Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
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Spatial risk assessment of population density and land use: Challenges and solutions for sustainable urban development
Get PDFBackground: The growth of major cities is directly related to the increasing population and rising density. The Special Capital Region (DKI) of Jakarta is the most densely populated, with 15,292 people/km² and a population growth rate of 1.11% per year. Land use in Kapuk Village consists of five main types, including residential, religious, socio-cultural, commercial, and other uses. The dominant land use in Kapuk Village is for residential purposes, covering an area of 2.566 km². Kapuk Village is the most densely populated village in Indonesia. Building density is related to the number of residents living in the area. Kapuk Village has the highest population, with a total of 174,349 people and a population density of 34,014 people/km². Vertical housing is a spatial planning concept where housing is built upward and can address land limitations in urban areas. According to data from the Jakarta Provincial Government, slum settlements in Kapuk Village cover an area of 2,594 km² or approximately 50.57% of the total area of Kapuk Village. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, integrating literature reviews and secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency and Jakarta Provincial Government. Spatial analysis techniques are applied using land use maps, building density maps, and slum settlement distributions to examine the correlation between population density and urban development patterns. Findings: The study reveals that residential land dominates Kapuk Village, covering 2,566 km², with slum areas comprising 50.57% of the total land. High building density contributes to limited open spaces and increased surface temperatures, affecting urban livability. The demand for social services, education, and healthcare surpasses available facilities, worsening urban disparities. The study also identifies the potential of vertical housing as a sustainable solution to accommodate the growing population. Conclusion: The research highlights the urgent need for strategic urban planning to address land use inefficiencies and mitigate the negative impacts of overpopulation. Vertical housing, combined with improved infrastructure and social services, can enhance urban resilience. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive spatial analysis of population density and land use in Kapuk Village, highlighting the direct impact on urban sustainability. It offers a novel perspective on integrating land use planning with social and environmental factors to promote better urban management strategies
Energy landscape: Petroleum utilization prospects amid global energy transition dynamics
Get PDFBackground: Petroleum has played a critical role in supporting industrialization and global economic growth since the Industrial Revolution. It has not only been the foundation of many economies, particularly transportation and industry, but it remains so today. However, the environmental impacts of petroleum use have become a global concern, prompting a shift to renewable energy. Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach with literature review and descriptive analysis to examine the prospects for petroleum use in Indonesia in the energy transition. Data were obtained from academic journals, government reports, and environmental studies to illuminate patterns of petroleum use, renewable energy developments, and their impacts on energy security and future policies. Findings: Indonesia has large potential for renewable energy sources such as hydropower, geothermal energy, and bioenergy, but their utilization is still minimal. Around 90% of this renewable energy potential has not been utilized. For example, hydropower, geothermal energy, and bioenergy which are environmentally friendly and capable of producing significant energy have not been fully developed. The biggest challenge in the transition to renewable energy lies in changing public perception, as many people still rely on fossil fuels. In addition, the Indonesian government faces the task of building infrastructure that is evenly distributed throughout the country. Conclusion: A proactive and gradual approach is needed to engage the public in renewable energy development and to raise awareness of its long-term benefits. Reducing dependence on petroleum requires strong policies, investment in renewable infrastructure, and public participation in the energy transition process. Novelty/Originality of this article: Unlike previous studies that have focused primarily on energy security and policy frameworks, this study emphasizes the importance of public perception and infrastructure readiness in supporting a successful transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy
Optimization of medical waste management systems in community health centers: Challenges, strategies, and sustainable solutions
Get PDFBackground: Public health services are classified as public goods, primarily aimed at maintaining and improving health and preventing diseases, without neglecting disease treatment and health recovery. These services include disease control, environmental sanitation, nutritional improvement, family health enhancement, family planning, mental health, and various other public health programs, such as health promotion. On the other hand, individual health services are considered private goods, with the main objective of curing diseases and restoring individual health, while still considering health maintenance and disease prevention. Methods: Based on the data analysis to be conducted, this study is analytical in nature, as it aims to examine hypotheses and provide a deeper interpretation of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Findings: This study found that although there is compliance with waste management procedures, issues remain in waste collection, storage, and treatment. A lack of staff training and awareness, limited resources, and weak monitoring and evaluation systems hinder the overall effectiveness of waste management. Furthermore, community participation and awareness are still low. Therefore, improvements are needed in staff training, resource allocation, technological utilization, and community engagement to enhance future waste management practices. Conclusion: The implementation of medical waste management at community health centers (Puskesmas) complies with the medical waste management standards set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. However, several aspects have not been fully met. These include the absence of medical waste symbols on waste bins in some Puskesmas, the lack of dedicated medical waste transport tools such as carts or trolleys in all facilities, and the use of ambulances as waste transport vehicles in some Puskesmas. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study presents innovations in medical waste management at community health centers in Bulukumba by integrating digital technology, a holistic training approach, and ecosystem principles to promote environmental sustainability
The human firewall: Increasing digital awareness and literacy for consumer protection
Get PDFBackground: In the evolving digital era, consumers are increasingly vulnerable to various cyber threats such as online fraud, identity theft, and misuse of personal data. This paper discusses the concept of "Human Firewall", an approach that places individuals as the main component in the defense against digital threats through increased awareness and digital literacy. Methods: By applying a systematic literature review method to various international scientific journal sources, this study shows that low levels of digital literacy increase consumers' risk of cybercrime such as personal data theft, online fraud, and information manipulation. Findings: A good understanding of digital ethics, privacy and safe use of technology helps people make wiser decisions in the digital world and prevent digital threats. Conclusion: Efforts to improve these skills can be done through interactive training, psychology-based approaches, and the use of gamification methods to strengthen user engagement. The gap in digital access and understanding in disadvantaged areas is also a challenge that needs to be addressed through an inclusive education approach. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research is in the integration of educational and psychological approaches to form digital resilience based on proactive individuals, not just relying on technological systems. Therefore, society must build digital awareness as protection from cyber threats
Legal reform and the erosion of deterrence: Reassessing remission and conditional release policies for corruption convicts
Get PDFBackground: Granting remission and parole to prisoners is the authority held by the Correctional Institution, in accordance with the provisions contained in Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections. The main requirement for obtaining remission and parole is the good behavior of the prisoner, and this provision applies to all prisoners without exception, including prisoners involved in criminal acts of corruption. Methods: This study uses the Normative Juridical method with a descriptive analysis approach. The research data was obtained through two sources, namely primary data from Legislation and secondary data obtained from interviews with Class IIA Tangerang Prison Officers. Findings: The results of the study show that the revocation of the Government Regulation has eliminated strict requirements related to granting remission to prisoners involved in corruption crimes, making it easy for corrupt prisoners to obtain it, it has eliminated the deterrent effect for perpetrators and the community. In response to this situation, total reform is needed, namely legal reform, law enforcement officers, and culture. Conclusion: The study concludes that the revocation of strict regulations has made it easier for corruption convicts to obtain remission, weakening the deterrent effect. Therefore, comprehensive reforms in law, enforcement, and legal culture are urgently needed. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article offers a critical and original analysis of the impact of regulatory changes on the remission process for corruption convicts in Indonesia. By combining normative legal review with firsthand insights from correctional officers, it highlights the unintended consequences of deregulation—specifically the erosion of deterrent effects—and emphasizes the urgent need for systemic legal reform, a perspective that has been underexplored in prior studies
Exploring resident perspectives and practical approaches to water quality maintenance in communal boarding facilities: Implications for public health and hygiene
Get PDFBackground: Water is a fundamental human resource, and ensuring its safety is essential for public health, especially in residential settings such as boarding houses. Water contamination can pose significant risks to residents’ well-being. This study focuses on exploring the water quality at a boarding house located on Bangka Street, South Jakarta, considering the importance of water clarity, taste, odor, and the infrastructure that supports water distribution. Methods: This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews and field observations. Data were collected directly from the boarding house owner and several residents to understand their perspectives and experiences regarding water usage and quality. Observations focused on water clarity, smell, taste, and the physical condition of the water infrastructure. Findings: The results show that the boarding house's water quality is generally clean, clear, and odorless—meeting national standards for safe water. However, an incident was reported in which excessive water use by a resident led to flooding and temporarily murky water. In response, the owner promptly drained the water tank and replaced outdated water pumps to restore water quality. These actions demonstrate the owner’s proactive maintenance and strong hygiene awareness. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of regular water system monitoring, immediate responsiveness to water-related issues, and the collaboration between property managers and residents in maintaining water quality. Subjective perspectives reveal that a sense of shared responsibility and consistent maintenance are vital in ensuring access to clean and safe water in communal residential settings. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research contributes original insights into water quality management in small-scale residential environments. It highlights the value of community-level engagement and practical hygiene practices, combining lived experiences with public health standards to promote safe water access in boarding houses—a relatively underexplored area in academic literature
Roots of resilience: Coping, identity, and innovation among farmers
Get PDFBackground: Farmers in Misamis Occidental face multiple challenges, including physical labor exhaustion, financial instability, climate unpredictability, and lack of institutional support. This study explores the lived experiences and adaptive strategies of these farmers to understand the essence of resilience within a rural Philippine context. Methods: Drawing on thematic analysis of in-depth interviews, the research identified key sources of resilience such as spiritual strength, familial responsibility, resourcefulness, and deep-rooted farming identity. Findings: Participants described farming not only as labor but as a purposeful sacrifice for future generations, shaped by cultural upbringing and personal meaning. Despite enduring hardship, farmers maintained a strong sense of perseverance through prayer, peaceful conflict resolution, and emotional endurance. Conclusion: The results suggest that resilience among farmers is shaped by an interplay of socio-emotional, spiritual, and contextual factors, highlighting the importance of culturally grounded support mechanisms. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study contributes original insights by contextualizing resilience within the spiritual and socio-cultural realities of rural farmers in the Philippines, offering a novel foundation for developing localized resilience-building interventions and policy frameworks
Innovative control of fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) using the push-pull technique for sustainable food security
Get PDFBackground: Pesticide residues in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivation pose serious health and environmental risks, exacerbated by the excessive use of synthetic pesticides to control fruit fly pests (Bactrocera dorsalis). This review aims to evaluate the push-pull technique an integrated pest management strategy using repellent plants like lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) and attractant plants such as basil (Ocimum basilicum), supported by yellow sticky traps as a sustainable solution for fruit fly control. Methods: This systematic literature review was conducted by screening 1,300 articles from scientific databases within the last 10 years using PRISMA guidelines, from which 4 studies were ultimately selected for qualitative synthesis. Findings: Based on the analysis of secondary literature, the synthesis of results shows that lemongrass releases volatile compounds capable of suppressing fruit fly populations by up to 40-60%, while basil and yellow sticky traps effectively lure fruit flies away from the main crop and can reduce infestation rates by 35-55%. This combination effectively suppresses pests, reduces dependency on chemical pesticides, and supports food security by stabilizing production. Conclusion: It should be noted that these findings are derived from a narrative data synthesis of secondary literature, not primary field trials, and this review does not include a quantitative meta-analysis to statistically measure the combined effect. This study concludes that the wider adoption of the push-pull system, coupled with farmer training and technological integration, offers an eco-friendly and efficient alternative for horticultural pest management. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty/originality of this article lies in systematically reviewing the push-pull technique combining lemongrass, basil, and yellow sticky traps as an eco-friendly integrated strategy for controlling tomato fruit fly pests
Social dynamics and spatial design: A behavioral architecture study of adolescent gathering patterns
Get PDFBackground: City parks are important social spaces, especially for teenagers, but the design of public open spaces often does not take behavioral aspects into account. Previous studies have focused more on the physical function of open spaces than on user behavior. This paper analyze the influence of layout and design elements (paths, seating, trees, lighting) on the social interaction patterns of adolescents. Methods: Behaviorist case study (Yin), non-participatory observation, behavior mapping, and in-depth interviews. Findings: The study found that Indonesia Kaya Parks a functions as an inclusive third place for adolescents, where spatial elements like flexible seating, shaded vegetation, and warm lighting significantly enhance the frequency and quality of informal social interactions. It was found that zones with warm lighting, dense vegetation, and flexible seating became centers of social interaction. Conclusion: The spatial configuration and micro-design elements of Indonesia Kaya Parks effectively accommodate adolescents’ behavioral needs, confirming its role as a socially responsive urban park. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research uniquely combines quantitative data with spatial-perceptual mapping to reveal how adolescents navigate and emotionally respond to varying degrees of spatial enclosure in public parks—an approach rarely applied in behavioral architecture studies
Bridging the gap between understanding and action: A participatory study on watershed conservation
Get PDFBackground: Watershed conservation in Poboya Village, Mantikulore District is very important to maintain ecosystem balance and environmental sustainability, considering that the river plays a role as the main source of water for downstream areas. This study aims to find out the role of the community in watershed conservation in Poboya Village, Mantikulore District. Method: This research was carried out in Poboya Village, Mantikulore District for 1 month, from April to May 2025. The sampling technique used was snowball sampling. The data collection of this research was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires with a Likert scale, conducting in-depth interviews, and using an open-ended approach. Findings: The results of the research obtained from 30 respondents in Poboya Village, Mantikulore District, found that the level of public understanding of watershed conservation is classified as high, with an average score of 116. This shows that the community in general has a good understanding of the concept, function, and importance of watershed conservation, including the influence of natural factors and human activities on the condition of watershed ecosystems. The role of the community in watershed conservation efforts is also categorized as moderate, with an average score of 86. Less active communities participate in various conservation activities such as planting trees on riverbanks, domestic waste management, the use of conservative agricultural techniques, and involvement in environmental outreach and campaigns. Conclusion: The community in Poboya Village shows a strong understanding of watershed conservation but demonstrates moderate levels of participation in related activities. There is a need to enhance community involvement in practical conservation efforts through increased education, outreach, and empowerment initiatives. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study contributes to the understanding of community-based watershed conservation by highlighting the disparity between awareness and active participation, specifically in a local village context where water resources are directly linked to the livelihoods of downstream populations