Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
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Pollution absorbtion of green open space: A comparative review between Singapore and Jakarta urban areas
Get PDFBackground: Rapid urbanization has significantly increased industrial activity, transportation, and energy use in cities, increasing air pollution. In addition to having a detrimental effect on the ecosystem, air pollution raises the risk of heart disease, respiratory conditions, and early mortality. Green open space is seen as a natural way to lower air pollution because of the vegetation's capacity to absorb pollutants like PM2.5 and PM10. Method: This SLR analysis combines quantitative bibliometry and descriptive research methods. Findings: The study results show that GOS plays an important role in reducing air pollutant concentrations, improving air quality, and providing health benefits to the community. However, the effectiveness of GOS is influenced by factors such as vegetation type, green area area, and urban spatial planning. Limited land, lack of integration in urban planning, and low public awareness are major problems in GOS development. In addition, this study found the potential to optimize GOS through innovations such as vertical green spaces and green roofs. Conclusion: This study also found that GOS should be included in sustainable urban spatial planning policies to improve air quality, reduce pollution impacts on health, and create a healthier and more comfortable urban environment for people by optimizing the GOS. To ensure the GOS development can go smoothly and sustainably in the future, it is required to have scientifically based policy recommendations. Novelty/Originality: This study assesses GOS's capacity to absorb air pollution by contrasting case studies from Indonesia and Singapore
Spatial planning: Spatial pattern deviations and recommendations for spatial planning regulation settlement zone (2010–2030) based on current conditions
No full textBackground: Kota Batu, located in East Java Province, has experienced rapid urban growth, which poses challenges in spatial planning, particularly in balancing development with environmental sustainability. Night Time Light (NTL) analysis is often used to measure human activity intensity through nighttime illumination, providing valuable insights for urban development studies. Methods: The research employed spatial analysis using NTL data to assess human activity intensity and land use patterns, combined with land cover mapping to identify paddy field distribution. A disaster risk analysis was conducted to map flash flood-prone areas, and agglomeration analysis was applied to determine settlement zone recommendations. The total deviation in spatial patterns was calculated to quantify the extent of inconsistency with the Spatial Planning Regulation/Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW). Findings: The results revealed a spatial pattern deviation of 2,160.84 hectares, representing 11.58% of Kota Batu’s total area. Based on agglomeration analysis, 18 villages/urban wards were identified as recommended settlement zones. Meanwhile, 21 villages/urban wards were categorized as priority areas due to high flash flood risk. These findings highlight the tension between potential residential expansion and disaster risk management in urban planning. Conclusion: Spatial planning in Kota Batu requires an integrated approach that addresses urban growth while preserving agricultural land and mitigating disaster risks. The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for refining the RTRW to enhance sustainable and disaster-resilient development. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study integrates NTL-based human activity mapping, agricultural land preservation analysis, and flash flood disaster risk assessment to produce a spatial planning recommendation for Kota Batu, a methodological combination that has been rarely applied in Indonesian mid-sized cities
Building resilience in Indonesian agrarian communities: Adaptation strategies and institutional barriers in response to climate change
Get PDFBackground: Climate change has become a real threat to the agricultural sector in Indonesia, with significant impacts on productivity, food security, and the welfare of farmers. Rising global temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, and extreme climate events have increased the risk of crop failure and reduced the adaptive capacity of agrarian communities. This study aims to examine the adaptation and resilience strategies of agrarian communities in responding to climate change, as well as to identify the structural and institutional barriers they face. Methods: The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design in several climate-vulnerable areas, including Wonosobo, Bima, and Maros. Data was collected through participatory observations, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The Sustainable Livelihood Framework is used to analyze five types of capital that influence farmers' adaptive capacity: natural, human, social, physical, and financial capital. Thematic analysis is applied to explore narrative patterns of farmers' adaptation to climate change. Findings: The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the formulation of community-based adaptation policies and the strengthening of climate-resilient agricultural systems. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of climate change on agricultural livelihoods in Indonesia, while also revealing the adaptive resilience strategies developed by communities through various livelihood assets. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study also highlights the importance of institutional support, adaptive technologies, and the preservation of local wisdom as integral components of strategies to enhance the resilience of agrarian communities in Indonesia
Stability analysis of Monkeypox virus transmission dynamics using the SEIVR approach
Get PDFBackgorund: Monkeypox is a zoonotic infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MONKEYPOXV), which has the potential to be transmitted from animals to humans. This virus can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals such as monkeys, rats, and squirrels. In 2023, the World Health Organization classified monkeypox as a global pandemic, prompting stricter prevention measures worldwide. Given the significant increase in the number of cases and the challenges in controlling the spread of the virus, this study aims to develop a SEIVR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Vaccinated, Recovered) mathematical model that can describe the dynamics of the spread of the monkeypox virus in Indonesia. Methods: There are two cases of the SEIVR model that will be studied; those are disease-free and endemic cases. From the cases, the stability of the model will be found. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion will also be used to analyze the stability due to the complexity of the eigenvalues. Findings: In the study conducted, simulations indicated that the infected population would coexist or remain for a fairly long time. This phenomenon is caused by the stable nature of the model. The dynamics of the model can also be seen by considering the obtained reproductive number. Although the infected population persists for a long time, the numbers are quite low. Conclusion: Vaccination does not have a significant impact. Therefore, further research using a treatment compartment or virus transition in rodents needs to be conducted for further study. Novelty/Originality of this Article: The novelty of this research lies in the use of the SEIVR model to map the spread of monkeypox in Indonesia and analyze its stability using the Routh-Hurwitz criteria and numerical simulations. This approach provides an initial overview of case persistence and vaccination effectiveness
Environmental carrying capacity and economic feasibility of mangrove-based coastal ecotourism
Get PDFBackground: This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility and environmental impact of coastal tourism development using an Environmental Economy approach. The research is grounded in the urgency of promoting sustainable local economic development, particularly in coastal areas that hold high tourism potential but are vulnerable to environmental degradation. Methods: The methods employed include primary and secondary data analysis, in-depth interviews, direct observation, and Environmental Cost and Benefit Analysis. Findings: The findings indicate that the development of the Cemara Sewu Beach tourism area is economically feasible, with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.77 and a net present value (NPV) of IDR 129,611,000. Environmentally, the area demonstrates sufficient carrying capacity, with community-based management identified as a key factor in ensuring sustainability. Conclusion: In conclusion, the project is viable and should be pursued using an environmental economic approach that balances economic gains with ecological conservation. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the integrated application of economic feasibility analysis and environmental carrying capacity assessment as a unified framework for sustainable tourism planning
Mapping household physical vulnerability to tidal floods through indicator-based scoring analysis
Get PDFBackground: Tidal flooding is a significant problem in the coastal areas of Semarang City, due to climate change and environmental pollution issues. Method: The research method involved direct observation and interviews with homeowners to collect primary data, as well as scoring analysis based on four main indicators. This study used a structural indicator-based scoring analysis approach to assess the physical vulnerability of houses to tidal flooding. Findings: Tambakrejo area, which is a coastal area, also experiences periodic inundation due to sea level rise. The physical vulnerability of houses in this area is influenced by various factors, such as building materials, building age, floor height, and building height. The results show that most houses in Tambakrejo have a moderate level of vulnerability, with building materials and age as the main causes. Houses with wooden materials and more than 20 years old are more vulnerable to damage from inundation, while multi-storey houses and those with higher floors have better resilience. Conclusion: The study highlights that building materials and age are key factors affecting the physical vulnerability of houses to tidal flooding in Tambakrejo, Semarang City, and suggests consideration of structural indicators in flood risk mitigation. Novelty/ originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in using a structural indicator-based scoring analysis to assess the physical vulnerability of houses to tidal flooding in Tambakrejo, highlighting building materials, age, and floor height as key factors
Comparison of combustion emissions between manual and machine set methods to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) in briquette manufacturing
Get PDFBackground: Renewable energy from biomass is one solution to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and the impact of carbon emissions. One form of renewable energy from biomass is briquettes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using modern technology in the form of a briquette production machine set consisting of a grinder, extruder, and burner integrated with a wet scrubber innovation to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from rice husk combustion in the burner machine compared to the manual method. Methods: The research process was carried out through the stages of needs identification, CAD (Computer Aided Design)-based machine design, prototype production, and briquette performance testing using a Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) analyzer. Findings: The test results showed that briquettes produced using the manual method had a higher density of 0.8 g/cm³ and produced an average CO emission of 220 ppm. These findings prove that mechanizing the process improves the physical quality of the briquettes while reducing CO emissions by around 39%. The integration of wet scrubber technology proved to be effective in absorbing additional exhaust gases and strengthening the environmentally friendly aspects of the combustion process. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study confirms that the use of integrated machinery not only improves briquette quality and energy efficiency, but also makes a significant contribution to carbon emission control efforts at the local level. Novelty/Originality of this Article: The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis comparing manual and mechanized methods using burner machines with integrated wet scrubbers in the context of rice husk briquette production
Bioactive proteins in breast milk and their impact on infant gut development
Get PDFBackground: During early stages of life, breast milk is the mainstay of nutrition. Beyond delivering vital amino acids, certain proteins like lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, sIgA, and lysozyme bolster the infant's gastrointestinal system and provide protective mucosal factors alongside immunomodulatory functions, helping shape the gut microbiome. The goal of this review is to analyze the scientific literature on the types and composition of proteins in breast milk, their biological functions, and their effects regarding the development and protection of the infant’s gastrointestinal tract with special focus on the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, mucosal defense, and microbial colonization. Methods: A literature search was conducted through PubMed, and Google Scholar databases with the terms bioactive, breastmilk, gut, infant, and microbiota. Only articles published between 2015 and 2025 were chosen for their relevance to the topic and methodological soundness. Findings: Whey proteins, which dominate the early lactation phase, contain bioactive peptides that are easily absorbed and support enterocyte maturation. Lactoferrin and sIgA contribute to maintaining mucosal integrity and preventing pathogen colonization. Growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) accelerate epithelial maturation and strengthen tight junctions, while other proteins like osteopontin and beta-casein help shape a favorable microbial ecosystem. Conclusion: Breast milk proteins contribute multifaceted roles in gastrointestinal and immune system development, underscoring the importance of exclusive breastfeeding as a foundation for neonatal gastrointestinal and immunological health. Novelty/Originality of this article: This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the diverse roles of breast milk proteins in shaping infant gastrointestinal development and mucosal immunity by emphasizing perspectives that integrate evidence focused on nutrition, immunology, and the microbiome in a way that has not been fully addressed in previous literature
Juridical analysis of the defense against allegations of unlawful acts on the execution of mortgage rights
No full textBackground: This research aims to analyze the defense against allegations of unlawful acts in the execution of mortgage rights. The background of this research is based on the increasing problem of non-performing loans that have an impact on the execution of mortgage rights through auction. Methods: The method used is the juridical-normative method with a literature study approach, which examines legislation and legal principles related to the execution of mortgage rights, particularly the provisions of Article 6 and Article 20 of Law No. 4 of 1996 on Mortgage Rights, Article 1365 of the Civil Code on tort, and Article 51 of Minister of Finance Regulation No. 213/PMK.06/2020 concerning auction guidelines. Findings: The results showed that in case No. 750 K/Pdt/2012 there was a mismatch between the auction procedure and the principle of justice, resulting in a potential violation of the law. The study found that although the auction was conducted under the authority of the Mortgage Law, the absence of an agreement between the debtor and creditor regarding underhand sales and the failure to obtain the highest possible price raised concerns of unfairness and potential legal violations. Conclusion: The research concludes that the defense against allegations of unlawful acts in mortgage execution must balance strict adherence to legal provisions with principles of justice to ensure fairness for both creditors and debtors. Novelty/Originality of this article: The contribution of this research lies in the in-depth analysis of legal defense in the execution of mortgage rights as well as recommendations for policy making related to the protection of creditor rights. The findings are expected to provide practical guidance for legal practitioners in handling mortgage execution disputes
Refugee crisis in ASEAN: Challenges and opportunities for regional cooperation
Get PDFBackground: The refugee crisis in the Southeast Asian region is increasingly becoming a serious concern as increasing conflicts, natural disasters, and political instability force thousands of people to seek refuge across borders. This article examines the dynamics of the refugee crisis in ASEAN member states by highlighting key challenges, including the lack of a binding regional legal framework, limited shelter capacity, and differences in national policies in responding to refugees. On the other hand, this crisis also opens up opportunities for ASEAN to strengthen regional cooperation mechanisms based on humanitarian solidarity, burden sharing, and upholding human rights principles. Methods: This article uses a normative legal research method to examine the refugee crisis in the ASEAN region with a focus on the legal basis, international principles, and relevant policy instruments. Findings: The analysis shows significant challenges, such as the absence of a binding regional legal mechanism, differences in domestic policies, and tensions between state sovereignty and humanitarian. Conclusion: The crisis also opens up opportunities for ASEAN to strengthen regional cooperation through the development of common legal standards, increased coordination, and arrangements for the division of responsibilities in handling refugees. The study concludes that ASEAN has the potential to develop a more coordinated and responsive approach to the refugee crisis, while still considering the balance between national interests, regional solidarity, and commitment to protecting human rights. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the refugee crisis in ASEAN through a normative legal approach that specifically highlights the absence of a binding regional legal instrument. This study also offers a new perspective on the opportunities for the formation of common legal standards in ASEAN as a collective response to refugee protection