14098 research outputs found
Sort by
\u3cem\u3eLoper Bright v. Raimondo And \u3cem\u3eRelentless v. Department of Commerce\u3c/em\u3e: The End Of \u3cem\u3eChevron\u3c/em\u3e Deference
No full textFederal administrative agencies have been having a rough time in the Supreme Court, with environmental regulations a particular recent target. And on June 28, 2024, the Court struck an even more significant blow to administrative agencies and the regulations they have promulgated in Loper Bright v. Raimondo and Relentless v. Department of Commerce
Heroes And Villains?
No full textEich’s book is a tour de force. It takes us through six episodes in which the history of political theory and the history of political economy intersect through the topic of money. From Aristotle to Locke and Fichte and then through to Marx and Keynes before a final episode costarring Hayek, Rawls, Habermas, and Walzer, we are treated to a fascinating set of reflections on what money is and should be, each articulated in the face of a particular historical crisis. This approach gives us a new way of thinking about what is salient in the history of political thought, but it also helps us think about the present. Eich hopes to move us beyond narrow debates over the depoliticization of money by insisting that money is always already political even when it announces itself as antipolitical, so that the real question is which conception of political life—which values but also which underlying social theory—we want to be embedded in monetary institutions. In explicitly tethering his patient, detailed historical scholarship to the broader goal of stimulating and invigorating reflection on one of the central issues of our own day, Eich tries to overcome the divide between historical work and contemporary debate
Refreshing The Conversation About Adaptation And Perceived Numerosity: A Reply To Yousif, Clarke And Brannon
No full textYousif et al. (2024) have raised a number of pertinent objections to the idea that number adaptation is a straightforward account of the readily-observable aftereffects that affect perceived numerosity. Their criticisms appear well-motivated, but their particular version of the old-news proposal, involving specific dots, may be insufficiently abstract given that adaptation accumulates. Two new experiments are presented that are meant to buttress their critique by (1) confirming their predictions concerning neutral adaptation, and (2) re-evaluating related claims concerning number vs. density comparisons that have been widely accepted. Present behavioral evidence dissociating effects of adapter size, adapter number and adapter density, supports the idea that density adaptation is implicated as a primary source of most phenomenologically-compelling aftereffects of perceived numerosity. Experiment 2 was preregistered on AsPredicted.org. The pre-registration is available at the following link: https://aspredicted.org/PC7_2ZB. The full raw data sets for the two experiments reported her are available on OSF at the following links: Experiment 1, Experiment 2
The Role Of Declarative And Procedural Learning In Adolescent Emergent Reading
No full textThe majority of reading research takes place in high-income “Minority World” countries where children typically begin learning to read in early childhood. This research, however, does not reflect the experience of many children around the world who learn to read later in childhood or in adolescence. Crucially, children who learn to read later in life may rely on different cognitive systems. Specifically, procedural learning, which supports sequence and pattern learning, reaches maturity around early adolescence, while declarative learning, which supports the arbitrary mapping of form and meaning, continues to develop into adulthood. The declarative/procedural model of learning posits that the role of declarative learning increases as an individual ages, and as it matures, will overlap and compete with typically procedural-supported learning. Therefore, declarative-supported learning may lead to poorer outcomes for older first-time readers. This study examined the potential competition between procedural and declarative learning among emergent readers (n = 88) in rural Cote d’Ivoire, aged 10–16. We examined performance on culturally appropriate declarative and procedural memory tasks, and found that declarative learning competes with procedural learning, such that stronger declarative memory negatively impacts the development of early reading skills. These findings are important for understanding the role of learning systems, and their interaction with age, in supporting literacy development
“You’re A 6… That\u27s Low”: Monoglossic Ideologies, Racism, And Ableism In (Dual Language) Schooling
No full textSpecial education and dual language/bilingual education (DLBE) programs originated to protect educational rights for students with disabilities and multilingual students. However, these structures require categorizing learners through standardized testing, which can reinforce ableist and racist practices. This ethnographic and discourse-analytic study examines educators’ perceptions of fourth-grade students’ language practices within an urban K-8 bilingual program as they inhabit an institutional perceiving subject position. Rooted in critical perspectives on race, language, and disability, findings suggest that all students were subjected to the white normative gaze, highlighting structural oppression in DLBE and special education while exploring implications for urban schooling contexts
Functional Connectivity Of Red Chlorophylls In Cyanobacterial Photosystem I Revealed By Fluence-Dependent Transient Absorption
No full textExternal stressors modulate the oligomerization state of photosystem I (PSI) in cyanobacteria. The number of red chlorophylls (Chls), pigments lower in energy than the P₇₀₀ reaction center, depends on the oligomerization state of PSI. Here, we use ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to interrogate the effective connectivity of the red Chls in excitonic energy pathways in trimeric PSI in native thylakoid membranes of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, including emergent dynamics, as red Chls increase in number and proximity. Fluence-dependent dynamics indicate singlet–singlet annihilation within energetically connected red Chl sites in the PSI antenna but not within bulk Chl sites on the picosecond time scale. These data support picosecond energy transfer between energetically connected red Chl sites as the physical basis of singlet–singlet annihilation. The time scale of this energy transfer is faster than predicted by Förster resonance energy transfer calculations, raising questions about the physical mechanism of the process. Our results indicate distinct strategies to steer excitations through the PSI antenna; the red Chls present a shallow reservoir that direct excitations away from P₇₀₀, extending the time to trapping by the reaction center
Typical Electron-Withdrawing Groups Are \u3cem\u3eortho\u3c/em\u3e, \u3cem\u3emeta\u3c/em\u3e-Directors Rather Than \u3cem\u3emeta\u3c/em\u3e-Directors In Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
No full textElectron-withdrawing groups are traditionally considered meta-directing in aromatic substitution reactions. However, when the pre-existing substituent is a π-acceptor, both experiment and calculation indicate that substantial amounts of ortho as well as meta substitution occur, with very little para reactivity. A simple perturbative MO argument rationalizes this finding. It is therefore suggested that these substituents are best understood as ortho, meta-directors, with a preference for meta, just as electron-donating groups are considered ortho, para-directors, with a preference for para
Politicians As Persuaders: A Field Experiment On Messenger Effects And Social Program Uptake
No full textAccessing public sector programs often involves onerous administrative processes for citizens, which can demotivate program applicants and discourage uptake. In this study, I worked with the Philadelphia Housing Development Corporation (PHDC) to test an intervention to boost uptake of PHDC’s Basic System Repair Program (BSRP) by using local political leaders to persuade citizens to complete the program’s onboarding process. Specifically, I randomly assigned 2,575 BSRP applicants to either receive a motivational mailer from PHDC directly, or from the office of that citizen’s representative on the Philadelphia City Council. While I find that the average response rate for individuals who received councilmember mailers was roughly 2 percentage points higher than for the PHDC mailers, this result is largely driven by the effectiveness of letters sent by one particular councilmember’s office. Furthermore, I find little evidence to suggest that councilmembers are more effective messengers for constituents who share their race or gender, relative to others in their districts. These findings suggest that “messenger effects” can vary significantly case-by-case, and underscore the importance of analyzing heterogeneity when evaluating behavioral interventions