Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
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Morphogenetic and molecular insights into coastal crab species: Implications for mangrove biodiversity and conservation
No full textBackground: There are crab species that live in sandy, rocky and muddy coastal areas. One of the locations with these characteristics is Tabongo Village, Dulupi District, Boalemo Regency, this location has a lot of crab species diversity that has not been well confirmed. Identification of crab species was carried out by morphological and genetic characterization of crab species suspected to be Baptozius vinosus and Ocypode ceratophthalmus. This study aims to characterize the morphological and molecular characteristics of both species to understand their variations and phylogenetic relationships. Methods: Sampling used a handpicking method with purposive sampling to select individuals that have similar characters to the target species. Samples were then analyzed through DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing, and measurement of environmental data (temperature, salinity, pH). Findings: 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment results showed the nucleotide length of B. vinosus 568 bp and O. ceratophthalmus 567 bp. BLAST analysis showed 99.81% similarity between the O. ceratophthalmus specimen and the reference sequence (LC150355.1). Genetic distance analysis showed the closeness of the specimen to the population in Pakistan based on the Neighbor-Joining method (Kimura 2-parameter, bootstrap 1000 times). However, the phylogeny of B. vinosus could not be constructed due to limited sequence data. Conclusion: This study shows that morphogenetic characterization and molecular analysis can reveal the variation and phylogenetic relationships of coastal crab species. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study provides insights into the morphogenetic characterization of coastal crabs and its implications for conservation and biodiversity of mangrove ecosystems
Land cover change analysis based on spectral indices and deep learning convolutional neural network model
No full textBackground: Coastal zones are undergoing rapid land cover changes due to urban development, land reclamation, and environmental degradation, threatening ecological stability and sustainable coastal management. This study investigates land cover changes in the coastal districts of Tangerang Regency, Indonesia, from 2020 to 2024 using an integrated remote sensing and deep learning approach. Methods: Three spectral indices—Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI)—were applied to Sentinel-2A imagery to monitor vegetation, water bodies, and built-up areas. Additionally, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was trained to enhance classification accuracy. Findings: The results showed a sharp decline in vegetated areas from 195.91 km² in 2020 to 118.32 km² in 2023, followed by a partial recovery to 157.81 km² in 2024. Water bodies consistently decreased from 122.35 km² in 2020 to 110.62 km² in 2024, suggesting intensified coastal modifications. Built-up areas displayed fluctuating patterns, with a peak of 8.88 km² in 2021 and a significant drop to 1.01 km² in 2024. The CNN model achieved a 60% validation accuracy, indicating its capacity to detect complex land cover features, despite challenges related to data imbalance and class similarity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that combining spectral indices and deep learning provides a robust framework for detecting and analyzing coastal land cover change. The findings highlight the need for integrated methods in environmental monitoring and support sustainable planning efforts in dynamic coastal regions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely integrates spectral indices with deep learning to accurately detect and analyze dynamic coastal land cover changes, providing a robust tool for sustainable coastal management
Smart biogas: An independent energy system based on organic waste integrated with IoT
Get PDFBackground: Indonesia faces substantial challenges in waste management, as most organic waste remains untreated. A similar situation occurs in Kendari City, which generates approximately 253 tons of waste per day, the majority of which consists of organic materials. This condition reflects the untapped potential of renewable energy derived from organic waste, thereby necessitating the development of an effective system to address these issues comprehensively. Methods: This study employed a descriptive research method with a case study approach. The data analyzed encompassed the volume and composition of organic waste in Kendari City. The findings served as the foundation for designing a Smart Biogas system integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT). The system incorporates sensors to monitor temperature, pressure, and methane concentration in real time and is connected to an application that enables remote monitoring and control. Findings: The study revealed that the potential biogas production from organic waste in Kendari City could reach approximately 5,650 m³ per day. This volume demonstrates significant potential to meet a portion of the local energy demand. By adopting a communal-based system design, the utilization of biogas can be optimized, particularly to support energy needs at the sub-district level. Conclusion: The results indicate that the implementation of the Smart Biogas system can not only reduce the volume of organic waste but also provide a sustainable energy independence solution. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the development of a Smart Biogas system integrated with IoT technology, specifically designed for communal-scale applications. The system enables real-time monitoring of the fermentation process through temperature, pressure, and methane sensors, with remote access facilitated by an integrated application. This approach ensures that organic waste is not only effectively managed but also converted into renewable energy, thereby supporting local energy independence
Art, inscriptions, and sacred space: A survey of Śaiva traditions in Southeast Asia
Get PDFBackground: The spread of Śaiva dharma in Southeast Asia is a vital chapter in the history of cross-cultural religious and political exchange between India and the wider region. This article traces the transmission of Śaiva ideas, rituals, and temple culture to the regions such as present-day Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and also includes examples from Laos, focusing on archaeological, inscriptional, and iconographic evidence. It investigates the royal patronage of Śaiva dharma, the regional adaptations of Indian forms, and the development of indigenous expressions of Śaiva worship. Methods: This paper is based on textual analysis, visual study of temple architecture, and secondary sources. Finding: The findings show that Śaiva practices were not simply imported from India but gradually integrated into local contexts through dynamic processes of reinterpretation, royal sponsorship, and ritual localisation. The study undertakes a regional survey of the spread and localisation of Śaiva dharma across Southeast Asia, drawing on epigraphic, architectural, and textual evidence. Conclusion: This study concludes that the spread of Śaiva dharma in Southeast Asia was not a one-way transmission from India, but a process of selective adoption, creative adaptation, and localisation. By examining evidence from Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Laos, the research highlights how Śaiva traditions became deeply intertwined with local political authority, artistic production, and ritual life, producing uniquely regional forms of Śaiva practice that endured for centuries. Novelty/Originality of this article: The originality of this article lies in its comparative regional approach, which integrates epigraphic, iconographic, and architectural evidence to show how Śaiva dharma was reinterpreted within diverse Southeast Asian cultural settings
Embodying the divine in Bali gender, ritual authority, and the politics of representation in Hindu
Get PDFBackground: This article examines how women's bodies serve as a medium for divine power, or Śakti (transcendent feminine power), in Balinese Hindu rituals, to explain the articulation of religious authority and gender representation within patriarchal customary structures. Conceptually, this study draws on literature concerning ritual embodiment, religion as material practice, and community-based gender activism, which shows that religious authority arises from the performativity of sanctity embedded in social relations. Methods: The methods used include religious ethnography with participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and the documentation of rituals performed by female leaders such as Jero Mangku Istri and Jero Balian, as well as an in-depth case study of a female priest who her community has recognized since childhood as a medium for the goddess Danu. Finding: Women are not merely ritual performers but key actors who materialize and mediate the divine through movement, voice, and spiritual service; their authority is often not formally institutionalized but gains spiritual and symbolic legitimacy through communal recognition. These results align with the framework of ritual and material religion: transcendent experiences, the performativity of sanctity, and social networks work together to shape women's religious authority despite structural male domination. Conclusion: In conclusion, women's bodies become a field of negotiation between the sacred and the profane as well as a source of effective religious authority at the practical level. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in its empirical demonstration of how women's bodies as mediums of Śakti generate community-recognized authority despite not being formalized, as well as in its integration of religious ethnography with the framework of materialization and religion to map the dynamics of gender and power in contemporary Balinese Hinduism
Discovering the potential of renewable energy from palm oil mill effluent: Environmental impacts, opportunities, and challenges in the development of biogas and bio-cng
Get PDFBackground: Indonesia, as the largest palm oil-producing country in the world, will also produce palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME production from palm oil processing is faced with many environmental problems from the release of emissions. The development of new renewable energy in Indonesia needs to be increased to reduce dependence on fossil energy and commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study is to discuss the potential for new renewable energy from the utilization of POME biogas energy and how the environmental impacts are caused as well as the opportunities and challenges of developing EBT from POME. Methods: This research analysis method is LCA, and descriptive. Findings: Total CO2 emission (eq) of biogas production from POME is -24.62 Kg CO2 (eq), eutrophication is -0.2188 Kg PO43- (eq) and acidification is 0.00552 Kg SO2 (eq). Biogas production from POME in Jambi Province is not optimal and has not been used optimally, the process efficiency is low, and the profitability is low. Conclusion: There is a need for a concept to utilize biogas energy that does not only focus on electrical energy but also as a renewable energy source such as bio-CNG which has wider use. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the utilization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as a renewable energy source that is not only limited to electrical energy but also includes the potential conversion of POME into bio-CNG as a more flexible and sustainable alternative
Impact of factors influencing capital structure: An analysis of the literature on public companies in emerging markets
Get PDFBackground: Capital structure is an important element in corporate financial management, especially for public companies in emerging markets. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence capital structure with a qualitative approach, using data from the financial statements of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Methods: Through content analysis and synthesis of findings from various sources, this study identifies key themes relating to profitability, firm size, liquidity, and asset structure as determinants in financing decision-making. Findings: The results suggest that firms in emerging markets should consider the balance between debt and equity to maximize value and financial stability. Trade-off and Pecking Order theories become the foundation for understanding how firms can achieve an optimal capital structure. Conclusion: The selection of the proper capital structure affects not only the performance and value of the company but also its competitiveness in a dynamic market. Novelty/Originality of the Article: This study is expected to make a significant contribution to the literature on capital structure and financial management, as well as provide practical recommendations for companies in making better financing decisions
Repurposing the past: Sarnies as the economic power of heritage in Bangkok
Get PDFBackground: The adaptive reuse of heritage buildings has emerged as a sustainable strategy for urban development, harmonizing historical preservation with modern functionality. This paper examines the transformation of Sarnies Bangkok, a 150-year-old former boat repair shop, into a thriving café, and its role as a driver of urban regeneration in Bangkok’s historic Old Town. Situated near the Chao Phraya River and Charoen Krung Road, the site leverages its rich historical and cultural significance to enhance urban identity, foster community engagement, and stimulate local economic growth. Methods: Using a qualitative research framework, the study employs architectural analysis and a review of relevant conservation practices to assess the socio-economic and cultural impacts of the project. Findings: The findings reveal that Sarnies Bangkok not only preserves the site’s architectural and historical integrity but also catalyzes heritage tourism, creates local employment opportunities, and strengthens the community’s cultural connection to the space. By employing sustainable design practices, the project mitigates environmental impact while maximizing cultural and economic benefits. Conclusion: This study concludes that adaptive reuse, as exemplified by Sarnies Bangkok, represents a replicable model for sustainable urban renewal. By integrating inclusive strategies, such projects can balance the risk of gentrification with the need for economic revitalization and cultural preservation, offering valuable insights for future urban development initiatives in rapidly modernizing cities. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article introduces a novel approach to adaptive reuse by highlighting the integration of minimal intervention, sustainability, and community engagement in the transformation of Sarnies Bangkok, a 150-year-old boat repair shop, into a thriving café. By contextualizing the project within Bangkok’s socio-economic and urban evolution, it provides a replicable framework for balancing heritage preservation with modern urban demands, offering fresh insights for sustainable urban regeneration
Implementation of sustainable business model in mini martabak business innovation
Get PDFBackground: The sustainable business model of mini martabak has emerged as an innovation in the culinary industry that emphasizes sustainable principles to create unique added value and attract wider consumer interest. This study aims to discuss the application of the Sustainable Business Model to the mini martabak business, as well as its impact on local economic development and environmental preservation. Method: This study used descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. This study focuses on an in-depth analysis of the implementation of sustainable business models applied by mini martabak business actors. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with business owners, direct observation of operational activities, and documentation studies on relevant business model theories. Findings: The results of this study indicate that the use of local raw materials, waste reduction, and the application of environmentally friendly practices in creating added value for consumers. In addition, strategies that prioritize awareness of sustainability have also succeeded in attracting the attention of consumers who care more about the environment. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the importance for business actors to continue to innovate and maintain product quality so that sustainable business models can succeed and grow in the long term. Novelty/Originality of this article: The study highlights the innovation of applying a sustainable business model to the mini martabak industry, emphasizing environmental awareness and local economic impact as key differentiators
Assessing the impact of freewriting and peer editing techniques on writing skills: An experimental study on personal recount texts in the context of education
Get PDFBackground: Writing plays a crucial role in helping students communicate their ideas in various situations. However, tenth-grade students at SMA N 1 Wanadadi face challenges in writing, such as a lack of vocabulary and difficulties understanding grammar and text structure. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Free Writing and Peer-Editing techniques in improving students' ability to write personal recount texts. Methods: This research utilized an experimental design with a quantitative approach. The population consisted of 360 tenth-grade students at SMA N 1 Wanadadi, with XA class as the experimental group and XB class as the control group. Data were collected using pretests and post-tests in written form. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Findings: The results of the t-test showed that t count (6.319) was greater than the t value (2.030), and the significance (Sig = 0.000) was less than 0.050. This indicates that the Null Hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, proving that Free Writing and Peer-Editing techniques effectively enhance students' ability to write personal recount texts. Conclusion: The use of Free Writing and Peer-Editing techniques is effective in improving the tenth-grade students' ability to write personal recount texts at SMA N 1 Wanadadi Banjarnegara. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study contributes to the body of knowledge by demonstrating the effectiveness of Free Writing and Peer-Editing techniques in a high school setting, specifically for students struggling with writing personal recount texts. The combination of these two techniques offers a practical approach to enhancing writing skills in a classroom where students face language-related difficulties