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Mustafa Kutlu’nun Sır Adlı Öyküsünde Kahramanın Yolculuğu
No full textSon dönem Türk öykücülüğünün öne çıkan isimlerinden olan Mustafa Kutlu ve öyküleri okur ve eleştirmenler tarafından ilgiyle karşılanıp çeşitli çalışmalara konu edilmektedir. Kent ve kasaba insanının ruh hâlini, hayat yolculuğunu, halkın manevi dünyasını, kişilerin masalsı aşklarını öykülerin-de ele alan yazarın birçok eserinde mistisizmin izlerine de rastlanır. Bu öy-külerden biri olan Sır, Anadolu’nun manevi değerlerini, samimi ve erdemli insanlarını, tasavvufun Anadolu’ya has özgün tarafını; toplumun ve bireyin zayıf yönlerini, kalabalık kent hayatını, bazı çıkarlar için dinin politikaya ve kişisel menfaatlere alet edilmesini anlatır. Eserdeki kahramanın (başkişinin), sıra dışı yolculuğu Joseph Campbell’ın monomit kuramıyla paralellik taşı-maktadır. Campbell’ın kuramındaki yola çıkış, erginlenme ve dönüş eylem-leri karakteristik yönleriyle kahramanın hayatında görülür. Onun sürpriz-lerle dolu yolculuğu Anadolu insanının samimi değerleriyle harmanlanarak okura sunulur. Doğaüstü güçlerin yardımıyla planlanan yolculuk, ergin-lenme döneminde kahramanın önüne birçok engel çıkarır. Dinî liderliğin verdiği sorumluluk, farklı gruplardaki insanların beklentileri ve bozulanı onarma çabası, onun erginlenme dönemindeki sınavlar yolunu oluşturur. Kahramanın rüyalarında aldığı mesajlar ve kendini izlemesi neticesinde öze dönüşü gerçekleştirir. Öykünün dönüş kısmı doğaya ve tefekküredir. Sırra ermenin mekânı doğa, yöntemi ise inzivadır. Çalışma, Anadolu’nun semavi ve kültürel kodları, Campbell'ın monomit kuramıyla incelenerek eleştirmen-lere farklı bir okuma sunar.One of the well-known figures in contemporary Turkish short story lit-erature is Mustafa Kutlu, whose works have been the focus of numerous studies as well as positive reviews from readers and critics. The author in-corporates Sufi mysticism into many of his works, which deal with the mood of the city and town people, the journey of life, the spiritual world of the people, and the fairytale loves of the people in diverse stories. One of them, The Secret, talks about Anatolian spiritual values, sincere and moral people, the Anatolian branch of Sufism, the shortcomings of society and the individual, crowded urban life, and the use of religion for political and pri-vate gain. Joseph Campbell’s theory of the monomyth has parallels with the protagonist’s amazing trip in the book. Campbell’s theorys activities of de-parture, maturation, and return are seen in Hero’s life in a typical way. The reader is provided with his unexpected adventure infused with the Anatoli-an people’s faith. When the Hero is coming of age, the trip—which was or-ganized with the aid of supernatural forces—puts him up against numerous challenges. Throughout his adolescence, he faced challenges related to reli-gious leadership, expectations from various social groups, and trying to mend what was damaged. Overcoming these difficulties with the help of mystical powers, the Hero realizes the return to self. The return part of the story is to nature. The place of attaining the secret is nature and the method is seclusion. Analyzing Kutlu’s story The Secret with Campbell’s monomyth theory, a contemporary method of evaluation, will offer a different reading to the reader
Exploring second language writers’ engagement with ChatGPT feedback: Revision behaviors and perceptions
No full textWhile recent research underlines ChatGPT's potential as a second language (L2) writing feedback tool, its effectiveness and role in engaging L2 writers require further investigation. This study explores how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writers engage with ChatGPT feedback by analyzing their revision behaviors and perceptions of its effectiveness in revising their opinion essays. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, the study involved 25 B1-level EFL students from a university in Türkiye. Data were collected through essay drafts, change tracker sheets, a questionnaire, and interviews. The descriptive and thematic analysis of essays, change tracker sheets, and interviews revealed that most content and language feedback was accepted, while organization feedback received mixed engagement of acceptance and rejection. Students were more likely to accept language use feedback than content or organization feedback, often incorporating ChatGPT's revisions directly. For content feedback, the most common revision operations were additions and substitutions while more than a third of the revisions in response to organization feedback involved no corrections. Correction was the most frequent revision operation for language use feedback. Questionnaire and interview analyses further revealed that while ChatGPT feedback was generally well-received and considered beneficial for writing improvement, students faced challenges related to feedback length, specificity, advanced language, and misunderstandings. This study provides valuable insights into how EFL students interact with ChatGPT-generated feedback, highlighting both its potential to support L2 writing development and the challenges that may limit its effectiveness
The effect of protocatechuic acid on nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats
No full textGentamicin (GM) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic widely used to treat gram-negative infections. Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA), which is believed to have antioxidant properties, on nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin. For this purpose, 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (oral physiological saline), PCA (20 mg/kg orally), GM (80 mg/kg/day/i.p.), GM+PCA (80 mg/kg/day/i.p. GM and 20 mg/kg PCA orally). The sampling period was eight days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and kidney samples for immunohistochemical and histopathological examination. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, Na, K and Cl were measured using an autoanalyzer, while analyses of malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), gutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were analyzed by ELISA. While the values of urea (p<0.001), creatinine (p<0.001), MDA (p<0.05) and AOPP (p<0.05) decreased in the GM+PCA group compared to the GM group, the values of GSH (p<0.05) and GPx activity (p<0.05) increased. In conclusion, in GM-induced nephrotoxicity, PCA prevented lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, increased GSH levels and GPx activity, and reduced tubular epithelial necrosis, glomerular atrophy, 8-OHdG and Kim-1 expression in renal cells, according to histopathological and immunohistochemical results. This study once again highlighted that PCA is a good antioxidant, and it can be said that PCA has a protective effect against nephrotoxicity caused by GM
Topraktan İzole Edilen Blepharisma hyalinum Perty, 1849 (Ciliophora, Heterotrichida) Türünün Morfolojisi ve Moleküler Filogenisi
No full textBu çalışmada Tekirdağ (Türkiye) topraklarından hazırlanan kültürlerde birbiri ardınca ortaya çıkan iki Blepharisma popülasyonu gözlendi. Bu popülasyonlara ait hücre ve kistler morfolojik ve morfometrik olarak incelenmiş ve SSU rDNA gen dizisine dayanarak filogenetik konumları belirlenmiştir. Her iki popülasyon da morfometrik olarak birbirine çok benzerdi, ancak toprak kültürlerinde gözlenen ilk popülasyon olan popülasyon 1, esnek olmayan ve sert olan piriform biçime sahipken, popülasyon 1'in kaybolmasının ardından gözlenen popülasyon 2 ise, esnek, kırılgan, mızrak biçimindedir. Ayrıca, her iki popülasyonun hücre genişliği/uzunluğu oranlarının istatistiksel olarak birbirinden farklı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte, her iki popülasyonun SSU rDNA nükleotid dizileri birbirlerine ve daha önce tanımlanan diğer B. hyalinum popülasyonlarına çok benzediğinden, bu çalışmada gözlemlenen Blepharisma popülasyonlarının B. hyalinum'un morfotipleri olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Gözlenen morfolojik farkların çevresel faktörlere ve kültürlerdeki hücrelerin farklı yaşam evrelerinden kaynaklanabileceği varsayılmıştır.Blepharisma popülasyonlarının SSU rDNA nükleotid dizilerinin karşılaştırılması ve filogenetik analizler bazı farklı türlere ait nükleotid dizilerinin aynı ya da çok benzer olduklarını göstermiştir. Bu kaotik durumun açıklığa kavuşturulması için Blepharisma popülasyonları üzerinde ayrıntılı morfolojik incelemelere dayalı çok sayıda moleküler veriye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.In this study, two successive populations of Blepharisma were observed in cultures prepared from soil samples collected from Tekirdağ (Türkiye). The cells and cysts belonging to these populations were examined morphologically and morphometrically, and their phylogenetic positions were determined based on SSU rDNA gene sequences. Both populations were morphometrically very similar to each other, but population 1, the initial population observed in soil cultures, had a pyriform body that was inflexible and rigid while population 2, observed subsequent to the disappearance of population 1, exhibited a flexible, fragile, lanceolate body. In addition, the cell width/length ratios of both populations were found to be statistically different from each other. However, since the SSU rDNA nucleotide sequences of both populations are very similar to each other and to other B. hyalinum populations described previously, it is concluded that the observed Blepharisma populations represent different morphotypes of B. hyalinum. It has been hypothesised that the observed morphological differences may result from diet, environmental factors, and variations in the life stages of the cultured cells. Comparison of SSU rDNA nucleotide sequences of Blepharisma populations and phylogenetic analyses showed that the nucleotide sequences of some different species are identical or very similar. To clarify this chaotic situation, extensive molecular data based on detailed morphological studies on Blepharisma populations are necessary
Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi (1923-1940) Sanayileşme ve Modernleşme Projeleri: Şeker Fabrikalarının Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Sosyo-Mekânsal Etkileri
No full textOltu ve Narman (Erzurum-Türkiye) Yöresinde Belirlenen Bazı Makrofunguslar
No full textBu çalışma, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında Oltu ve Narman (Erzurum) ilçe sınırları içerisinde toplanan makrofungus örneklerini rapor etmektedir. Arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sonucunda 198 tür belirlenmiştir. Bölgede tespit edilen türler 5 sınıf, 12 takım, 52 familya ve 103 cins içerisinde dağılım göstermektedir. Belirlenen türlerin 187 tanesi araştırma alanı için yenidir. Türler habitat, lokalite ve yenilebilirlik durumları ile birlikte liste halinde sunulmuştur.This study reports on macrofungus samples collected within the borders of Oltu and Narman (Erzurum) districts in 2018 and 2019. As a result of field and laboratory studies, 198 species were identified. The species identified in the region are distributed in 5 classes, 12 orders, 52 families, and 103 genera. 187 of the identified species are new to the research area. The species are listed with their habitat, locality, and edibility status
Hypnobreastfeedjng: Subconscjous Support for the Natural Breastfeedjng Process
No full textABSTRACTVarious healthcare organizations emphasize that breastfeeding should begin within the first hour afterbirth, that the baby should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months, and that breastfeeding shouldcontinue until the age of two. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the hypnobreastfeedingmethod on the bond between mother and baby, the breastfeeding process, and milk production. Breastmilk is crucial during the first years of life; however, the breastfeeding process may be disrupted due tostress, physical discomfort, and environmental factors. Babies need time and practice to adapt to thesucking process and to make it a habit, as it is instinctive for them. Similarly, mothers also need to getused to the breastfeeding process and improve it through practice. Although there are educationalprograms and counseling available worldwide and in our country to improve breastfeeding skills,breastfeeding rates are still not at the expected level. There are many non-pharmacological methods toimprove the breastfeeding process by increasing lactation. Among these methods, Hypnobreastfeedinghas gained significant attention in recent years, and its usage rate has increased. In the modern world,the need for guidance for mothers to focus on their instincts has increased the popularity of this method.Hypnobreastfeeding aims to provide subconscious support to the mother through positive affirmations.In this process, the mother gets to know her body and baby and can continue breastfeeding withmindfulness and compassion. During hypnobreastfeeding, mental relaxation is achieved, stresshormones are reduced, and the secretion of oxytocin and prolactin hormones increases, supporting milkproduction. Additionally, hypnosis reduces blood pressure and heart rate, promoting relaxation. Studieshave shown that hypnobreastfeeding positively affects breastfeeding success and prolongs the durationof breastfeeding. In this context, it is suggested that the integration of hypnosis techniques into thebreastfeeding process may enhance milk production, make the breastfeeding experience morecomfortable and efficient, and reduce stress and anxiety experienced during this period, therebystrengthening the mother-infant bond.Keywords: Breastfeeding, Hypnobreastfeeding, Lactation</p
