Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Research Information System
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Autophagy-dependent Bidirectional Regulation of EMT by NFκB in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
No full textGiriş: Küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri (KHDAK), dünya genelinde en yaygın akciğer kanseri tipidir. Otofaji ve epitelmezenkimal geçiş (EMT), hücresel homeostazın korunmasında kritik süreçlerdir; bu süreçlerin bozulması, karsinogenezi hızlandırabilir. Nükleer faktör kappa B (NFκB) transkripsiyon faktörü, proliferasyon, hayatta kalma ve gelişimle ilişkili genleri düzenler. Otofaji ile EMT arasındaki etkileşim ve NFκB’nin her iki süreçteki rolü bildirilmiş olsa da NFκB’nin bu iki mekanizmayı birlikte düzenleyip düzenlemediğine dair KHDAK özelinde sınırlı kanıt vardır. Yöntemler: NFκB (p65 alt birimi)’nin, otofaji indüklenmiş ve indüklenmemiş koşullar altında EMT düzenlenmesindeki rolü KHDAK hücre serilerinde araştırıldı. Daha önceki çalışmamızda oluşturulan NFκB aşırı eksprese edilmiş ve baskılanmış KHDAK örnekleri kullanıldı. Hücreler otofaji indüklenmiş veya indüklenmemiş koşullara tabi tutuldu ve EMT ile ilişkili genlerin (pozitif düzenleyiciler: Snail, Slug, N-kaderin ve epitel belirteci E-kaderin) ekspresyon seviyeleri kantitatif gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qRT-PCR) ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Otofaji indüklenmiş koşullarda NFκB aşırı ekspresyonu, EMT’yi teşvik eden genlerde belirgin artışa ve Ekaderin düzeyinde azalmaya yol açtı. Otofaji indüklenmemiş koşullarda ise NFκB aşırı ekspresyonu EMT’yi teşvik eden genleri baskıladı ve E-kaderin düzeyini artırdı. NFκB baskılanması ise ters yönde etkiler gösterdi. Bu sonuçlar, NFκB’nin EMT üzerinde otofaji durumuna bağlı çift yönlü bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar: Önceki çalışmamızda otofajiyi pozitif düzenlediğini gösterdiğimiz NFκB, KHDAK’ta otofaji ile ilişkili bir EMT düzenleyicisi olarak rol oynamaktadır. Otofaji-indüklü koşullarda EMT’yi teşvik ederek ileri evre hastalıkta tümör progresyonu ve metastaza katkıda bulunabilirken, otofaji indüklenmemiş koşullarda epitel özelliklerin korunmasına yardımcı olabilir. NFκB/otofaji/EMTBackground: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer worldwide. Autophagy and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are key processes in maintaining cellular homeostasis; their dysregulation can accelerate carcinogenesis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) transcription factor regulates genes involved in proliferation, survival, and development. Although crosstalk between autophagy and EMT, and NFκB’s involvement in each process, have been reported, evidence for its regulation of both mechanisms together in NSCLC is limited. Methods: We investigated the role of NFκB (p65 subunit) in EMT regulation under autophagy-induced and non-induced conditions in NSCLC cell lines. Previously generated NFκB-overexpressed and -suppressed NSCLC samples from our earlier work were used. Cells were subjected to autophagy-induced or non-induced conditions, and quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess expression levels of EMT-related genes: positive regulators (Snail, Slug, N-cadherin) and the epithelial marker E-cadherin. Results: Under autophagy-induced conditions, NFκB overexpression significantly increased EMT-promoting genes and suppressed E-cadherin. In non-induced conditions, NFκB overexpression suppressed EMT-promoting genes and increased E-cadherin. NFκB suppression produced opposite effects, confirming its regulatory role. These results suggest a bidirectional influence of NFκB on EMT, dependent on autophagic status. Conclusions: NFκB, previously shown by us to positively regulate autophagy, acts as an autophagy-associated EMT regulator in NSCLC. It promotes EMT under autophagy-induced conditions, potentially contributing to progression and metastasis in advanced disease, while under non-induced conditions it may help maintain epithelial characteristics. Targeting the NFκB/autophagy/EMT axis could support the development of personalized NSCLC therapies. </p
Prevalence of Subclinical Pregnancy Toxemia and its Effect on Metabolic Profile of Ewes: A Field Study
No full textThis study investigated the prevalence of subclinical pregnancy toxemia (SPT) in pregnant ewes and its effects on biochemical parameters. A total of 114 pregnant ewes were included in the study, and the animals were classified into two groups: healthy and SPT, based on their serum β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HBA) levels. The findings demonstrated a significant increase in β-HBA levels as pregnancy progressed (first trimester: 0.45 mmol/L; second trimester 0.58 mmol/L; third trimester: 0.74 mmol/L), indicating an elevated risk of pregnancy toxemia in later gestational stages. The most notable difference was observed in triglyceride (TRIG) levels, which significantly increased in the SPT group, reaching 51.1 mg/dL (p < 0.05). Although the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was not changed statistically, large effect size (0.91) indicates an increase tendency of AST in SPT group. Similarly, total bilirubin (TBILC) levels were elevated in the SPT group with moderate effect size (0.61). No significant differences were found between groups in terms of glucose (GLUC), cholesterol (CHOL), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. These results suggest that SPT exhibits a subclinical nature and causes limited hepatic involvement during the early stages. In conclusion, TRIG levels emerge as a potential supportive biomarker in addition to serum β-HBA for the early diagnosis of subclinical pregnancy toxemia. Therefore, routine monitoring of these parameters may be beneficial for the early detection of SPT and for taking preventive measures before the development of clinical symptoms.</jats:p
Machine learning algorithm approaches for predicting body weight in tuis Huacaya alpacas
No full textArap zamkı ile işlenmiş manolya, tik, kızılağaç, ayous ve lotofa ağaçlarının renk özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması
No full textThe effect of gum arabic application on the color parameters of five different wood species - ayous, alder,lotofa, magnolia and teak - was investigated. The results were obtained differently. The most significantdecrease in C* value was found in ayousta (37.11%) and the least increase was found in teak (3.50%). Thered-green color component (a*) increased in all samples, with the highest increase being obtained in ayousta(58.25%) and the lowest increase in magnolia (8.01%). It was noted that the lightness (L*) values decreasedin all wood types, the most significant decrease was observed in lotofa (17.07%) and the least decrease wasobserved in magnolia (4.90%). A general increase was determined in the yellow-blue color component (b*)except for teak, where a slight decrease was recorded (0.29%). Differences were also observed in the colortone angle (h°) parameter; a slight increase (1.16%) was obtained in the experimental group samples ofmagnolia wood, while the most significant decrease (13.62%) was found in the experimental group samplesof lotofa wood.</p
