Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
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Stuck in the system: A root cause analysis of policy inertia and behavioral stagnation in urban waste management
No full textBackground: The waste crisis in developing countries such as Indonesia persists despite comprehensive regulations, reflecting systemic mismanagement and policy inertia. While previous studies identify policy gaps and the attitude–behavior divide in household recycling, limited research explains how institutional failures structurally constrain citizen participation. This study frames the condition as being “Stuck in the System,” emphasizing governance-rooted behavioral stagnation. Methods: A purposive semi-systematic review of 54 academic and grey literature sources (2015–2025) was conducted. Thematic synthesis was guided by an integrated framework combining Institutional Path Dependency, Service Quality models, Social Marketing, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine how institutional structures influence behavioral capacity and motivation. Findings: Results show a self-reinforcing feedback loop rooted in Institutional Path Dependency. Fragmented governance and fiscal fragility generate chronic service quality deficits, making municipal waste services unreliable. This institutional failure creates a high non-monetary “psychological cost” for citizens. Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) reflects high effort and limited infrastructure, while Subjective Norms (SN) emerge as the strongest predictor of participation. Behavioral stagnation is thus a rational response to a high-friction, low-trust system rather than a knowledge deficit. Conclusion: Policy inertia and public disengagement represent a single dysfunctional equilibrium where institutional incapacity drives rational citizen withdrawal. Effective reform must address governance structures and service reliability alongside behavioral interventions. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study advances a novel integrated marketing–policy framework that models the feedback loop between institutional failure and citizen behavior. By bridging institutional theory and behavioral economics, it reframes governance dysfunction as a tangible service failure that directly undermines public participation in waste management systems
REGENerasi: Renewable bioenergy technology based on anaerobic fermentation and IoT from corn and straw waste to address the energy crisis for farmers in the era of climate change
No full textBackground: Indonesia, as an agrarian country, faces a major challenge in the form of an energy crisis within the agricultural sector, increasingly exacerbated by climate change. Approximately 62% of agricultural energy demand in Indonesia still relies on conventional methods, while irrigation energy requirements continue to rise by an average of 15% per planting season in drought-prone areas. Consequently, 64% of farmers report energy cost increases exceeding 20%, and 27% experience partial crop failures, posing a threat to national food security. To address these challenges, this study proposes an innovation called REGENerasi: a renewable bioenergy technology based on anaerobic fermentation and the Internet of Things (IoT), utilizing corn and straw waste. Methods: This study employs a literature-based analytical approach to explore the potential of integrating anaerobic fermentation reactors with IoT sensors for efficient bioenergy production. The anaerobic fermentation process converts lignocellulosic agricultural residues particularly corn cobs and straw containing 32–40% cellulose, 25–30% hemicellulose, and 15–20% lignin into biogas (methane), biochar, and liquid fertilizer within a multi-integrated system. IoT-based monitoring and control systems were theoretically assessed for their capacity to enhance biomass conversion efficiency and energy savings. Findings: The literature review reveals that IoT integration in anaerobic fermentation systems can improve biomass conversion efficiency by up to 35% and reduce energy consumption by 20%. The use of high-lignocellulose agricultural waste, such as corn and straw residues, provides a sustainable substrate for biogas production. The proposed system has potential to generate thermal and electrical energy while simultaneously producing biochar and organic fertilizer, creating a circular and environmentally friendly agricultural energy model. Conclusion: This bioenergy innovation strengthens farmers’ energy independence and contributes to climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. It aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 Climate Action by promoting local renewable energy solutions within the agricultural sector. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the development of an adaptive renewable bioenergy system that integrates anaerobic fermentation with IoT technology using corn and straw waste as substrates. This multi-integrated model offers a new pathway for sustainable energy generation and circular resource management in rural agricultural communities, particularly in East Java, Indonesia
School operators' perspectives on the administrative performance of teachers and principals: Barriers, challenges, and recommendations for improving efficiency
No full textBackground: Administrative performance in schools plays a crucial role in ensuring effective management and educational quality. However, teachers and principals often face challenges related to workload and administrative complexity. This study aims to analyze the perspectives of school operators (OpS) on the administrative performance of teachers and principals, the obstacles encountered in administrative tasks, and their recommendations to overcome these challenges. Previous studies have shown that administrative burdens can affect teaching quality and leadership effectiveness, yet limited research has explored these issues from the perspective of school operators in Indonesia. Methods: This quantitative study employed a survey approach involving 493 respondents representing various educational levels across Indonesia. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to identify patterns, trends, and relationships among variables related to administrative performance. Findings: The majority of respondents came from Java Island, with a predominance of elementary school participants. Teachers’ administrative performance was generally rated as good, although they encountered obstacles such as heavy workloads, insufficient facilities, and frequent policy changes. Principals also demonstrated good administrative performance, particularly in communication and staff coordination, yet faced challenges related to limited time and coordination barriers. School operators recommended training in administrative technology, time management, and administrative leadership for improvement. Conclusion: The study concludes that continuous training, improved facilities, and consistent administrative policies are essential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of school administrative performance. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study contributes new insights by presenting the unique perspectives of school operators regarding the administrative performance of teachers and principals in Indonesia, emphasizing the need for policy and management reforms to support more efficient school administration
Socio-demographic and environmental determinants of hepatitis A preventive behaviors in densely populated urban communities
No full textBackground: Urban hepatitis A outbreaks in Indonesia highlight the need to understand preventive behaviors beyond biomedical factors. This study applies Green's health behavior theory to examine demographic, behavioral, and environmental determinants of hepatitis A preventive in an urban Jakarta community. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and preventive behaviors toward Hepatitis A, in order to provide evidence-based recommendations for effective public health interventions. Methods: This study conducted a cross-sectional analytic study among residents aged 15–45 years using a validated questionnaire. Variables included knowledge, attitudes, and information exposure alongside demographics. Data were analyzed with chi-square tests for categorical associations. Findings: Older age, female gender, higher education, employment, better knowledge, positive attitudes, and information exposure were associated with practicing hepatitis A preventive behaviors (e.g., safe water/food handling, hand hygiene) (p < 0.05). The survey in the Kemayoran District showed a high level of compliance in hand washing and clean water use, but inconsistent practices still occurred in relation to thorough cooking of food and technical understanding of the virus etiology. The results of the study identified a significant gap between knowledge and behavior, where moderate attitudes and incomplete health literacy hindered the transition from general awareness to consistent protective actions. Conclusion: Predisposing (knowledge, attitudes), enabling (access to clean water/sanitation), and reinforcing factors (community and health-worker support) jointly predict preventive practices. Findings inform culturally responsive, nurse-led community interventions in low-resource urban settings. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article addresses the gap that most studies in Indonesia have focused only on biomedical or knowledge-based aspects. The study provides a culturally relevant framework for targeted public health interventions in urban communities by integrating demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors
Association between access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices and stunting among children under five: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition condition that leads to impaired growth and development, primarily caused by inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the association between WASH factors and stunting in children under five. Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted using the PICO research question. The study population involves children aged 0 to 59 months to analyze how unimproved water, sanitation, and hygiene compare with improved practices in affecting stunting outcomes. Relevant articles were systematically retrieved from several databases including PubMed, BMC, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link, with inclusion criteria focusing on cross-sectional and longitudinal studies published between 2020 and 2025. All gathered data were subsequently synthesized and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4 application to ensure a rigorous evaluation of the research findings. Findings: Meta-analysis included 6 studies from Indonesia and Ethiopia. The risk of stunting increased with unimproved sanitation (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.20–1.48; p < 0.00001), unimproved hygiene (aOR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.73–1.84; p = 0.530) unimproved water (aOR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.94–1.29; p = 0.250) increased the risk of stunting, but it was statistically not significant. Conclusion: Unimproved water, sanitation and hygiene increase the risk of stunting. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a separated evaluation of water, sanitation, and hygiene factors using evidence from 2020–2025 to clarify specific WASH-related determinants contributing to stunting among children under five
Mapping environmental contamination of carbon footprints and health impact from the breastmilk substitutes consumption in Southeast Asia: A scoping review
No full textBackground: In Southeast Asia, breastmilk substitutes (BMS) have quickly turned into a widely accepted social practice. But the health and environmental effects are not thoroughly examined. BMS producers and manufacturers, through their industrial processes, packaging waste, and transportation, are the major contributors to ecological degradation, while formula feeding brings health risks for infants. Methods: This scoping review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and brought together results from 23 articles published in reputable journals between 2015 and 2025. The databases explored were PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Crossref. Data was gathered, and the latter was done through the Joanna Briggs Institute tools, and then it was analyzed thematically. Findings: There is a clear link between BMS production and consumption, and major environmental impacts resulting from these 3-MCPD, glycidyl esters are examples of chemical contaminants; microplastics and large amounts of GHG emissions are also included (3–6 kg CO₂-eq per kg product). Water and energy use are augmented due to formula preparation, and the disposal of materials has worsened plastic pollution in urban rivers. Health investigations pointed out that babies on a formula diet are more exposed to infections. Economists' forecasts have also pointed to avoidable health and environmental costs arising from reduced breastfeeding, and these are found to be considerable. Conclusion: The use of BMS has a detrimental effect on both mankind and nature, while breastfeeding is still the most eco-friendly and health-producing feeding technique. Novelty/Originality: Besides being the first study to establish BMS consumption with environmental contamination, carbon footprints, and health outcomes in Southeast Asia, this review also redefined infant feeding as an issue of planetary health
A typology of food consumption patterns in ASEAN: A cluster analysis of convergence and divergence (2010-2022)
No full textBackground: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a global epicenter of the nutrition transition, where rapid economic growth, urbanization, and globalization are profoundly reshaping food consumption patterns. This study aims to quantitatively map the evolving typology of dietary patterns across ASEAN and determine whether homogenization, divergence, or a multi-polar clustering best characterizes the region's food consumption evolution from 2010 to 2022. Methods: Employing a rigorous quantitative framework, this research analyzes detailed FAO Food Balance Sheet data for eight ASEAN countries. This study calculated structural similarity indices using the Manhattan distance and performed hierarchical cluster analysis via the vector elimination algorithm to group countries based on their calorie-source composition. This methodological approach allows for a systematic examination of dietary structures beyond aggregate caloric intake. Findings: This study analysis reveals a clear trend of dietary multi-polarity, challenging the convergence thesis. The number of distinct dietary clusters increased from four in 2010 to five in 2022. The identified clusters include an animal protein and sugar-rich group (Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam), a starchy staple-dependent group (Cambodia, Lao PDR), a unique palm oil and poultry-driven cluster (Indonesia), and two distinct standalone clusters (Malaysia and Myanmar). This fragmentation underscores that globalizing forces interact with local agricultural systems, cultural preferences, and path dependencies to produce sustained dietary diversity. Conclusion: This study conclude that ASEAN is experiencing a "multi-polar nutrition transition." The principal implication is that uniform, one-size-fits-all food system policies are inadequate. Instead, the identified typology provides a critical evidence base for designing targeted, cluster-sensitive interventions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research provides the first longitudinal, cluster-based typology of ASEAN food consumption patterns over a critical period of regional integration. It challenges linear convergence theories by empirically demonstrating sustained multi-polarity and offers a novel, practical framework for cluster-sensitive sustainability and public health policymaking
Food security dynamics in emerging regions: Integrating dietary diversity and expenditure-based measures
No full textBackground: Intan Jaya Regency and Puncak Regency in Central Papua Province are among the five regencies with the lowest food security index in Indonesia. As a newly established province, ensuring adequate food security constitutes a strategic foundation for sustainable regional development. This study aims to analyze the level of food security, the degree of food diversification, and the socioeconomic factors influencing household food security in Central Papua Province. Methods: The research utilizes secondary data from the March 2024 SUSENAS (National Socio-Economic Survey), published by Badan Pusat Statistik (Central Bureau of Statistics), comprising a total sample of 1,060 households across Intan Jaya and Puncak Regencies. Food security analysis is conducted using the Johnsson and Toole method, which combines indicators of food expenditure share and energy adequacy levels, while the factors affecting food security are identified through binary logistic regression. Findings: The results indicate that (1) household food security in Central Papua Province falls into the food-insecure category, (2) the level of food diversification is categorized as high, and (3) significant socioeconomic determinants include household income, household size, and the education level of the household head. The integration of the Johnsson and Toole method with food diversification analysis within the context of a newly formed province enables this study to provide a more detailed and comprehensive depiction of food security dynamics in Central Papua Province. Conclusion: Household food security in Central Papua Province remains food-insecure despite diversified diets, with income, family size, and education as key determinants, underscoring the need for income support, agricultural training, and improved educational access. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely integrates the Johnsson and Toole method with dietary diversification analysis using 2024 SUSENAS data from Badan Pusat Statistik to uncover the paradox of high diet diversity yet persistent food insecurity in Intan Jaya Regency and Puncak Regency
Factors associated with dermatitis preventive behavior: A community-based study
No full textBackground: As the prevalence of dermatitis continues to increase in Indonesia, particularly in urban areas, preventive behavior becomes a crucial determinant. National data from the 2018 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) reported a prevalence of 6.8%, with some provinces including Jakarta showing rates above the national average. Preventive behavior against dermatitis is influenced by demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and access to information. Methods: This study employed a quantitative analytic observational design using a cross-sectional approach. A total of 106 respondents aged 15–45 years in Kemayoran District, Jakarta, were selected through quota sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that had passed validity and reliability testing (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.70). Analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test. Findings: The results showed that respondents aged 31–45 years (60%), females (57.9%), those with higher education levels (67.4%), employed individuals (61.7%), respondents with good knowledge (66.2%), positive attitudes (60.5%), and those exposed to information about dermatitis (63%) were more likely to adopt preventive behaviors. Significant associations were found between preventive behavior and demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation), knowledge, attitudes, and information exposure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Demographic factors, knowledge, attitudes, and information exposure significantly influence dermatitis prevention behavior in urban communities. These findings highlight the importance of targeted health promotion programs, especially for groups with lower education and limited access to dermatological information. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study provides new empirical evidence by examining dermatitis prevention behavior in Kemayoran District, a densely populated urban area that has rarely been investigated, thereby enriching the literature on preventive health behavior in Indonesia
Women’s invisible labor in coconut sugar farming: Insights from standpoint theory and gender-responsive policies
No full textBackground: In various agricultural sectors, women make significant contributions to all stages of agricultural activities, yet their presence often fails to receive equal social and economic recognition. One subsector that clearly illustrates this issue is coconut sugar farming, particularly in rural areas of Banyumas. This study aims to reveal the invisibility of women's roles in traditional agricultural systems and to understand how women interpret, negotiate, and maintain their existence within a masculine social structure. Through the Standpoint Theory approach, this study seeks to reveal how these forms of invisibility are formed and reproduced through culture, economics, and everyday language. Methods: Through observation and in-depth interviews with women farmers in Cilongok District, Banyumas, this study seeks to reveal the experiences of women farmers in the coconut sugar production process. The data analysis technique used in this study was Braun & Clarke's Thematic Analysis. Findings: The study found that the invisibility of women's roles in the coconut sugar production process is evident in their lack of formal recognition and access to institutional facilities. Women are also faced with the double burden of having to juggle their work processing palm sap with their domestic duties. Nevertheless, women farmers view their roles as a consequence of the formal system's perspective, which defines work risks based on masculine standards. Conclusion: Therefore, there needs to be formal recognition and economic empowerment of women's contributions to the coconut sugar industry, which have been neglected by patriarchal culture. This is important for maintaining the sustainability of this traditional industry. Novelty/Originality of this Article: The novelty of this research lies in revealing gender inequality and the invisibility of women's roles in the coconut sugar industry in Banyumas through the perspective of women themselves, as well as in proposing gender-responsive labor protection policies for women farmers in the agricultural sector