Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
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Future drought characteristics in Sumatra under shared socioeconomic pathways 5-8.5 based on the standardized precipitation index
No full textBackground: Climate change has increased the intensity and frequency of droughts globally and affected freshwater availability, particularly in developing regions with limited adaptive capacity. In Sumatra, prolonged droughts and reduced rainfall have increased vulnerability to drought, necessitating accurate projections to support climate resilience and sustainable water management. This study aims to assess drought projections in Sumatra from 2015 to 2100 in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 5-8.5 (SSP 5-8.5), which represents a high emission trajectory. Methods: CMIP6 monthly precipitation from the CMIP6 EC-Earth3 model was bias-corrected using Monthly Mean Bias Correction. The corrected precipitation was used to calculate Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to evaluate future drought conditions based on rainfall distribution. Findings: The SPI calculation results show that the frequency of severe droughts (SPI < -1.5) experiences significant interannual fluctuations, in line with rainfall patterns that exhibit oscillatory patterns every few years. The southern part of Sumatra emerged as the most drought-prone region with more than 140 drought events detected. The highest drought vulnerability occurs between March and May in the northern region, which has an equatorial rainfall pattern, while the peak drought vulnerability occurs between September and November in the southern region. Atmospheric circulations such as the ITCZ, ENSO, and IOD, as well as topographic and geographic factors, play a crucial role in regulating drought in Sumatra. Conclusion: Future droughts in Sumatra will be more frequent, occurring in short but severe periods compared to weak, long-lasting droughts. The influence of atmospheric circulation will change with climate change and future anthropogenic pressures, increasing the unpredictability of droughts. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study integrates climate projections with robust and efficient drought index calculations to assess future droughts. Supported by comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis, the findings of this study can provide key-insights for climate resilience and sustainable meteorological-based water management efforts. However, uncertainties remain related to single-model dependency, emission scenario assumptions, and SPI’s precipitation-only formulation
The role of licensed surveyors in the implementation of state land clearing permits: A comparative legal analysis
No full textBackground: The administration of land affairs, including land clearing permits, falls under regional government authority in Indonesia. One mechanism is the State Land Clearing Permit (IMTN), which requires land measurement by licensed surveyors. However, regulatory ambiguity persists regarding the legal status and institutional role of licensed surveyors in the IMTN process, particularly in Samarinda City. This lack of clarity raises concerns about legal certainty and good governance. Methods: This study employs normative legal research using a legislative approach. Systematic and futuristic interpretations are applied to relevant laws governing land administration and IMTN procedures. A comparative analysis examines Malaysia’s institutional framework, focusing on the roles of JUPEM and the Land Surveying Institution (LJT), to identify regulatory improvements. Findings: The study reveals that Indonesian regulations do not explicitly define the scope of authority, responsibility, and accountability of licensed surveyors in IMTN implementation. Overlapping provisions between regional land offices and licensed surveyors create procedural inconsistencies and administrative uncertainty. The absence of detailed implementing regulations further complicates supervision, standardization of measurement results, and dispute resolution mechanisms. This ambiguity risks undermining transparency and weakening governance principles in land administration. In contrast, Malaysia’s institutional framework demonstrates clearer separation of authority, professional oversight, and regulatory supervision, ensuring accountability and procedural certainty in land surveying practices. The comparative findings highlight structural gaps in Indonesia’s regulatory design. Conclusion: Clarifying the institutional role of licensed surveyors through regulatory reform is essential to strengthen legal certainty and good governance in IMTN implementation. Assigning clearer responsibilities to Licensed Surveyor Services Offices (KJSB) would enhance accountability and procedural clarity. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study integrates statutory interpretation with comparative institutional analysis, offering a concrete reform pathway to improve governance in Indonesia’s land clearing permit system
Glucose monitoring device by BioSENS digital innovation based on organic thin-film transistors to prevent early diabetes
No full textBackground: Diabetes is now one of the most serious chronic diseases in the world, with a growing prevalence globally, including among adolescents. The goal of this research, to develop a non-invasive diagnostic method, is an urgent need. The invasive nature of traditional finger-prick blood glucose tests can discourage patients from regularly monitoring their glucose levels, leading to inadequate disease management and increasing the risk of diabetes complications. Methods: The method used is a non-invasive method that measures glucose levels in saliva through a smartphone app. This technology works using Organic Thin-Film Transistors (OTFTs) that integrate glucose oxidase, which reacts with saliva to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which then decomposes into proton ions and electron, triggering an electrical signal. This signal is then processed by a smart device. Findings: The BioSENS device enables non-invasive, needle-free blood glucose testing using OTFT-based saliva sensors. Early results show a consistent correlation with blood glucose, highlighting its feasibility. Strengths include painless use, affordability, and ease of use, though clinical validation and regulatory approval are still needed. Conclusion: Diabetes in Indonesia requires greater attention. The BioSENS innovation offers a promising non-invasive and accessible approach to support early prevention and monitoring. Novelty/Originality of this Article: With technological advances, the BioSENS device innovation is present as an effort to prevent diabetes early. BioSENS or Bio-Surveillance and Early Notification System, is a digital innovation based on OTFT with a non-invasive method that can measure glucose levels in saliva through a smartphone application. The BioSENS innovation is expected to receive full support from the government, healthcare workers, and related sectors, to support early detection and prevention of diabetes, thereby improving the nation's health and becoming a step forward in realizing Indonesia's golden generation
The implementation gap in waste management: A study of discrepancies in awareness, attitude, and practice
No full textBackground: Proper household waste management is essential to maintain environmental quality, especially in densely populated areas such as student boarding houses. University students, as part of the educated population, play a crucial role in promoting sustainable waste practices. However, the gap between environmental awareness and actual waste management behavior among students remains a significant challenge. Methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative survey approach to analyze the awareness and attitudes of Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) students living in boarding houses toward household waste management. Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire distributed to 53 respondents and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Findings: The results revealed that most respondents demonstrated high awareness of environmental and household waste issues, with more than 80% agreeing or strongly agreeing that waste sorting and recycling are essential. Nevertheless, their active participation in implementing waste management practices was still limited, mainly due to lack of facilities and motivation. Conclusion: The findings indicate that while awareness and attitudes are generally positive, the translation of this awareness into consistent waste management behavior remains inadequate. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a focused analysis of environmental awareness and attitudes within the context of student boarding life, offering insight into behavioral gaps that can inform targeted environmental education and campus sustainability programs. However, this study is limited by its relatively small sample size and descriptive focus, which may affect the generalization of the findings. Despite this, the results provide practical implications for developing targeted environmental programs and waste management initiatives within university student communities
Transformation of scientific knowledge into local knowledge: An analysis of the Mangupa-Upa tradition in the context of ESD-based education policy
No full textBackground: The Mangupa-Upa tradition is part of the traditional ceremonies of the Batak Mandailing people, rich in cultural values, spirituality, and ecological symbolism. Amid global challenges such as environmental degradation and the crisis of cultural identity, an educational approach that integrates local knowledge is becoming increasingly relevant. This study aims to reconstruct elements of the Mangupa-Upa tradition into contextual biology learning resources that align with the direction of the Independent Curriculum and the principles of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Methods: The method used is a systematic literature review of various primary sources, including journal articles, scientific books, policy documents, and local cultural texts. The analysis was conducted thematically with a descriptive qualitative approach. Findings: The results of the study indicate that pangupa materials, such as betel, fish from seven rivers, old goats, and banana leaves, have symbolic meanings that can be reconstructed into scientific concepts in biology, such as biodiversity, the digestive system, the excretory system, plant and animal morphology, and the locomotion system. This integration of local knowledge supports the ethnopedagogical and ESD approaches, by instilling cultural values, environmental conservation, and strengthening local identity in the learning process. Furthermore, the reconstruction results indicate that a single local tradition can generate various biology learning topics relevant to the learning outcomes of phases E and F in the Independent Curriculum. Conclusion: The implications of this research suggest that transforming scientific knowledge into local forms such as Mangupa-Upa can be an effective pedagogical strategy to bridge the epistemological gap in formal education. This tradition serves not only as a cultural heritage but also as a transformative learning medium that strengthens students' scientific understanding in a contextual, participatory, and sustainable manner. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in reconstructing the Mangupa-Upa tradition into contextual biology learning resources aligned with the Independent Curriculum and ESD, demonstrating how a single local tradition generates multiple scientific learning themes
Analyze thermal behaviour and design performance of a passive vernalization-vertical farming system for tropical garlic production
No full textBackground: Indonesia exhibits a critical dependency on garlic imports, satisfying 96.8% of national demand (575,000 tons) and positioning the nation as the world's largest importer in the first half of 2024. This reliance undermines local competitiveness, necessitating urgent improvements in domestic productivity. However, cultivation is hindered by two primary constraints: limited arable land and the crop's high sensitivity to heat during vernalization. Vernalization, a cold-induced process (5°C–13°C) essential for transitioning vegetative buds to reproductive stages, presents a significant challenge in tropical climates. Methods: This study proposes a novel device integrating a pipe-based vertical cultivation system with a passive vernalization chamber. Utilizing evaporative cooling and locally sourced materials like clay and coconut fiber, it provides low-cost, energy-efficient operation. The device’s performance and feasibility in tropical regions were evaluated through literature review of heat transfer and material properties. Findings: The Tropiverna system, integrating vertical cultivation with passive and active cooling mechanisms, effectively maintains stable low temperatures for garlic vernalization in tropical conditions. The combination of evaporative cooling via clay-coconut fiber pots and Peltier thermoelectric modules reduces heat stress, enhances temperature uniformity, and improves energy efficiency. This design optimizes land use and is projected to increase garlic productivity by up to 307.79% per hectare. Conclusion: Integrates verticulture with a hybrid cooling system utilizing zeer pot principles and Peltier modules, theoretically resolves Indonesia’s land and climatic constraints by optimizing vernalization conditions, thereby serving as a sustainable, scalable strategy to reduce import dependency and strengthen national food sovereignty. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the specific application of a cost-effective vernalization system within a vertical farming architecture designed for the tropics, offering an adaptive solution for sustainable national food sovereignty
Energy-positive green space: Designing carbon-neutral community architecture in edge environments
No full textBackground: Urban edge zones—the transitional areas between dense urban cores and peri-urban landscapes—often face rapid development pressure, environmental vulnerability, and uneven access to public space. Although energy-positive and carbon-neutral design strategies are increasingly discussed, their integration with participatory placemaking remains underexamined, particularly at community scale in edge contexts. Methods: This study adopts a qualitative design-research case study in Amsterdam Noord, combining site-based environmental observation (e.g., solar exposure, wind behavior, vegetation, and use patterns) with iterative participatory co-design workshops. The architectural proposal was developed through low-tech, human-centered methods, emphasizing passive design optimization, low-embodied-carbon material strategies, and on-site renewable energy integration. Findings: Community input consistently prioritized shaded gathering areas, accessible green space, edible gardens, ecological pathways, and flexible multipurpose zones, which directly shaped spatial organization and environmental strategies. The proposed community green structure achieved a projected 12% operational energy surplus through integrated passive measures and photovoltaic-based generation. Survey findings further indicated high satisfaction with the co-design process, strong recognition of environmental friendliness, increased sustainability awareness, and broad support for applying similar participatory approaches in future projects. Conclusion: This study suggest that energy-positive, carbon-neutral community architecture can be effectively developed in urban edge environments when environmental logic is embedded within participatory, context-sensitive placemaking. This integrated approach supports both measurable environmental performance and social outcomes such as ownership, trust, and long-term stewardship. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research contributes a replicable participatory design model for energy-positive green-space architecture tailored to urban edge conditions, demonstrating how technical sustainability goals can be advanced together with community-led placemaking outcomes
Agricultural land development strategies based on regional potential for sorghum cultivation
No full textBackground: Sorghum has been known in Indonesia for a long time, but its development is not as good as rice and corn. This is because there are still few areas that utilize sorghum plants as food. Land evaluation is a process of assessing the potential of a land used as the basis for sector development in an area that is useful for reorganizing existing land use to assist in making land use planning decisions. This study aims to identify the characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties in Sitimulyo Village and develop agricultural land development directions for sorghum. Method: The research used a stepwise diagram interpretation method, integrating soil laboratory analysis, field observations based on Land Map Units, and interviews using the key-person informant approach. Spatial analysis with ArcMap was also applied to evaluate land characteristics, including land use, slope classes, and cultivation suitability. Finding: The findings indicate that land suitability in Sitimulyo Village generally falls within moderately suitable (S2) to suitable (S1) categories, with limiting factors including rainfall, slope, and cation exchange capacity. Furthermore, this analysis confirms that existing seasonal agricultural areas—particularly rice fields, swampland, and mixed gardens—are in line with the 2021-2026 Piyungan Subdistrict Strategic Plan, which indicates high potential for sorghum development. Conclusion: Policy implications include the need for targeted management of limiting factors and the development of extension programs to promote sorghum as an alternative crop, thereby supporting food diversification and improving the socio-economic resilience of local farmers. Novelty/Originality of this article: The originality of this study lies in integrating soil laboratory analysis with spatial evaluation to provide site-specific recommendations for sorghum cultivation
Spatial study of environmental vulnerability to earthquakes based on vegetation conditions
No full textBackground: Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural hazards, causing not only structural damage and loss of life but also long-term environmental degradation and vegetation decline. The ecological dimension of seismic vulnerability has often been overlooked in spatial studies, particularly in tropical regions. This research aims to assess environmental vulnerability to earthquakes based on vegetation conditions along the Opak Fault in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: The study employs a quantitative–spatial approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze vegetation coverage within three buffer zones at radii of 2 km, 5 km, and 10 km from the active fault line. Secondary data from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) and PVMBG were processed to calculate the Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) using the ratio of vegetated area to total buffer area, expressed as a percentage. Findings: Results indicate that vulnerability decreases with distance from the fault: 49% (high) for 0–2 km, 45% (high) for 2–5 km, and 40% (moderate) for 5–10 km. The innermost zones, dominated by irrigated rice fields on saturated alluvial soils, exhibit the highest susceptibility to liquefaction and ground shaking. In contrast, areas with greater forest cover show higher ecological resilience. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need to integrate vegetation-based management and Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) strategies into local spatial planning to strengthen environmental resilience in seismically active regions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely combines GIS-based spatial analysis with vegetation data to assess earthquake vulnerability, highlighting ecological factors often overlooked in seismic risk assessments and informing ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction strategies
Readiness of regulation and cybercrime mitigation in syirkah-based securities crowdfunding for MSME acceleration
No full textBackground: This study addresses the urgent need for a robust legal and technical framework to support the acceleration of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through syirkah-based Securities Crowdfunding (SCF) in Indonesia. The modern economy's increasing reliance on information technology has created a new landscape for financial services, but this digitalization also introduces significant cyber risks that threaten the integrity and security of both investors and MSMEs. We analyzed common cyber threats such as phishing, ransomware, and social engineering to identify key vulnerabilities within the SCF ecosystem. Methods: This article employs a comprehensive literature review to analyze the theoretical components of legal readiness and cybersecurity mitigation. The research procedure involved a systematic evaluation of various legal documents, academic literature, and official reports from government and cybersecurity agencies. Findings: The findings indicate that while Indonesia has established a foundational legal umbrella for Sharia SCF, the current regulatory framework remains general and normative, lacking detailed provisions on crucial technical aspects like dispute resolution mechanisms and optimal investor protection. Furthermore, cyber threats pose a significant risk, as evidenced by a substantial number of cyber traffic anomalies in Indonesia's cyberspace. These threats are not merely technical but also ethical, directly conflicting with the Islamic principles of amanah (trust) and justice. Conclusion: This study concludes that a significant gap exists between the general legal framework and the detailed technical requirements needed to ensure security and trust in the digital era. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in its integrated approach, which combines an analysis of the legal and regulatory gaps with a comprehensive review of cybercrime threats, and frames both issues within the ethical principles of Islamic law. It also highlights the lack of research on cyber threats targeting the Linux operating system, particularly within the Indonesian fintech sector