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A clinical study on lens-induced glaucoma and its visual outcome after cataract surgery at Tertiary Eye Care Center in Western Maharashtra
Get PDFIntroduction: Lens-induced glaucomas (LIG) are a common occurrence in rural areas of India. It has long been recognized clinically that several forms of glaucoma may occur in association with the formation of cataracts, which are an important cause of secondary glaucoma in the developing world. The present study has endeavored to determine the characteristics, risk factors, and their consequences on the postoperative visual outcome, intraocular pressure (IOP), including optic disc changes in lens-induced glaucoma.
Purpose: To study the demographics, clinical presentations of different types of LIG, and its surgical outcome in terms of visual acuity and IOP control after cataract surgery.
Material and methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Ophthalmology department at Tertiary eye care center in Western Maharashtra from January 2015 to December 2019. Patients visiting the Hospital with classical symptoms of LIG were taken into study. All these patients underwent a complete ocular examination using Slit lamp biomicroscopy, Schiotz tonometry and Applanation tonometer. These patients were operated after explaining the possible prognosis by Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) with PCIOL implantation.
Results: Total of 194 patients were taken into this study in which 88 (45.36%) were male patients and 106 (54.64%) were Female. Among different LIG patient’s maximum patients had Phacomorphic Glaucoma accounting 61.86% (120 patients) and Phacolytic Glaucoma 37.11% (72 patients). Subluxated glaucoma was seen in 2 cases (1.03%). The majority of patients 61.86% presented after 1 week of symptoms and the reason for late presentation in more than half of the patients were financial constraints. Visual acuity was either hand-movement or just perception of light in the majority of the eyes at the time of presentation. At last, follow-up 12 cases (6.19%) had best-corrected visual acuity of more than 6/12.
Conclusion: Good visual acuity can be achieved in lens‑induced glaucoma presenting within 1 week, with intraocular pressure of <35 mm of Hg and with meticulous control of intraocular pressure and inflammation with medications preoperatively. Necessary steps should be taken to educate especially the rural population of India, the importance of timely surgery for the better visual outcome and the dangers of poor visual results if cataract surgery is delayed
Vitamin C as a non-surgical gingival depigmentation agent – Case study
Get PDFThe teeth and gums (gingiva) are an important component of an aesthetic smile. Gingival melanin hyperpigmentation results in an unaesthetic smile, especially in individuals with a gummy smiles. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the growth and maintenance of healthy bones, teeth, gums, ligaments, and blood vessels and is involved in important metabolic functions. It has been used for the depigmentation of hyperpigmented spots on the skin. There is limited documentation on the use of Vitamin C as a depigmenting agent for gingival melanin hyperpigmentation. This article discusses the application of Vitamin C as a non-surgical gingival depigmentation agent
Keeping the knife sharp!
Get PDFBeing a Surgeon, even a trainee, has been a painful experience in the ongoing pandemic days, versus the world of yesterday1. The pandemic has crippled & strangulated many surgical branches due to paucity of volumes e.g., Plastic - Cosmetic Surgery, Orthopedics, Joint Replacement, Ortho-Trauma, Transplant Surgery, Elective Abdominal Surgeries like Hernia – Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, Ophthalmology, etc. are the worst affected. This article is about challenges faced by the surgeons involved in more elective surgeries and how they can & should survive the current catch-22 situation
Relationship between depression and health-related behaviors of male senior college students
Get PDFDepression is a typical psychological condition that is extremely common in the overall public and it is a significant contributor to the all-around global burden of illness. A cross-sectional analysis design was used utilizing a structured questionnaire to determine depression and health-related action in male adolescents. Gender differences occur in the improvement of depression, and those differences are particularly prominent during adolescence. The data had been collected from pupils of a senior college in using convenience sampling to choose the participants. The results established the connection between depression and health-related actions. The growth of health-related habits might help in lowering depressive symptoms
Magnesium sulfate versus fentanyl as an adjuvant with bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block- A comparative study
Get PDFBackground: Brachial plexus block is an excellent method for attaining optimal operating conditions for upper limb surgeries. This method produces complete muscular relaxation, maintaining hemodynamic stability. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate and fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology and ICU, Bangladesh Medical College Hospital over a period of six months after acceptance of protocol. Study populations were patients of ASA Status I–II planned for upper limb orthopedic surgical procedures under supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Study populations were randomly allocated into one of the two groups, 30 in each- group A & B. Group A - Patients received 38 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with 100 μg (2ml) of fentanyl to make a total volume of 40 ml. Group B - Patients given 38 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with 80mg (2ml, 4%) magnesium sulfate. Parameters observed were demographic, hemodynamics, onset, and duration of sensory and motor block, analgesia. By using SPSS, version 22.0 data were analyzed. A Chi-square test was applied for qualitative data and an Unpaired t-test was applied for quantitative data. the p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, there was no significant difference between groups in respect of demographic (age, gender) and ASA status (p>0.05). Regarding hemodynamics (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure) were no statistically significant differences between Group A and Group B (p>0.05). The onset of sensory (p=0.825) and motor block (p=0.968) was not statistically significant between the two groups. Duration of sensory and motor block was significantly increased in Group A compared to Group B (p=0.001). Duration of analgesia was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.127). No significant difference in the total number of rescue analgesics between Group A and Group B (p=0.640). From this study, it is found that magnesium sulfate, as well as fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine, prolongs the duration of sensory and motor block in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate, as well as fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine, prolongs supraclavicular brachial plexus block
THE CHANGING IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF BREAST CARCINOMAS IN NNEWI, SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA: OUR EXPERIENCE: Changing Immunohistochemical Profile of Breast Carcinomas
No full textIntroduction: GLOBOCAN statistics has shown a rising incidence of breast cancers (BCs) in Nigeria, with previous studies in our region showing predominance of triple negative category. The molecular classification of BCs, as refined in 2015 by the St. Gallen’s consensus, will help prognosticate and better personalize treatment even in resource limited countries.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemically (IHC) status of BCs diagnosed in Nnewi, southeast Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: We analysed all the morphologically diagnosed cases of BCs that were evaluated IHC for hormone receptors (HR) status, HER2 and Ki67 from two histopathology laboratories serving Nnewi and environs over a 6 year period using SPSS software, version 20.
Results: A total of 13275 surgical specimens were received, 2888 of which were solid malignancies and 2485 were breast tissue specimens (974 (39.20%) of which were BCs). BCs accounted for 33.73% of all solid cancers. Only 142 had IHC done on the tissue blocks. The age ranged from 21 to 80 years with modal age in the 5th decade and mean age of 49.90±12.1 years. Majority (59.2%) of the BCs were HR positive and only 17.1% of BCs in women ≤40years were triple negative (TN). HER2 BCs and triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) were commoner in women aged > 40 years.
Conclusion: There is higher proportion of hormone receptor positive breast cancers in this study compared to previous study in our locality and other parts of the country. The higher proportion of triple negative breast cancers in other studies may be due to pre-analytic factors
Sociodemographic status of hemorrhagic stroke patients: A study in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Get PDFBackground: Worldwide, stroke is the second cause of death and the third cause of disability. For the prevention of hemorrhagic stroke as well as for reducing stroke-related mortality and disability knowledge of the sociodemographic status of hemorrhagic stroke patients is very important.
Aim of the study: The aim of this current study was to assess the sociodemographic status of patients with hemorrhagic stroke.
Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried out at Neurology and Medicine ward Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) from July 2017 to December 2018. In total 60 subjects of more than 18 years were considered for the study as the study subjects. The study population had been selected according to the pre-defined exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only patients with hemorrhagic stroke attended the mentioned hospital ware included. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS programs as per need.
Results: In this study, among a total of 60 participants, 68% (n=41) were male whereas the rest 32% (n=19) were female. The majority of the patients were from 50 years and above age groups which were 63.33% of the total respondent. One-third (33%) of the total study population were service holders which was the highest number from a single profession. The majority of the patients were from lower middle-classed families which were 63.33%. The highest number of participants were from peri-urban areas which were 43%. As the risk factors, smoking, DM as well as HTN were found among 65%, 12%, and 77% of patients respectively.
Conclusion: The ratio of male hemorrhagic stroke patients is higher. Although living area, economic status, and residence area may not be correlated with hemorrhagic stroke, age, the habit of smoking and HTN may arise as some potential risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke
Comparisons of some functional and pasting properties of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) flours produced under different processing conditions
Get PDFCyperus esculentus is an underutilized and readily available crop. Successful utilization of its flour for food products will depend on its functional and pasting characteristics which are usually affected by different processing conditions. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine and compare the extent to which the different processing conditions will affect the properties of tiger nut flours. Fresh and dry yellow tiger nuts were purchased from the Ojo market in Ibadan, Nigeria. They were cleaned, sorted, washed, and separated into four major batches for both the fresh and dry samples. These were subjected to different processing conditions of fermentation, germination, and roasting. The untreated fresh and dry samples were used as controls. Flours were produced from the samples using standard procedures. The functional and pasting characteristics of the samples were evaluated. Water absorption capacity increased to 2.70 and 2.20 g/g for fresh roasted and dry fermented samples respectively. Oil absorption capacity increased to 1.40 g/g for the dry germinated sample and 1.35 g/g for dry fermented, dry roasted, and fresh fermented samples. There were increases in swelling power with germination, fermentation, and roasting. Peak viscosity increased from 710 to 779 RVU and breakdown from 6 to 14 RVU while setback decreased from about 90 to about 10 RVU with all processing methods. Final viscosity was generally not affected by all processing methods. The results of the pasting temperatures and peak time combinations indicated that the dry germinated sample will be easier to cook than all other samples
Role and effects of n-acetylcysteine in rat killer (rodenticide) poisoning
Get PDFIntroduction:- Rodenticide is one of the pesticides and heterogeneous substances used to kill rats. Rodenticide poisoning is a major health problem in Asian countries, particularly the mode of self-poisoning, prevalent in India. It causes hepatotoxicity and no antidote has been found. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a powerful antioxidant and used in the treatment of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. The main objectives of this study were to determine the role of NAC in liver impairment rodenticide poisoning patients.
Methods:- Patients who ingested rat killer poison and age >15 years were included in the study. Patients having jaundice, liver disease, and age <15 years were excluded from the study.
Results:- Out of 50 patients. 27 (54%) were females and 23 (46%) were males. Age group between 21-30 years contributes the highest 20 (40%). The majority of types of rodenticide compounds consumed by patients were pasted 29 (58%) and less than four hours 26 (52%) patients were admitted. and 7 (14%) patients died.
Conclusion:-In liver impairment rodenticide poisoning patients, early use of NAC shows a significant result and the rate of recovery is also high. N-acetylcysteine, Rodenticide poisoning, Liver impairment. 
An observational study on the predictability of the Triple-D score in the success rate of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in renal stones 1 – 2 cm in diameter: Triple D score predicts SFR after ESWL successfully
No full textIntroduction: Evaluation of Triple-D scoring system to assess the stone free rate in individuals who were given extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal stones measuring 10-20 mm in diameter. Materials and methods: The study subjects were 120 patients who presented to the urological outpatient department with complaints of renal stones. Systemic Random Sampling technique was applied to select study subjects for study population with a Sampling Interval of 2. Prior to ESWL, Triple-D scoring comprising of three CT based metrics - stone dimension (volume), stone density (HU) and skin-to-stone distance (SSD) was done prior to ESWL as described by Tran et al. The score ranged from 0 (worst) to 3 (best). Treatment efficacy was studied by plain abdominal radiography three weeks after ESWL. Complete clearance was considered the “stone free statusâ€. Results: In the study population, stone dimension, stone density and stone location were positive predictors of stone free rate after ESWL whereas age, sex and BMI of the patients, laterality of the stone and skin to stone distance were not. The area under the curve (AUC) of Triple-D scoring system was 0.598.Conclusion: Triple-D scoring system has been successfully validated as the SFR showed a parallel increase with every positive component.