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Various presentations of intracranial meningiomas
Get PDFMeningiomas are the most common non-glial tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). There are a number of characteristic imaging features of meningiomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allow an accurate diagnosis, however there are a number of atypical features that may be diagnostically challenging. Furthermore, a number of other neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions may mimic meningiomas
Parental attitudes towards Breastfeeding practices in comparison to Formula feeding and its sociodemographic determinants
Get PDFIntroduction
Breastfeeding has been merited as a pertinent source of nutrition for growth and development of the young infants. Despite ample health education and awareness endeavors about the advantages of breastfeeding, the current exclusive breastfeeding rates are still on the lower side in developing countries like India.
Materials and methods
This was a prospective,cross sectional study conducted at Dept of Pediatrics in a zonal hospital in North India. To assess the maternal and paternal attitudes towards breastfeeding and formula feeding, we prepared a17 point questionnaire adapted from IIFAS (lowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale). IIFAS is a reliable and validated tool for assessing attitudes toward breastfeeding .
Results
There is overall statistically significant difference seen among the level of education and positive breastfeeding attitudes (p = .001) and this was more noticeable among mothers (p=0.00) than fathers (p = 0.480). Professional mothers and housewives do not have any differences (p=0.223) in positive attitudes towards breastfeeding, but contrary to popular belief, professional mothers had more positive attitude(average score=28.5±2.4) towards breastfeeding than house wives (average score = 27.7±2.6).
Discussion
This study highlights both the maternal and paternal attitudes towards breastfeeding in comparison to the formula feeds in a developing country like India along with various socio- demographic factors which influence these attitudes. These findings speaks volumes about the need for considerable improvement of infrastructure for breastfeeding at public places and constituting a set policy for breastfeeding in developing countries like India.
 
Mitral annular calcification: A marker of severe coronary artery disease in patients under 60 years old
Get PDFBackground: Mitral Annular calculation (MAC) is a fibrous, degenerative calcification of the mitral valve support ring. Mitral Annular calcification is a common condition. In other population-based study, the prevalence of MAC was reported as 13%. It is more common in women and people over 70 years old. Most previous pathological and clinical studies have proposed that MAC may be a form of atherosclerosis and suggested that coronary atherosclerosis and MAC have similar etiology. Methods: A Cross sectional Study was conducted at Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Patients of coronary artery disease with or without MAC who were selected for coronary angiography. Group–1: Patients with mitral annular calcification. Group–2: Patients without mitral annular calcification. Results: Total 79 patients was selected, mean age was 48.94±8.1 years. In MAC group male patients were 41(85.4%) & female 7(14.6%). In no MAC group male patients were 19(61.2%) & female 12(38.8%). Significant sex difference was observed among MAC & no-MAC group (p=0.005). In this study, 66% of patients with MAC and 33% of patient without MAC had single vessel disease, 68% patients with MAC and 32 % without MAC had double vessel disease, 83% of patient with MAC and 17% patient without MAC had triple vessel disease, and 100% of patient with MAC had left mean coronary artery disease, and 12% of MAC and 88% of patient without MAC had no significant coronary artery disease. Among 2 left main patients, 100% had severe MAC. Among 15 patients of TVD none was mild, 2(20%) moderate and 13(54.1%) had severe MAC. Among 15 patient of DVD 2(13.3%) were mild, 5 (33.4%) moderate and 8(53.3%) had severe MAC. Among 14 patients of SVD 10(71.4%) were mild, 3(30%) moderate and 1(4.2%) had severe MAC. Among 2 patient of non-significant coronary artery disease, 2(14.3%) without CAD had mild MAC and none had moderate and severe MAC. Multivariate analysis shows MAC (p=0.007) as an independent predictor for coronary artery disease. Conclusions: This study finding suggest that in patient aged less than 60 years, mitral annular calcification associated with an increased prevalence of severe and extensive obstructive coronary artery disease. Mitral annular calcification may be an easily detected echocardiographic marker of the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease, especially when associated with angina symptoms
Ischemic Stroke and its associated factors among Adult patients at public referral hospitals, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Get PDFBackground: Stroke is a chronic non-communicable disease resulting from infractions or spontaneous hemorrhage in the brain. The burden of stroke is increasing at an alarming rate globally. In 2013 there were 6.5 million stroke deaths, and 113 million disability-adjusted life years due to stroke from this, 75.2% of all stroke mortality and 81.0% of stroke-related disability-adjusted life years are from developing countries. Ischemic stroke is the most common form of stroke approximately about 80%–85% of all strokes in nature. Stroke Deaths in Ethiopia reached 7% of total deaths. It is decreasing in the developed countries while it is increasing in low level and middle-income countries. This study aims to assess ischemic stroke and associated factors among four selected hospitals in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Methods: Hospitals-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 159 stroke patients’ who were attending at four selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia May 1/2019 to April 30/2020. Information on relevant variables was collected from adult stroke patients’ paper-based medical records and registries. The study period was from December 2020 to June 2020. Using a systematic random sampling technique 159 were included in this study. Record review was used to collect data and it was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Variables with a p-value less than 0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were selected for multivariable logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to determine the association. P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance in multivariable analysis.
Result: 159 adult stroke patients were included in the study with that 156 (98.11%) response rates. Out of the total 156 patients, 31 (19.9 %%) died and the remaining 125 (80.1%) were improved. The mean (SD) age of the study patient was 54.84+17.12 years. The prevalence of ischemic stroke was 81 (51.92%), [95% CI, 41-55.8] with the determinant risk factors of ischemic stroke were hypertension (AOR= 4.49, 95% CI: 1.89-10.67) followed by Atrial fibrillation (AOR=8.08, 95% CI: 2.50-26.12) and valvular heart disease (AOR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.34-7.01) were the significant association of ischemic stroke.  
General characteristics and laboratory findings of patients admitted to medicine department of a tertiary care hospital with electrolyte imbalance
Get PDFIntroduction: Electrolyte imbalance (EI) is an independent predictor of mortality and has of great clinical importance because these disorders have been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Thus, prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial in the management of patients admitted to the medicine department.
Objective: To assess the general characteristics and laboratory findings of patients admitted to the medicine department of a tertiary care hospital with electrolyte imbalance.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients attending the medicine department of Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar, Bangladesh over a period of six months from January to June 2022. A total of 501 patients over 18 years of age who presented in the medicine department with different electrolyte disturbance was included in this study. After admission and clinical examinations, data were collected from the patients after having a written informed consent from them.
Results: Among, 501 patients with electrolyte imbalance, 55% (n=275) were male and 45% (n=226) female. The mean age of patients was 59.28 ±16.79 years. The most common symptoms of the patients were dyspnoea (14.9%, n=75), fever (13.9%, n=70), and systemic deterioration (12.1%, n=61). Most and least frequent electrolyte imbalances were hyponatremia and hypermagnesemia, respectively. Confusion (14.1%), oedema (10.0%) and rales (9.0%) were most frequently seen in physical examination. ECG examinations revealed normal sinus rhythm in 62.2% of the patients, and most frequent pathological findings were tachycardia (23.5%) and atrial fibrillation (6.7%). Most frequent oncological diagnoses in these patients were lung and haematological malignancies. By physical, clinical, and laboratory examinations, sepsis was frequently diagnosed in 10.5% of the patients, pneumonia in 8.7%, and acute renal failure in 7.1%. All patients had at least one comorbid condition.
Conclusion: Patients admitted to the medicine department with electrolyte imbalance require close evaluation and frequent laboratory draws depending on the duration and severity of underlying disease states. In our study, our patients were diagnosed with various oncological diseases (39.5%). These malignancies expose a major risk for electrolyte imbalances. Most patients undergoing therapy for the electrolyte abnormalities require longer hospital stays depending upon the severity and acuity of different electrolytes
Pregnancy outcomes of diabetic women; A single centre experience
Get PDFIntroduction: Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with preterm delivery, birthweight extremes, and increased rates of congenital anomaly, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Aim of the study: This study aimed to determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes of diabetic pregnant women managed at Chittagong Medical College and Hospital, Chittagong Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted at the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Chittagong Medical College and Hospital, Chittagong Bangladesh. This study was conducted from the registry case details of women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Pre-gestational Diabetes Mellitus (PGDM) (Type-1 or Type-2) from January 2021 to December 2021. Result: A total of 133 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study into three groups 1st Control group with 53 patients, 2nd Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) with 55 patients, and Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (PGDM) with 25 patients. There is an impact on SCBU admission; most of the babies in the control group were not admitted to SCBU, 36(65.45%) babies were not admitted, and 19(34.55%) babies were admitted to SCBU of the GDM group. Nevertheless, almost 50% of babies were admitted to SCBU of the PGDM group. Conclusion: Women with pregnancies complicated by diabetes had a higher incidence of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Clinical recognition of diabetes in pregnancy is important because institution of therapy, and antepartum fetal surveillance can reduce the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with the condition
A review of the impact of mycotoxin contamination on poultry performances
Get PDFExtensive research over several decades has revealed that mycotoxin is commonly found in most poultry feed ingredients. All poultry is sensitive to mycotoxins. This partly depends on the type, age, and production categories of poultry, their living conditions, and nutritive status and partly on the type, quantity, and duration of mycotoxin ingestion. Mycotoxins are toxin secondary metabolites produced primarily by fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium that have harmed poultry, animal, and human health for thousands of years. Some common effects of mycotoxin are reduced feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency, growth performance, immunity, and hatchability along with increased mortality, organ damages (mainly kidney and liver), carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and decreased egg production. There is a strong need to evaluate the effect of mycotoxin on poultry performances and their importance.
 
Profile of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: A study in a tertiary care hospital
Get PDFBackground: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common ‘peripheral neuropathy which is usually associated with the compression of the median nerve at the level of carpal tunnel. CTS is generally characterized by tingling, numbness, weakness of the thumb, and thenar atrophy. In Bangladesh, we do have not enough research-based data regarding the features and presentations of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Aim of the study: This study aimed to determine the features and demography of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Cumilla Medical College Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to January 2020. In total 100 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were included as the study subjects of this study. This study was approved by the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital. Proper written consent was taken from all the participants before data collecting. All data were collected, processed and analyzed by using MS Office and SPSS version 23 programs as per need.
Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was found 47.25±9.50 years. The male-female ratio was 1:3. The mean (±SD) BMI (kg/m2) was 26.9±4.77. Most of the participants were married which was 62% (n=62). We found paraesthesia weakness in thenar eminence, numbness, nocturnal pain, pain after physical activity and sensitivity alteration were associated in more than 75% of patients. Among all the participants, more than half (53%) of the patients were mild in condition. Besides this, 43%, 8% and 4%of patients were in moderate, severe and very severe condition respectively.
Conclusion: Women are most vulnerable to carpal tunnel syndrome. Most of the cases for CTS are found in the middle age group. Paraesthesia may be considered the most common symptom of this disease. Early diagnosis may reduce the suffering of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
Did chess players have better mental state amidst the pandemic? - An assessment through the DASS index among Indians
Get PDFBackground and Aim: The Covid 19 pandemic has created the most vulnerable health situation, forcing it to change the lives of billions. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the difference in mental health conditions between a chess-playing and non-chess-playing (control) group to determine the positive impacts of the game.
Methods: 400 participants were selected for the study (cases=100, controls=300) during the second wave of Covid-19 in India. An individual with a record of playing chess was included in the case group, while anyone who does not play chess was chosen as the control. This was a voluntary study wherein self-administered google forms were used as questionnaires to obtain data. Internal consistency, categorical analysis using Pearson Chi-Square Test at 95% confidence, t-test for the mean difference of DASS scores, and odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals were assessed.
Results: Internal consistency of the DASS index was high, with Cronbach\u27s alphas of 0.9103 and 0.9443, respectively, for the chess-playing and control groups. Categorical analysis revealed that regularity and intensity had no association in alleviating mental health situations but reduced the risk of mental health deterioration among chess players (OR= 0.3628; 95% CI 0.166-0.789). Independent t-tests revealed significantly lower DASS scores for the chess-playing group concerning depression and total DASS index.
Conclusion: This study has generated preliminary evidence and calls for further research to understand the extent of this positive outcome. Enough evidence in this regard would appeal to the popularization and extensive coverage of chess
Clinico-etiologic profile of acute viral hepatitis in children presenting to tertiary care center of rural Maharashtra.
Get PDFBackground: Acute Viral hepatitis is defined as an infection of the hepatic tissue due to hepatotropic and/or non hepatotropic viruses causing hepatocellular inflammation which is a self-limiting illness usually resolving completely within 4-6 weeks of time. The clinical band of acute viral hepatitis ranges from subclinical disease to fulminant hepatic failure. We conducted this study to ascertain the Clinico- etiologic profile along with the outcome of acute viral hepatitis in children belonging to rural western Maharashtra.
Method: A retrospective observational study was conducted in department of Pediatrics after ethical approval from the institution and included children from 6 months to 12 years of age and was conducted during November 2021 and included patients admitted to Pravara Rural Hospital during October 2020 to October 2021.
A total of 28 children were clinically diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis were included in the study and data was obtained and analyzed using appropriate statistical tool.
Results: Among 28 cases 18(64.28%) were boys and 10 were girls (35.71%). Mean age group was 7.03± 2.54 years. Virology marker revealed 20 (71%) cases positive for hepatitis A(HAV), 1(3%) case positive for hepatitis E (HEV), and co-infection with HAV and HEV in 1(4%) case, no specific etiology was detected in 4(14%) cases, 1(4%) case positive for hepatitis B and hepatitis C cases were detected. Jaundice was the most common (100%) presenting complaint, followed by fever (92%), pain abdomen (85%), high colored urine (72%). Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia was detected in all (100%) the HAV, HEV positive cases, hepatic enzymes raised above 5 times of normal limit in all the HAV, HEV positive cases. INR more than 2.5 was noticed among 3 HAV positive cases (10.71%). Acute liver failure was seen in 2 children, and both the cases died after 3-4 days of PICU admission.
Conclusion: Hepatitis A is most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in pediatrics population. Hepatitis E infection leads a more severe clinical course than HAV infection