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Inclusion and Hegemony: Reading Salmān al-Fārisī\u27s Conversion Story
Get PDFIn the otherwise expansive medieval Arabic literature, the scarcity of information concerning the conversion process of the early Islamic community piques interest in the handful of existing conversion narratives.One particular narrative that stands out is the conversion story of Salmān al-Farisi, recounting his transformation from a devout Zoroastrian to a dedicated companion of Prophet Muhammad. In the compilation of stories of Salmān al-Farisi by Louis Massignon named Khabar Salmān, the persistence of many plot elements across different accounts of the story suggests a deliberate process of repetition and canonization. Recognizing the Salmān al-Farisi story as a site of memory, curation, and elite intentions, this paper considers the purpose of the story in forging Muslim identity, managing intergroup dynamics, and maintaining political power within the early Islamic community
Modernism As Liberation: J. Max Bond Jr. At Mississippi’s Mary Holmes College
No full textFrom early in his career, J. Max Bond Jr. (1935–2009) brought the civil rights movement to bear on architecture, insisting that modernism live up to its promise to build a better world. Exemplary of this effort was the first completed work of Bond Ryder Associates, the Neigh Dormitory (1968–70) at Mary Holmes College in West Point, Mississippi. This article offers a close reading of this overlooked project in the context of Bond’s own encounters with modern architecture as an African American, the realities of Mississippi in the 1960s, and the experiences of the students who made this dorm their home. It contends that Bond Ryder shaped a liberatory modernism here especially focused on the freedom and self-determination of the dorm’s Black residents amid ongoing racial violence. In doing so, the article provides a novel perspective on the role that architecture played as a force for racial equality and that, in turn, the long civil rights movement played in shaping architectural modernism. While modern architecture had caused much harm by midcentury, this dorm’s history reveals an unexpected source for the rejuvenation of modernism’s social promise: the long struggle for racial justice
Biennial Boom: Making Contemporary Art Global
No full textIn Biennial Boom, Paloma Checa-Gismero traces an archeology of contemporary art biennials to uncover the processes that prompted these exhibitions to become the global art world’s defining events at the end of the twentieth century. Returning to the early post-Cold War years, Checa-Gismero examines the early iterations of three well-known biennials at the borders of North Atlantic liberalism: the Bienal de La Habana, inSITE, and Manifesta. She draws on archival and oral history fieldwork in Cuba, Mexico, the US/Mexico borderlands, and the Netherlands, showing how these biennials reflected a post-Cold War optimism for a pacified world by which artistic and knowledge production would help mend social, political, and cultural divisions. Checa-Gismero argues that, in reflecting this optimism, biennials facilitated the conversion of subaltern aesthetic genealogies into forms that were legible to a nascent cosmopolitan global elite—all under the pretense of cultural exchange. By outlining how early biennials set the basis for what is now recognized as “global contemporary art,” Checa-Gismero intervenes in previous accounts of the contemporary art world in order to better understand how it became the exclusionary, rarified institution of today
Sibling Presence During Fostering Ameliorates Endocrine Stress Profile Changes In A Social Rodent Species (\u3cem\u3eOctodon degus\u3c/em\u3e) In A Sex-Specific Manner
No full textDuring early life, disruption of the parent-offspring bond can substantially impact development of offspring physiology and behavior. In rodents, it has been well-documented that parental separation, reduction in parental care, and cross-fostering can affect development of the endocrine stress response. For social species, however, several social factors may mitigate the stress of cross-fostering, such as remaining with other known adult caregivers or siblings. In this study, we cross-fostered a social rodent species (Octodon degus) with or without their siblings at postnatal day (PND) 8 and measured their endocrine stress response immediately after fostering (PND9) and at weaning (PND28). We found that female singly-fostered offspring displayed elevated baseline cortisol levels and reduced weight gain immediately after fostering. At weaning, female singly-fostered offspring continued to display elevated baseline cortisol levels compared to non-fostered female offspring, while singly-fostered males demonstrated weaker cortisol negative feedback strength compared to male offspring that were not fostered or were fostered with their siblings. These results suggest that sibling presence may help mitigate the stress of fostering, and that future studies should further examine other social conditions that may help reduce developmental consequences of long-term parental bond disruption
Social Environment And Anogenital Distance Length Phenotype Interact To Explain Testosterone Levels In A Communally Rearing Rodent: Part 2: The Female Side
No full textTestosterone is known as a “male” hormone; however, females also synthetize testosterone, which influences female sexual and aggressive behavior. In female vertebrates, as in males, testosterone levels can vary seasonally. However, female testosterone levels may also be related with female anogenital distance (AGD) length phenotype (a proxy of prenatal androgen exposure), and the social group environment. We used data from a long-term rodent study (2009–2019) in a natural population of degus (Octodon degus) to examine the potential associations between female serum testosterone levels, season, female AGD phenotype, and social group composition. We quantified female serum testosterone levels during the mating and offspring rearing seasons, and we determined the number of females and males in social groups, as well the composition of groups, in terms of the AGD of the female and male group mates. Our results indicate that female testosterone levels vary with season, being highest during the offspring rearing season. Additionally, female testosterone levels were associated with the number of male group-members and the AGD of male group-members but were not associated with female social environment and focal female AGD phenotype. Together, our results suggest that female testosterone levels are sensitive to intersexual interactions. Our results also reveal that female and male testosterone levels do not differ between the sexes, a finding previously reported only in rock hyraxes. We discuss how the complex social system of degus could be driving this physiological similarity between the sexes
Re-Instatement Of Pell Grants For Incarcerated Students: Implications For CS Education
Get PDFThe US incarcerates more people, and at a higher rate, than any other country in the world—predominantly low-income people of color. Higher education in prison (HEP) has a powerful impact on justice-impacted people, improving their quality of life during incarceration and reducing their likelihood of returning to prison post-release. HEP nearly disappeared in 1994 after Pell Grant eligibility was eliminated for incarcerated students, which was recently reinstated. More computing educators can reach incarcerated students with digital literacy skills, core computing content, and critical analyses of the impacts of computing on society. CS education researchers can also support the growth of CS education in prisons, and influence policies restricting technology infrastructure
How Academics & Policymakers Can Collaborate Effectively: Lessons From Using Behavioral Science To Improve U.S. Federal Government Policies
No full textThe U.S. government administers many public programs and services. Creating programs that work requires an understanding of the psychological processes that influence behavior. To this end, policymakers may collaborate with academics who have expertise in behavioral science to generate ideas for improving existing programs, procedures, or policies; to test existing programs; or to design wholly new programs that address societal problems. Such collaborations also enable academics to test new or established theories in real-world settings. In this article, we draw on our collective experience in the U.S. Office of Evaluation Sciences, where we have worked on studies that evaluate various federal programs, to outline some of the core issues that make research collaborations between academics and government agents challenging. We also offer tips for making these partnerships productive and mutually beneficial
Enfermedades Argentinas: 16 historias
No full text¿Para cuántas enfermedades un cambio de gobierno trajo alteraciones realmente significativas en su historia? ¿Acaso el golpe militar de 1930 modificó las tendencias de la mortalidad producida por la tuberculosis en las grandes ciudades del Litoral? ¿El primer peronismo perturbó la endémica presencia del mal de Chagas en gran parte del interior de Argentina? A través de una cuidadosa selección de casos, Diego Armus reúne en este volumen 16 historias socioculturales de enfermedades que, desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta el pasado reciente, se convirtieron en asuntos públicos en Argentina. Desde las campañas sanitarias contra el paludismo pasando por el estigma asociado al VIH/sida hasta la epidemia de dengue, los autores investigan de qué manera patologías como el cólera, la fiebre amarilla o la tuberculosis, entre otras, no solo fueron moldeadas por virus y bacilos —factores extrahumanos—, sino que también moldearon políticas públicas, intervenciones medioambientales, preocupaciones sociales y tensiones culturales. Esta recopilación ofrece una reflexión crítica sobre la relación entre enfermedad, medioambiente y sociedad en la Argentina moderna e invita a reconsiderar la historia de la salud desde un ángulo que trasciende la mera biología y se adentra en los avatares de las experiencias individuales y colectivas, del pasado lejano y reciente, frente a muy diversas epidemias, endemias, patologías crónicas y dolencias
