Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
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Equity and sustainability in water-based ecotourism: An environmental justice perspective
No full textBackground: Water-based ecotourism is increasingly promoted as a pathway for sustainable local development, particularly in environmentally sensitive areas such as karst ecosystems. However, tourism expansion often prioritizes economic growth over ecological responsibility and moral accountability toward non-human nature. This study examines Paisupok Mirror Lake in the Banggai Islands as a case to explore how environmental justice in water-based ecotourism can be reframed through an eco-ethical perspective integrating social, ecological, and economic dimensions. Methods: The research employs a qualitative interpretive approach. It synthesizes secondary data from environmental assessments, policy documents, and previous field reports, complemented by primary insights from prior academic studies on Paisupok’s socio-environmental conditions. The analysis is theoretically grounded in deep ecology and Levinasian ethics of responsibility to reinterpret environmental justice within tourism governance. Findings: The study identifies three interconnected dimensions of environmental justice: distributive justice (equitable access to natural resources), participatory justice (meaningful involvement of local communities in tourism planning), and recognition justice (moral acknowledgment of ecological interdependence). The findings indicate that current tourism practices risk marginalizing ecological integrity unless ethical responsibility is embedded in governance frameworks. Conclusion: Sustainable water-based ecotourism requires a shift from purely economic orientation toward an eco-ethical governance model. Embedding moral responsibility within tourism planning is essential to safeguard the long-term resilience of fragile karst ecosystems and local community well-being. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study offers a novel conceptual synthesis by integrating deep ecology and environmental justice theory to formulate an Eco-Justice Tourism Framework. It advances ecotourism discourse by repositioning tourism not merely as an economic strategy but as an ethical practice grounded in ecological responsibility and social justice, particularly within developing and ecologically fragile contexts
Flood-prone settlements and mosquito habitat risk: An integrated field survey and spatial mapping
No full textBackground: Flood-prone areas present significant public health challenges, particularly in urbanized regions where inadequate drainage systems and water stagnation create ideal breeding grounds for disease vectors such as mosquitoes. This study investigates the relationship between flood risks and mosquito habitat proliferation in Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: By combining a comprehensive field survey with Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial mapping, the study aimed to identify environmental and infrastructural factors contributing to mosquito breeding, particularly Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for dengue and Zika virus. Findings: The results revealed that areas with poorly managed drainage systems and stagnant water were high-risk zones for mosquito breeding, correlating with increased mosquito densities and higher disease transmission potential. The study also found that rapid urbanization, combined with insufficient waste management, further exacerbates the risk by providing numerous breeding sites for mosquitoes. The findings support global observations that similar challenges in other tropical regions, including Brazil and Indonesia, contribute to the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Conclusion: This research highlights the critical role of environmental infrastructure in controlling vector-borne diseases and emphasizes the need for improved urban planning, integrated vector control strategies—including better drainage infrastructure, community education, and regular sanitation practices—to reduce mosquito breeding sites. Overall, it provides valuable insights for local authorities and public health organizations, offering a framework for targeted interventions in flood-prone areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in combining GIS spatial mapping with field surveys to directly link flood-prone urban infrastructure and environmental factors to mosquito habitat proliferation, providing a framework for targeted, location-specific public health interventions
Direction of infrastructure concept based on resilient city in urban area
No full textBackground: Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods frequently affect Indonesia, worsened by its location on the Ring of Fire and climate change. Bulukumba Regency is historically vulnerable to such hazards. To address this, the “Resilient City” concept focuses on a city’s ability to cope with disaster risks while maintaining social, economic, and environmental stability. Resilient infrastructure is a key component, ensuring long-term functionality and durability. Methods: This study applied a mixed quantitative, qualitative, and spatial approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using scoring, GIS mapping, and the qualitative 4R framework (Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, Rapidity) to assess urban resilience. Findings: The study found that the urban area exhibits a low level of resilience. The infrastructure concept for improvement emphasizes resilient design with durable materials, strong structural standards, periodic inspections, and strict construction quality. Backup systems, alternative infrastructure, and additional evacuation routes are planned to maintain functionality during disasters. Community capacity is strengthened through disaster management knowledge, skill development, cooperation networks, and technology utilization to improve response efficiency. Advanced early warning systems, comprehensive evacuation plans, and accessible emergency response infrastructure and documents are also recommended to accelerate response and recovery. Conclusion: Implementing the 4R approach is expected to enhance infrastructure resilience and increase overall urban resilience to multiple disaster types. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces a resilient city-based infrastructure framework grounded in the 4R approach, integrating the latest methods and in-depth analysis to guide disaster-resilient urban planning
The impact of agglomeration to spatial configuration in industrial zone
No full textBackground: Bantaeng Industrial Area (KIBA) is an industrialization area located in the Pa’jukukang District. There are 6 smelter industry companies and 5 other companies that are concentrated in one area. The KIBA settlement is characterized by an increasingly expanding industrial development and a penetration towards community settlements, which increases space capacity and eventually forms a spatial agglomeration. This study aims to analyze the impact of KIBA agglomeration on the development of spatial configuration. Methods: The study uses tools of space tendency analysis, double regression analysis, and qualitative descriptive analysis to deduce the occurrence of the phenomenon. Findings: The results describe the formation of an agglomeration integrated from spatial style, site style, situational style, and evolutionary style, forming a linear-oriented morphology of the agglomeration following the road network with industry as CBD. Double regression tests show the presence of uncompact chained cities influenced by population, labor force, land value, wage rates, corporate size, transportation, and government policies. The Bantaeng Industrial Area agglomeration emits centrifugal and centripetal forces, forming a semi-concentric zone structure consisting of: a) industrial zone (CBD), b) second zone as transition zone (trade), c) third zone as working-class settlement, d) fourth zone as educational zone, e) fifth zone as middle-class settlement, and f) sixth zone as agricultural zone. Conclusion: The agglomeration of the Bantaeng Industrial Area has influenced urban morphology, with increasing industrial activity making it more complex and dynamic, forming six semi-concentric zones. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in emphasizing the centrifugal and centripetal spatial development style of the Bantaeng Industrial Area agglomeration, integrating economic, social, and political conditions with advanced spatial analysis methods
Climate smart disaster risk reduction: Indigenous knowledge practiced for early warning in Coastal Bangladesh
Get PDFBackground: The coastal region of Bangladesh faces severe vulnerability to climate change and climate-induced natural disasters annually. Inhabitants in these areas have developed a wealth of indigenous knowledge over generations, comprising techniques to mitigate the impact of these disasters. This study, conducted in Dashmina Upazila within the Patuakhali District of the southern coastal region of Bangladesh, aimed to identify, evaluate, and scale up existing indigenous knowledge practices for early warning in Climate Smart Disaster Risk Reduction. Methods: Information was gathered through various methods such as direct observations, key informant interviews, group discussions, case studies, and a comprehensive literature review. There are 14 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and communal meetings; 16 Key Informant Interviews (KII) and 5 case histories were conducted. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 for descriptive qualitative analysis, and a SWOT analysis was employed to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of these practices. Findings: The study revealed several indigenous indicators for early warning, including the observation that ants climbing into houses with stored food signify imminent heavy rainfall, excessive frog barking indicating forthcoming heavy rain, the belief that crows soar high into the sky to summon rain, a combination of heavy clouds with strong wind suggesting little or no rainfall, muddy river waters signaling potential large floods or storm surges, peculiar crowing sounds at night predicting cyclones, and the occurrence of hot winds from specific directions along with black clouds hinting at imminent norwesters. Conclusion: The study strongly recommends integrating this indigenous knowledge into decision-making processes for developing disaster risk reduction strategies and incorporating them into future development projects within the region. The study faces recall bias, the study has a single-district scope, and it lacks quantitative validation. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research is novel because it systematically documents the indigenous early-warning knowledge of coastal communities in Dashmina Upazila, Bangladesh knowledge that has rarely recorded or scientifically analyzed and invisible to outsiders. It uniquely integrates these traditional cues with modern disaster-risk-reduction perspectives, offering new insights for community-based early warning systems
Community empowerment through penta helix collaboration in infrastructure-impacted areas
No full textBackground: The development of Dhoho International Airport in Kediri Regency represents a strategic government effort to stimulate regional economic growth. Initiated by the private sector through PT SDHI, a subsidiary of PT Gudang Garam, the project has faced challenges from local communities regarding housing and livelihoods. Beyond social shifts, the airport’s operation is expected to trigger broader transformations in education, culture, and economics, necessitating rapid community adaptation. This study aims to analyze the post-development impact on local residents. Methods: This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach grounded in Penta Helix theory, utilizing purposive and snowball sampling for data collection. Findings: The study identifies distinct roles for Penta Helix actors—government as regulators, academics as knowledge providers, private sectors as job creators, media as educators, and civil society as mediators. Strategic planning revealed that community empowerment must integrate local traditions with modern vocational training to optimize economic opportunities. Conclusion: Effective empowerment requires synchronized collaboration where the government acts as the primary controller and policymaker to ensure sustainable welfare. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research provides a localized strategic framework for community empowerment in airport-affected areas, specifically using the Penta Helix model integrated with SWOT-based survey validation
Correlation analysis of the achievements of the five-pillar community-based total sanitation program and its indicators with trends in diarrhea
No full textBackground: Diarrhea is a public health problem that remains a serious concern worldwide, including in Indonesia. Diarrhea can affect all age groups, both children and adults, but toddlers are the most vulnerable to this disease due to children's immature immune systems and their dependence on parents for personal and environmental hygiene. According to data from the Semarang City Health Office in 2023, the number of diarrhea cases showed a fluctuating trend from 2016 to 2023. In 2018, there were 50,021 cases recorded, decreasing to 21,765 cases in 2021, but increasing again to 36,534 cases in 2023, where 29.1% were cases in toddlers. This data indicates that children are still the most vulnerable group to diarrheal disease. Method: This study used a comparative descriptive design with secondary data. The data collection technique uses data sources derived from the Semarang City Health Office profile which includes 5 community-based total sanitation Pillars (Pillar 1: SBS, Pillar 2: CTPS, Pillar 3: PAMMRT, Pillar 4: PSRT, Pillar 5: PLCRT) as well as additional indicators (PKURT and Access to Healthy Homes) from 37 Community Health Centers and 16 Districts. Data is presented as a percentage of households from a total of 552,978 households, while data on total and toddler diarrhea cases (2018–2023) are presented in the form of bar charts. Finding: The achievement of community-based total sanitation in Pillar 1 (Stop Open Defecation) has reached 100%. This is followed by Pillar 2 (CTPS) at 94.02%, Pillar 3 (PAMM-RT) at 92.97%, Pillar 4 (PSRT) at 89.08%, and the lowest, Pillar 5 (PLCRT) at 88.50%. Additional indicators on Access to Healthy Homes reached 91.79%, while Household Air Quality Management (PKURT) had the lowest achievement at 67.2%. In 2018, diarrhea cases peaked at 50,021, drastically decreased in 2021 to 21,765, and then toddler diarrhea cases reached an average of around 27% to 35% of the total cases. Conclusion: The community-based total sanitation achievement in Semarang City shows that pillar 1 (SBS) has successfully reached 100% and is followed by pillar 2 (CTPS) and pillar 5 (PLCRT) which stopped the potential for control in diarrhea cases (especially seen in the 2020-2021 period). However, there was an increase in diarrhea cases in 2022-2023 followed by behavior in pillar 4 (PSRT) and additional indicators still being the weakest link in environmental-based disease prevention efforts. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research is a study that is still rarely conducted from previous research. This study includes the achievement of the five community-based total sanitation pillars and additional indicators with long-term diarrhea case trends starting from 2016–2023 and identifies the influence of behavioral and spatial factors (between health centers) on disease closure
Smart candy as a salivary pH indicator for early detection of dental caries risk in children with family-based preventive approach: A literature review
Get PDFBackground: Dental caries is a multifactorial pathological condition and highly prevalent non-communicable disease, particularly in children, with significant impacts on health and quality of life. Early detection remains challenging due to invasive, clinic-based methods that are often inaccessible to children. This literature review aims to explore the potential of smart candy as a salivary pH indicator combined with a family-based preventive, offering a child-friendly and community-based strategy to support early caries prevention in alignment with national and global oral health goals. Methods: This study utilized a literature review method with the keywords “dental caries in children”, “family-based preventive”, and “smart candy [MeSH]” to explore databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and NCBI. Inclusion criteria included in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, cohort studies, comparative analysis studies, and reviews published in the last 10 years. Exclusion criteria included incomplete studies, inaccessible papers, and non-English or Indonesian texts. Based on these criteria, 50 references were selected including journals and books for review. Findings: Smart candy has shown the effectiveness as salivary pH-indicator tool that facilitates early detection of dental caries risk by providing real-time visual cues based on salivary pH changes. When integrated with a family-based approach, it helps overcome psychosocial barriers and improves adherence to preventive oral health behaviors in children. Conclusion: Smart candy is a child-friendly innovation that detects early dental caries through salivary pH-based visual cues, supporting preventive care and empowering families, especially in underserved areas. Despite challenges like regulation and supervision, government-backed community integration could boost its impact and support national and global oral health goals. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study explores smart candy as a child-friendly innovation for early caries detection. Combined with family-based prevention, it offers a new approach to reduce dental caries in children
METAPREV: Holistic empowerment program for nursing homes integrated with a website to reduce metabolic syndrome in the elderly
No full textBackground: Panti Werdha Hargo Dedali Surabaya is a social welfare institution for the elderly established in 1987, located at Jalan Manyar Kartika IX, Sukolilo, Surabaya, East Java. The institution faces serious challenges, where the initial screening of 29 elderly residents revealed a high incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) indicators, aggravated by the absence of a structured program supporting a healthy lifestyle. Methods: Its implementation methodology utilizes the CBPR approach, comprising: 1) Coordination with partners, 2) Validation of partner need, 3) Creation of intervention media, 4) Activity implementation, and 5) Evaluation and cadres. Findings: The results of the Metaprev program are highly significant: the elderly experienced an improvement in health categories, with an increase in MS knowledge (93%) and TOGA processing skills (98%), alongside the establishment of new routine exercises and yoga. The Metaprev Website now functions optimally as a user-friendly monitoring tool. Sustainability is ensured through the formation of 7 Meta SEHAT Cadres. Conclusion: The Metaprev program successfully reduced the risk of metabolic syndrome and empowered older adults through integrated health education, digital monitoring, and sustainability led by healthcare professionals. This comprehensive approach provides a replicable and effective model for improving geriatric preventive care and promoting healthy aging in social welfare institutions. Novelty/Originality of this article: Metaprev is proven effective in significantly improving the healthy lifestyle and reducing the rate of Metabolic Syndrome
From love to wound: Domestic violence and the forfeiture of parental rights
No full textBackground: This paper aims to investigate the juridical foundation and the ethical reasoning behind the termination of parental rights due to domestic violence, using the best interest of the child as its compass, and mapping the disparity between legal norms and judicial practice. The method employed is normative-doctrinal legal research based on a literature study of the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence, the Marriage Law, the Child Protection Law, selected jurisprudence, and scholarly literature. Methods: The data were analyzed qualitatively through systematic interpretation, argumentative construction, and linkage to the factual impact of domestic violence on children. Findings: The results indicate that positive law provides a firm basis for sanctions and protection, including the restriction of interaction and the termination of custody rights. However, implementation is often hampered by the ambiguity in proving psychological abuse, the victim's economic dependence, and the weak enforcement of child support. Effective termination of parental rights is shown to break the cycle only when accompanied by a protection order, a post-judgment parenting plan, and sustained psychosocial support. Conclusion: Policy implications encompass guidelines for proving coercive control, expanding access to time-sensitive protection orders, integrating trauma-informed services within religious courts, and establishing child support enforcement mechanisms that do not burden the victim. Novelty/Originality of this article: Furthermore, schools, public health centers, and communities are highlighted as critical nodes for early detection. Ultimately, the work of law and the social network converge on one simple goal: ensuring that the home once again signifies a safe place of return for the child