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Reencountering Trade Legacies, Indigenous Histories, And The Early Leopoldine Society Circle In The Vienna Weltmuseum
No full textThis chapter concerns the Great Lakes Indigenous peoples whose artifacts may be found in the Vienna Weltmuseum. It situates these artifacts within the larger framework of exchange modalities among Indigenous peoples, together with the Leopoldine Society, an organization founded in Vienna in 1829 to minister to German-speaking Catholics in North America. To convey this framework, the chapter recalls Indigenous artifact collections of British officers active in the region, as well as the gift giving of Odawa leader Jean-Baptiste Assiginack. It also devotes close attention to Georg Schwarz, whose inventory of Indigenous artifacts remains the centerpiece of the North American collection in Vienna. In Assiginack and Schwarz, the issues of the chapter converge—the Habsburg turn to North America, the Leopoldine Society, and the complex overlays among the ambitions of Austrian traders, practices of Indigenous exchange, and the contemporary Weltmuseum collection
The Sun King And The Intellectual: Bruno Kreisky, Heinrich Drimmel, And The United States
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Site Fidelity Is Associated With The Social Experience Of Forked Fungus Beetles (\u3cem\u3eBolitotherus cornutus\u3c/em\u3e)
No full textConsistently returning to or remaining within a specific location, a behavior known as site fidelity, is a useful metric for quantifying animal space use. When multiple individuals display similar site fidelity patterns, they are likely to interact, shaping the degree and quality of their social interactions. However, the link between the expression of site fidelity behavior and an individual’s social experience has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study we examined (1) how intrinsic individual properties (body size and sex) predicted variation in site fidelity and (2) whether site fidelity was linked to the social experience of individuals in wild populations of Bolitotherus cornutus (forked fungus beetles). We found that body size correlated with site fidelity differently in males and females. Smaller females and larger males returned more often or stayed at a particular site (expressed higher site fidelity). We also found that individuals that expressed greater site fidelity experienced more social interactions especially among larger females and smaller males. Our results suggest that site fidelity might be an underappreciated aspect of animal behavior that influences the social experience of individuals and may have cascading effects on population-level phenomena such as social networks, sexual selection, and conspecific competition
Variation In Phenotype, Genotype, And Somatic Diversity Among Asexual \u3cem\u3eSchmidtea mediterranea\u3c/em\u3e Planarians
No full textMost multicellular life reproduces sexually, utilizing a single-celled stage that acts as a genetic bottleneck. This bottleneck limits the evolution of selfish cell adaptations by ensuring all cells descend from a single progenitor. We investigated an obligately asexual strain of Schmidtea mediterranea planarians that reproduces by self-bisection and lacks a single-cell bottleneck. Using 2.5 yearlong data on planarian reproductive behavior combined with genotyping, we revealed two previously undescribed genetically distinct substrains within the CIW4 strain. One substrain showed reduced fitness, which correlated with substantial losses of heterozygosity and increased somatic diversity. By genotyping consecutive head offspring over multiple generations, we found that only ∼9% of potential de novo mutations were transmitted to the next generation via the tail, suggesting that fission acts as a genetic bottleneck. Our study uncovers significant diversity in a fissiparous animal and proposes how somatic diversity can be controlled in the absence of a single-cell bottleneck
An Introductory-Level Undergraduate CS Course That Introduces Parallel Computing
No full textWe present the curricular design, pedagogy, and goals of an introductory-level course on computer systems that introduces parallel and distributed computing (PDC) to students who have only a CS1 background. With the ubiquity of multicore processors, cloud computing, and hardware accelerators, PDC topics have become fundamental knowledge areas in the undergraduate CS curriculum. As a result, it is increasingly important for students to learn a common core of introductory parallel and distributed computing topics and to develop parallel thinking skills early in their CS studies. Our introductory-level course focuses on three main curricular goals: 1) understanding how a computer runs a program, 2) evaluating system costs associated with running a program, and 3) taking advantage of the power of parallel computing. We elaborate on the goals and details of our course\u27s key modules, and we discuss our pedagogical approach that includes active-learning techniques. We also include an evaluation of our course and a discussion of our experiences teaching it since Fall 2012. We find that the PDC foundation gained through early exposure in our course helps students gain confidence in their ability to expand and apply their understanding of PDC concepts throughout their CS education
Draft Genome Sequences Of \u3cem\u3eBurkholderia\u3c/em\u3e And \u3cem\u3eParaburkholderia\u3c/em\u3e Strains Isolated From \u3cem\u3ePanicum virgatum\u3c/em\u3e Soil And Roots At The Lux Arbor Reserve In Michigan, USA
No full textWe present draft genomes of two Paraburkholderia strains and two Burkholderia strains. Three strains were isolated from surrounding soils and one from roots of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in Michigan, USA
Sugar, Spice, and Everything Nice: Sweets as a Communicator of Power and Wealth in Early Modern Spain
Get PDFWhat makes a luxury good so valued among the elite? How is luxury defined? This paper examines sugar and the value placed on sweet treats in early 17th-century Spain when sugar was a prized, expensive good among the elite. The 1611 cookbook by royal chef Francisco Martínez Montiño draws attention to this through the popularity of sweet goods, the portion sizes of the recipes, and the emphasis on sweet treats being served at gatherings, and the 1747 recipe book written by the head pastry chef for the Spanish crown Juan de la Mata provides an interesting contrast as sugar’s availability increased and the definition of its value as a luxury item changed. This paper employs these items written by agents of the crown to ascertain how the elite used sugar as a communicator of power and later redefined its value as a luxury good, as scarcity could no longer serve as the sole indicator. The separation in time between the two works allows for an analysis of the role of sugar in elite circles during an alteration of the value of sugar and the creation and self-fashioning of a new professional craft of pastry makers as savory separates from sweet
Suburbanization as a Post-Industrial Essentiality: Revisiting Sweden\u27s Miljonprogrammet
Get PDFDefinitively speaking, suburbanization does not equate to post-industrialism in the same limelight as would urbanization and industrialism. However, anomalous cases, such as the one being discussed in this paper, tangentially interlink on a socioeconomic basis. In 1965, Sweden began construction of the Miljonprogrammet (Million Programme), where over the next ten years, over one million domiciles were built in a suburban setting leading to a mass diaspora of ‘slum living’ Swedish industrial workers. The nation’s renowned welfare state, built on a collaborative system between public and private sectors as well as federal and municipal actors, overlooked housing in its social policy framework for nearly six decades. Consequently, the gargantuan spatial and social ubiquity of the program resulted in cracks in the system’s carapace as these actors became divided on policy. Arguably, these fissures created an outlet for Sweden to ease into a post-industrial society during the financial crises of the 1970s and 1980s; with notable examples including the rise of the working woman, urban renewal projects based in the service sector, and an increase in social conformity. Revisiting the Miljonprogrammet as a physical representation of social change in a deindustrializing West displays the undervalued part suburbanization played in defining this period
Review Of Why Suicide Is Amoral: A Philosophical Account By R. Gaier
No full textGaier (Gannon Univ.) argues that suicide is amoral because agents are unable to exercise “deliberative agency” (as they lack reasons for what they do and cannot act on them) or “moral agency” (as their relational knowledge is compromised; i.e., lacking a sense of belonging). To say that suicide is amoral is to say that moral categories, including moral permissibility, do not apply. Thus, suicide is an act, but no more an action than a toddler throwing a tantrum comes within the moral domain. But how should suicide be defined? Gaier is inclined towards a more expansive account that permits her to include physician assisted suicide (PAS) and the soldier who throws his body on a grenade to save his comrades. Interestingly, Gaier doesn’t discuss the most famous case in philosophy: that of Socrates. Arguably, Socrates didn’t lack deliberative or moral agency either. This thoughtfully argued book provides deep insight into the most typical cases—namely, those suffering profound moral depression—but less well in other cases. For example, her thesis mandates, and she accepts, that neither the soldier nor someone who chooses PAS deserve any moral praise or admiration. The book is well researched and worth taking seriously, but this reviewer believes that Gaier overgeneralizes. Summing Up: Recommended. General readers through faculty; professionals