragoponis pratensis folium, Tamaricis ramosissimae folium et flos, Myrtilli fructus, even at the gavage dose of 5 g / kg and the toxicity of tincture Cardui acanthoiditis folium, at a dose of 4g / kg. The subacute toxicity study demonstrates the lack of toxicity for all tinctures studied at the 400 mg / kg dose by gavage, a dose representing 1/10 of the dose that is supported by all animals in determining acute toxicity
STATUS OF RENAL BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PEOPLE LIVING IN SUSPECTED AREA (BULUMKUTTU WARD, MAIDUGURI) OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Get PDFBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem worldwide especially in developing and underdeveloped countries, with adverse outcomes of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Kidney disease (KD) has few symptoms and is frequently unrecognized. Several people self-medicate either by orthodox or traditional medicine to treat its outcomes. Therefore, we sought to undergo community-based screening for the status of renal function test of people living in a suspected area of CKD in Bulumkuttu.
Methodology: A total of two hundred and three (203) subjects comprising of one hundred (100) females and one hundred and three (103) males were recruited for this study by using Stratified sampling technique. Serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid were analyzed using auto chemistry analyzer Hitachi (Roche) Cobas C311. Proteinuria, Glucosuria, and Hematuria were analyzed using standard Reagent Strips for Urinalysis ComboStik 11.
Results: The renal biochemical parameters were found to be an elevated insignificant number of the study populations. Urea concentration was found to be significantly (p=0.000) elevated (>5.8mmol/L) in 31(15.3%) females and 30(14.7%) males. Creatinine was found to be significantly (p=0.000) elevated (>132µmol/L) in 20(9.85%) and 20(9.85%) for females and males respectively. Also 12(5.3%) females and 15(7.4%) males were found to significantly (p=0.000) elevated serum uric acid (>416µmol/L). Proteinuria (≥1+) was also found in 30(14.8%) and 13(6.4%) for females and males respectively. High blood pressure with SBP >139mmHg and DBP >90mmHg was also found in 46(22.7%) females and 38(18.7%) males. Hematuria was also found in 9(9%) females and 6(5.8%) males. Significantly higher levels of uric acid are found in both males and females; 7.4% and 5.3% respectively.
Conclusion: This study shows elevated renal biochemical parameters among the subjects’ indicative of renal damages, the cause of which was not investigated. However, this study found HTN, high BMI and significant prevalence of subjects both females (14%) and males (6.79%) who admitted for habitual self-medication of orthodox as well as herbal medicine. Also 1.89% of males who admitted to smoke at least five sticks of cigarette per day