Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
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Fixed return green sukuk ijarah: Normative-philosophical analysis hifdz al-mal and hifdz al-bi'ah for ecological stability
No full textBackground: Green sukuk has emerged as a strategic Islamic financial instrument that integrates economic development with environmental preservation while reflecting the contemporary application of Sharia principles in sustainable finance. This study aims to examine the normative and philosophical validity of fixed return guarantees in ijarah-based green sukuk through the perspectives of hifdz al-māl (protection of wealth) and hifdz al-bī’ah (protection of the environment), building on prior studies that discuss green Islamic finance, sukuk structures, and maqasid-oriented investment models. Methods: Using a normative-philosophical approach, this research analyzes classical jurisprudential principles, contemporary regulatory frameworks, and conceptual discourse on Sharia-compliant sustainability finance. Findings: The study finds that fixed return guarantees can reduce market volatility risks and enhance the continuity of renewable energy and climate-related projects, thereby aligning with Sharia objectives of safeguarding assets through accountable fund management and promoting environmental sustainability through support for green initiatives. The results also demonstrate coherence between the theoretical framework of maqasid al-sharia and the practical structure of ijarah green sukuk. Conclusion: Fixed return guarantees in ijarah-based green sukuk are normatively acceptable and philosophically compatible with the goals of economic resilience and ecological balance in Islamic finance. Novelty/Originality: This article offers an integrative assessment of fixed return mechanisms in green sukuk through a dual maqasid lens, establishing a new theoretical linkage between asset protection and environmental preservation within Sharia-compliant investment structures
Social media as a new space for communication and Muslim identity formation
No full textBackground: This study discusses the role of social media, particularly Instagram and TikTok, as a space for the formation of Islamic identity among Indonesian Muslim youth amid a highly visual and competitive digital culture. The transformation of religious communication in the digital space marks the emergence of the phenomenon of digital religiosity, where piety is displayed through symbols, visual narratives, and online participation. Methods: A quantitative descriptive approach supported by qualitative analysis was used on 50 Muslim youth respondents who are active social media users. Data were collected through an online survey using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis of open-ended responses. Findings: The results show that social media plays a significant role in shaping Muslim identity, especially among women aged 20–22 years. Islamic content on social media was found to increase understanding of Islamic values, motivation to worship, and reflective expressions of religiosity. However, the study also found ethical challenges such as digital riya' and algorithmic religiosity, where religious practices can shift to become performative due to the logic of popularity and platform algorithms. Conclusion: Social media functions as a laboratory for religious identity for Muslim youth, mediating between spiritual expression and popular culture while demanding strong religious digital literacy. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers a new perspective through the integration of social identity and digital communication theories in the study of Islamic communication, as well as introducing the concept of digital Islamic identity as a form of reflective piety in the online space
Developing an AI-enhanced maritime threat detection model: Predictive security framework for illegal fishing and piracy
No full textBackground: The North Natuna Sea, as a strategic area of Indonesia, faces increasingly complex maritime security threats, particularly illegal fishing activities and piracy that threaten economic sovereignty and the stability of aquatic ecosystems. This research develops a maritime threat detection model based on Artificial Intelligence that is capable of predicting and preventing illegal activities through a preventive and proactive approach. Methods: Using a qualitative research method based on documentary studies, this research analyzes patterns of maritime threats, regional geopolitical dynamics, and the limitations of conventional surveillance systems that have historically relied on a reactive approach. The developed predictive model integrates three layers of technology: multi-source data integration (Sentinel-1 satellites, VIIRS, AIS, oceanographic data), predictive analytics utilizing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Random Forest algorithms, as well as an automated operational response system. Findings: Data analysis indicates that illegal fishing incurs economic losses of USD 25 billion annually on a national scale, with 112 vessels confiscated in the first half of 2024. Meanwhile, piracy incidents have increased from 10 incidents in 2022 to 18 incidents in 2023, affecting 126 crew members in 2024. The research results indicate that the predictive AI model is capable of increasing the detection rate of foreign vessels from 40% to 85% and reducing response time from 8 hours to 45 minutes. This system generates an updated maritime threat heatmap every 15 minutes, enabling the optimization of patrols and saving fuel consumption of up to 30%. Conclusion: This research contributes to the transformation of Indonesia's maritime security paradigm from a reactive approach to a predictive-preventive one, supporting the enforcement of economic sovereignty in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and providing high-tech solutions to address non-traditional security challenges in the contemporary era. This model can be adapted as a best practice for other island countries facing similar maritime threats, while also reinforcing collective maritime security mechanisms within the framework of regional and global cooperation. Novelty/Originality of this article: The preventive defense framework specifically developed for the conditions adopts a proactive approach that takes into account the unique geographical characteristics, regional maritime traffic patterns, and the geopolitical dynamics of the area
I-Fuel: Biodiesel innovation based on fish waste as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source
No full textBackground: Srowo Sidayu Village has marine product processing activities in the form of bonggolan food products that generate fish waste such as bones, skins, heads, gills, and offal. This waste has not been optimally utilized, despite containing triglycerides with potential for biodiesel production. This study aims to identify the most promising types of fish waste as raw materials for biodiesel. Methods: This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by reviewing previous research articles and relevant scientific publications, which were then analyzed descriptively and comparatively. The study also categorized fish waste based on type and anatomical part (head, skin, innards, etc.) to determine which components have the highest fat content and theoretical biodiesel potential. Selection criteria were applied to ensure that only studies reporting measurable fat content and conversion data were included in the analysis. Findings: The results show that fish waste contains varied and relatively high fat levels, particularly in the head, skin, and innards of certain fish species. With an estimated biodiesel conversion efficiency of 90%, each kilogram of fish waste can potentially produce biodiesel proportional to its fat content. Snakehead heads demonstrate the greatest potential, with an estimated yield of approximately 574 grams of biodiesel per kilogram of waste. Conclusion: All bonggolan fish waste shows potential for biodiesel production, with snakehead waste being the most promising. However, further experimental studies are required to validate these theoretical estimations. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This research synthesizes prior findings to identify fish waste types with the highest biodiesel potential and highlights the need for experimental verification of fat content, oil yield, and conversion efficiency
Different meanings of urban agriculture: Perspectives of housewives and women farmers
No full textBackground: Policy plays a crucial role in maintaining the sustainability of urban agriculture. Inclusive policies that represent all stakeholders are needed. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the diversity of urban agriculture stakeholders. Women in urban agriculture, often considered as homogeneous group, also exhibit diverse differences. The most obvious is the contrast between housewives and women farmers, who have differing priorities. This show that these two groups may have different interpretations meanings of urban agriculture practices, both functionally and experientially. Therefore, this study try to understand and compare the perspectives of these two groups. Methods: This qualitative research use secondary data analysis through a systematic literature review (SLR) with a thematic approach. Secondary data were collected using some keywords relevan with the topic with a research period of 2020–2025. Findings: The results in functional meanings show a significant difference between housewives and women farmers. This comparison indicates that housewives perceive a more diverse range of functional meanings in urban agriculture practices, including empowerment, economic benefits, environmental aspects, and even food security. In contrast, women farmers tend to focus more on economic benefits and food security. The results in experiential meanings also show significant differences. This comparison indicates that housewives perceive the experiential meaning of urban agriculture as skill development and personal fulfillment, whereas women farmers tend to focus more on the control they have in decision-making. Conclusion: Based on the contrasting findings between the two groups, inclusive policymaking is needed to address the diverse experiences of women farmers group in urban agriculture. Novelty/Originality of this Article: The novelty of this study lies in its examination of the differences in functional and experiential meanings between housewives and women farmers, an aspect that has not been previously explored in the context of urban agriculture
Integrating land suitability assessment and socioeconomic indicators for Robusta coffee development
No full textBackground: Robusta coffee is a strategic commodity supporting rural livelihoods and the national economy. However, average productivity (≈0.7 t/ha/year) remains far below its potential (2.5–3.0 t/ha/year). This gap reflects not only biophysical land constraints but also socio-economic limitations. An integrated assessment combining land suitability and socio-economic conditions is therefore necessary for sustainable development planning. Methods: This study was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021 using a descriptive-exploratory and survey approach. Soil samples were analyzed in university laboratories, and biophysical conditions were evaluated using Land Suitability Classification (LSC) through a matching method based on crop requirements. Socio-economic conditions were measured using a Socio-Economic Index (SEI) calculated through min–max normalization (0–1 scale) with equal indicator weighting. LSC and SEI were integrated to assess development potential and readiness. Findings: All study sites were classified as S3 (marginally suitable), limited by low organic carbon, poor drainage, and shallow soil depth. SEI values ranged from 0.15 to 0.63, indicating varying socio-economic readiness across villages. The integrated analysis shows that development feasibility depends not only on land characteristics but also on farmers’ socio-economic capacity, influencing the sustainability and productivity of Robusta cultivation. Conclusion: Integrating LSC and SEI provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating regional development potential. Sustainable Robusta expansion requires addressing both land limitations and socio-economic empowerment to reduce the productivity gap. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study proposes a multidimensional LSC–SEI framework that bridges biophysical and socio-economic dimensions, offering a strategic decision-support model for sustainable agricultural planning
TeraCale: Integrated laser irradiation and chemical etching with IoT automatization as a solution for sustainable crystalline-sillicone photovoltaic panel waste recycling system
No full textBackground: The rapid expansion of global renewable energy capacity resulted in a significant increase in crystalline-silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) panel installations, which are projected to generate up to 78 million tonnes of end-of-life (EoL) waste by 2050. Existing recycling methods, including pyrolysis, mechanical shredding, and organic solvent dissolution, are often associated with high energy demands, toxic emissions, and the risk of damaging valuable solar cells. This study aims to present TeraCale, an innovative recycling system that integrates laser irradiation and chemical etching with Internet of Things (IoT) automation to deliver a sustainable and economically viable solution for c-Si panel waste. Methods: This study is formulating the idea of innovation by collecting and analyzing the data from various journals. The methodology comprises a three-stage treatment process, such as initial hydraulic dismantling of frames using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) for real-time monitoring; subsequent separation of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and glass layers using nanosecond and pulsed optical fiber lasers; and chemical etching with NaOH, HNO₃, and H₃PO₄ to recover high-purity metals. Findings: The study indicates that this integrated approach can achieve a silicon yield of 99.9984% and generate a total recycling profit of approximately 185.43 USD per kilogram of solar cells. The results demonstrate that automating the separation process significantly reduces manual labor and environmental risks while maximizing material recovery value. Conclusion: TeraCale constitutes a critical advancement in circular economy practices for the solar industry, effectively supporting Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 12. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this work is demonstrated by the unique combination of selective laser debonding and IoT-driven automation, providing a high-precision alternative to conventional destructive recycling techniques
Community-led coastal resilience: Integrating local knowledge and collaborative disaster management
No full textBackground: The community of Oesapa Fishing Village, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province has an inspiring story of facing disaster risks. The actions are appreciated because the community has demonstrated resilience and the ability to adapt to disasters and climate change. Methods: Qualitative methods with direct observation techniques and in-depth interviews as well as an active participation approach. Informants in this study are the community of Oesapa fishing village as internal parties and external parties are the Pikul Foundation and several government agencies in Kupang City including the Oesapa sub-district government. Findings: The categories of disasters that often pose a threat to the community of Oesapa Fishing Village are high waves, strong winds, drought and at least flooding. High waves are caused by the position of the village area which is in the coastal area and the lowest topography, precisely in the Kupang Bay area. This study aims to explore the form of community knowledge in understanding disaster risks, find intervention models and their impacts from external parties on the community, as well as behavioral patterns and strategies of the Oesapa fishing village community to develop their knowledge to build community resilience in facing disasters. Conclusion: The study finds that communities view disasters as human-induced environmental consequences, external interventions—by PIKUL Foundation, BPDAS Benain Noelmina, BPBD Kota Kupang, and BMKG Stasiun Maritim Tenau—have shifted local wisdom toward technology-based systems, and collaborative disaster management has strengthened community resilience while reducing risks and losses. Novelty/Originality of this article: The existence of norms of going to sea as community social capital, fishermen's livelihoods as economic capital and mangrove plants as coastal environmental capital
Community perceptions and valuation of freshwater ecosystem services: A case of rural springs
Get PDFBackground: This study aims to analyze public perception and conduct an environmental service valuation of the Puta Spring in Lakapodo Village, Watopute District, Muna Regency. Methods: The study was conducted from April to June 2024 with a population of 318 households that use the Puta Spring as their main water source. The research sample was determined using the Slovin formula with a confidence level of 10%, resulting in 76 respondents selected through purposive sampling, with the criterion of people who had used the spring for at least the last five years. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and literature studies, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Findings: The results showed that the community's perception of the existence of Puta Spring was in the good category with an average score of 242.47. This indicates a high level of awareness of the importance of preserving this water source in supporting daily needs. The valuation of environmental services calculated based on the prevailing price method shows an economic value of IDR 211,104,000.00 per year, while based on the market price in Muna Regency, it reaches IDR 164,661,120.00 per year. The total volume of water used for domestic needs by the entire community of Lakapodo Village is 42,220.8 m³ per year, with an average discharge of Puta Spring of 0.0082 m³/second. Conclusion: Public perception of the spring is generally good, with high scores in existence, management, utilization, and economic value. Water availability exceeds community use, resulting in a surplus of 212,283 m³/year, corresponding to an economic value of IDR 1,061,415,000, indicating sustainable resource potential. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in integrating community perception assessment with economic valuation and water balance analysis to reveal the surplus value and sustainability potential of the Puta spring
SETARA: Reformulating legal protection for women workers amid the evolution of artificial intelligence
No full textBackground: The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has reshaped the global labor market and poses significant challenges to female workers, who are more likely to be employed in repetitive and data-based sectors vulnerable to automation. This study aims to examine the urgency of legal protection and labor law reform in Indonesia to address the potential risk of unemployment, gender discrimination, and social inequality arising from AI-driven automation. Previous studies have highlighted that women face structural disadvantages in the labor market due to their concentration in low-wage sectors and limited access to digital skills, as also emphasized by UNESCO. However, existing Indonesian labor regulations, such as the Manpower Law and Job Creation Law, have not explicitly regulated the impact of AI in employment. Methods: The research applies a normative juridical method with a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach, supported by literature reviews of international practices in Germany and Singapore, where governments have initiated reskilling and vocational education policies to mitigate the impact of AI. Findings: Findings reveal that the absence of specific legal provisions in Indonesia leads to legal uncertainty and weak protection for women workers facing layoffs due to automation. This study proposes the concept of SETARA (Strategy for Empowering and Transforming Women’s Labor) as a strategic model to strengthen the role of female workers. The strategy consists of three core elements: reskilling, upskilling, and labor law literacy, implemented through a pentahelix collaboration involving government, businesses, society, academia, and mass media. Conclusion: The principal conclusion is that labor law reform in Indonesia must be adaptive to technological disruption and inclusive of gender perspectives to ensure sustainable and equitable labor protection. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in integrating gender-sensitive legal reform with AI governance through the SETARA model, which provides an innovative framework to balance technological advancement with social justice