Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
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Risk contamination Cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soil to national food security: An integrative study
No full textBackground: Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils poses serious risks to ecosystem stability, crop productivity, and food security in Indonesia. Industrial discharge and long-term agrochemical use contribute to increasing Cd accumulation, particularly in intensively cultivated and industrialized regions. This study evaluates spatial variation, contamination levels, and ecological risks of Cd in agricultural soils in West Java and Central Java. Methods: A quantitative descriptive–comparative approach was applied using secondary data from indexed scientific publications and Statistics Indonesia (BPS) for 2022–2024. Standardized Cd concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) obtained from AAS and ICP–OES analyses were synthesized. Contamination Factor (CF) and Ecological Risk factor (Er) were calculated using the Hakanson (1980) model. Correlation analysis examined the relationship between soil Cd levels and the percentage of polluted villages. Findings: Bandung Regency (West Java) showed the highest Cd concentration (6.6 mg/kg) with extreme ecological risk (Er = 990), linked to textile and electroplating industries and wastewater discharge. The Brebes–Demak–Pati region (Central Java) recorded moderate to high contamination (2.2 mg/kg; Er = 330), mainly from prolonged fertilizer and pesticide use. Despite soil contamination, Cd in rice from Semarang remained below detection limits (<0.02 mg/kg). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.72) confirms spatial association between industrial density and soil Cd burden. Conclusion: Cd contamination presents significant ecological risks, especially in industrial-agricultural zones. Strengthened industrial waste regulation, integrated soil–water monitoring, and periodic evaluation are essential to prevent further accumulation and safeguard food security. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study integrates ecological risk modeling with spatial-statistical correlation using recent national data, providing an updated comparative assessment of Cd contamination dynamics across key agricultural regions in Indonesia
Individual criminal responsibility for crimes against humanity: A juridical analysis of the decisions of the international criminal court
No full textBackground: Crimes against humanity are among the gravest offences under international criminal law and require individual criminal responsibility to prevent impunity. The International Criminal Court (ICC), established by the Rome Statute, provides a framework on crimes against humanity and modes of liability, yet its case law reveals doctrinal tensions. This article examines how the Court interprets and applies individual criminal responsibility in such cases. Methods: The research employs a normative legal method using statute and case approaches. It analyses provisions of the Rome Statute on crimes against humanity and individual responsibility, and reviews selected ICC judgments, which are qualitatively assessed to evaluate coherence and trends in the Court’s reasoning. Findings: The study finds that the Court has developed an architecture of modes of liability, including direct perpetration, co-perpetration, indirect perpetration, participation, and command responsibility, each with distinct actus reus and mens rea requirements. However, overlaps between modes, fluctuating evidentiary thresholds for senior leaders, and divergences between Trial and Appeals Chambers generate uncertainty and raise concerns about consistency and fairness. These dynamics reveal a gap between the conceptual aims of international criminal law and its practical enforcement before the ICC. Conclusion: The article concludes that, although the Court has advanced the doctrine of individual criminal responsibility for crimes against humanity, significant doctrinal and practical challenges remain. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers a structured mapping of modes of liability in ICC jurisprudence and links those patterns to wider debates on the legitimacy and effectiveness of international criminal justice
The clash between state law and customary law in the settlement of inheritance disputes
No full textBackground: Inheritance disputes in indigenous communities frequently arise from tensions between state law and living customary law. In Toraja society, inheritance distribution is traditionally governed by patrilineal norms, whereas state law emphasizes equal inheritance rights for sons and daughters, creating practical and normative friction in dispute resolution. Prior socio-legal discussions on legal pluralism indicate that customary authority often remains dominant in community life, yet state legal standards increasingly frame rights-based protection, including gender equality, as a core benchmark in adjudication. This study aims to examine how state legal norms and Toraja customary rules interact, compete, and shape outcomes in inheritance dispute resolution, and to identify a feasible pathway for harmonization that can support fairness and social justice. Methods: This research employs a juridical-normative method using a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Legal materials were collected through library research, including relevant legislation, judicial reasoning patterns in inheritance disputes, and doctrinal writings on customary law, gender equality, and legal pluralism, and then analyzed qualitatively through systematic interpretation and legal argumentation. Findings: The analysis shows that Toraja customary law remains highly authoritative and socially binding, influencing dispute settlement preferences and community compliance, but it tends to produce unequal outcomes where inheritance is allocated primarily through male lineage. Conversely, state law provides stronger normative support for gender-equal inheritance rights, offering broader protection for daughters when disputes reach formal legal institutions. The findings indicate that the tension is not merely procedural but conceptual: customary legitimacy is grounded in communal continuity, while state law prioritizes equality-based rights, requiring adjudication that can translate both values into a reasoned, socially acceptable decision. Conclusion: Harmonization is necessary to ensure inheritance dispute resolution is both socially legitimate and substantively just, particularly in safeguarding gender equality without disregarding customary authority. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article contributes an integrated normative model for resolving Toraja inheritance disputes by positioning judicial dialogue between state law and customary law as a structured mechanism for balancing communal legitimacy and equality-based rights within a plural legal setting
The influence of religio-spiritual insights and advertising antecedent factors on the advertising attitude of Muslim consumers in Indonesia during religious festival
Get PDFBackground: The delivery of an advertisement is crucial, as advertisements aim to attract and influence consumers. This is especially true when targeting a specific group or one with cultural ties, where an advertisement must be meticulously designed to elicit a positive response. This study investigates the influence of advertising antecedent factors on consumer advertising attitude towards the 2025 Ultra Milk Ramadan advertisement. This research identifies five advertising antecedent factors: entertainment, credibility, informativeness, good for economy, and irritation. Furthermore, this study examines the impact of consumers' religio-spiritual insights on advertising attitude, given that Muslim consumers are the primary target audience for this advertisement, set against the backdrop of a religious festival (such as the holy month of Ramadan). Methods: The research model is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). This study adopts a quantitative method using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) with AMOS 22 software. Primary data was collected through questionnaires distributed via non-probability (judgmental sampling) involving 300 Muslim consumer respondents in Java. Findings: This study finds that two factors significantly influence advertising attitude: entertainment (β = 0.235, t = 1.971, p = 0.049) and informativeness (β = 0.782, t = 3.918, p = <0.001). Conclusion: It is crucial for businesses to design their advertisements to be engaging and to ensure the information contained within them is readily comprehensible to consumer audiences, especially when targeting Muslim consumers during religious festivals. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research focused on Muslim consumers in Indonesia as its respondents, with the Ultra Milk Ramadan 2025 advertisement functioning as the primary research stimulus
Reformulation of anti-money laundering policy on crypto assets through the integrated criminal justice system with global regulatory standards
No full textBackground: The emergence of crypto assets as a digital asset has transformed the global financial system, offered innovation but also generated new risks, particularly money laundering (ML). In Indonesia, crypto assets are not recognized as legal tender but has shifted from being classified as a commodity under Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency/Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi (BAPPEBTI) to a digital financial asset under the supervision of Financial Services Authority/Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) through the enactment of the Law on Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector/Undang-Undang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan (UU P2SK), PP No.49/2024, and POJK No.27/2024. However, the current Anti Money Laundering (AML) framework, especially Law on the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering/Undang-Undang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (UU PPTPPU), has not fully integrated Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations, especially regarding Virtual Assets (VA) and Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP). Method: This study employs a doctrinal legal research method utilizing statute, comparative, and conceptual approaches to analyze the reformulation of the Indonesian Anti-Money Laundering Law in alignment with Lawrence Friedman’s legal system theory. The analysis follows a deductive logic by synthesizing primary and secondary legal materials to develop a policy framework that integrates an Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS) with machine learning technology for detecting crypto-based money laundering. Finding: Findings reveal that the absence of VA and VASP in Indonesian Anti-Money Laundering Law creates legal gaps that may be exploited by criminals. Reformulation is urgently needed by incorporating VA and VASP definitions, strengthening reporting obligations, and integrating technology such as machine learning in the PPATK’s goAML platform. Conclusion: An Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS) model is required to harmonize regulation, institutional coordination, and law enforcement culture. Such a framework is expected to create an adaptive AML system against cryptocurrency-based ML while maintaining financial integrity and supporting sustainable economic development. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research introduces a "techno-legal" transition model for Indonesia’s AML regime, bridging the legislative gap between the new Law on Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector and the outdated Indonesian Anti-Money Laundering Law
Social capital in a capitalocene risk society: An integrative analysis to eco-society structure
Get PDFBackground: Indonesian society facing both escalating natural and anthropogenic disasters. However, the populace is inadequately prepared for this upheaval due to systemic limitations in cultural, strategic, and infrastructural capacity, which classify them as a vulnerable and high-risk society. Theoretically speaking, the Capitalocene paradigm points out that unveiling the capitalist structures behind modernity is essential to truly understand Indonesia’s status as a Risk Society. This study, therefore, aims to explore the potential shift beyond conventional disaster resilience by enhancing societal adaptability to actively confront the risks of the Capitalocene era. Method: This paper utilize the Integrative Literature Review (ILR) method and applies the concepts of the Capitalocene and Chthulucene alongside the social capital model. Finding: The analysis find that social capital, particularly its bonding form, is a crucial factor in enhancing community resilience. It demonstrates a strong relationship with sustainable livelihoods and adaptive capacity across disasters context. Critically, the jeopardized relationship between society and the state is fully exposed through the Capitalocene lens, necessitating the Eco-Society structure to implement three conceptual criteria that address core failures in accountability, knowledge, and relational philosophy. Conclusion: The Eco-Society structure is feasible for implementation within Indonesian society as a necessary framework to confront the Capitalocene Risk Society. Novelty/Originality of this article: As the Eco-Society remains widely unknown in sustainability research, the novelty of this study lies in proposing criteria for its implementation, offering a model applicable to broader research aims and scopes, particularly within the Indonesia context
GEOMINING-ALERT: Smart monitoring of acid mine drainage based on colorimetric strip integrated mobile-app for participatory mapping towards SDGs 2030
No full textBackground: Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) remains one of the most severe and persistent environmental issues in post-mining landscapes, leading to acidic runoff and heavy-metal contamination that endanger aquatic ecosystems and human health. Previous studies highlight the limited accessibility of conventional monitoring tools due to their high cost and dependency on laboratory infrastructure. Therefore, this study aims to develop a participatory, low-cost monitoring framework called GEOMINING-ALERT, which integrates colorimetric strip technology and mobile-based applications for real-time AMD detection and reporting. Methods: This study employed a descriptive qualitative design-based research approach consisting of four stages: literature synthesis on AMD chemistry and participatory monitoring, prototype design of a colorimetric strip and mobile interface, integration of both components into a cloud-based dashboard, and comparative validation against existing monitoring frameworks. Data were obtained from peer-reviewed journals, technical reports, and secondary environmental databases, and analyzed using comparative synthesis to identify methodological and technological gaps. Findings: The GEOMINING-ALERT system demonstrated comparable precision to laboratory analyses, with less than 5% relative error and a 60% reduction in data reporting latency. The participatory framework increased community engagement, transparency, and environmental literacy while enhancing inter-institutional collaboration under the Penta-Helix model. Conclusion: GEOMINING-ALERT effectively bridges scientific monitoring and citizen participation, establishing a scalable early-warning system for AMD management. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces a novel socio-technological model that merges colorimetric chemistry, mobile sensing, and citizen science to produce co-generated environmental intelligence, promoting inclusive sustainability toward the 2030 SDGs
Nosarara Nosabatutu as local wisdom for environmental and social character formation in a plural society
No full textBackground: Local wisdom remains a vital foundation for social harmony and moral formation in plural societies, yet its relevance is increasingly challenged by globalization and cultural shifts among youth. One of the most prominent local philosophies of the To Kaili community in Palu City is Nosarara Nosabatutu, which emphasizes unity, brotherhood, togetherness, and collective responsibility. Previous studies have largely positioned this philosophy as a cultural identity or conflict-resolution mechanism, while its role in youth character education has not been sufficiently examined. This study aims to analyze the meaning of Nosarara Nosabatutu in a plural social context, identify challenges in preserving its values, and examine its role in shaping youth character. Methods: This research employs a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with four key informants consisting of cultural figures, historians, educators, and academics, supported by document analysis and interpretative thematic analysis. Findings: The findings show that Nosarara Nosabatutu functions as a living social philosophy that strengthens solidarity and social cohesion, yet its transmission is hindered by weakening intergenerational communication, diverse linguistic interpretations, limited institutional reinforcement, and cultural transformation driven by modernization. The study further reveals that the values embedded in this philosophy are closely aligned with character education goals, particularly in fostering empathy, cooperation, social responsibility, and peaceful interaction among youth. These results demonstrate a strong correspondence between local wisdom theory and character formation practices within educational and social settings. Conclusion: In conclusion, Nosarara Nosabatutu has a strategic role in youth character education when integrated across family, school, and community environments. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in positioning Nosarara Nosabatutu not merely as a cultural symbol, but as a context-based character education framework that is adaptable to contemporary plural societies
Gender–responsive public space: An inclusivity perspective toward sustainable urban development
Get PDFBackground: Gender-inclusive public spaces play a crucial role in supporting social interaction, safety, and economic participation for diverse user groups, particularly women and vulnerable communities. In the Indonesian urban context, the integration of gender–responsive architectural principles in public space design remains uneven and is often constrained by normative and policy-oriented approaches. This study aims to identify key principles of gender–responsive architecture and examine their relevance to social and economic impacts in public spaces. Methods: This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach using document analysis. Data were collected from international guidelines, national policies, and academic literature related to gender–responsive planning, inclusive design, and public space development. The documents were selected based on relevance and credibility, and analyzed using thematic coding to identify recurring architectural principles and their associated social and economic implications. Findings: The findings reveal several core principles of gender–responsive architecture in public spaces, including accessibility, safety, visibility, spatial legibility, and universal design. These principles are closely associated with positive social outcomes such as increased sense of safety, social interaction, and inclusiveness, as well as economic impacts through the activation of informal economic activities, micro-enterprises, and community-based creative initiatives. Conclusion: The study concludes that gender–responsive architectural principles provide an essential framework for creating inclusive and human-centered public spaces in Indonesia. By systematically linking design principles with social and economic outcomes, this research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of gender-inclusive public space development. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article offers an original contribution by systematically synthesizing gender–responsive architectural principles and explicitly linking them to social and economic impacts in Indonesian public spaces, thereby advancing human-centered public space design and placemaking evaluation within urban streetscape and public realm studies
Development strategy toward renewable energy society: Integrating energy potential, efficiency, and community awareness
No full textBackground: Energy demand continues to rise in line with global population and industrial growth. In Indonesia, approximately 87.3% of total energy supply is still generated from fossil-fuel-based power plants, leading to high CO₂ emissions and environmental degradation. Despite its abundant renewable resources, such as hydropower, solar, and wind, the national transition toward clean energy remains slow. This study aims to examine strategic pathways to accelerate renewable energy development and establish a renewable energy–based society in Indonesia. Methods: This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data derived from previous studies and official national statistics to evaluate Indonesia’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profile and renewable energy potential. Analytical techniques include the driver pressure state impact response (DPSIR) framework to assess causal relationships between human activities and environmental impacts, complemented by logical framework analysis (LFA) to identify the root causes hindering the adoption of renewable energy technologies. Findings: The study reveals that Indonesia possesses sufficient renewable energy resources to substitute existing coal-fired power plants entirely through the optimization of hydropower, solar, and wind energy systems. However, the transition process is hindered by multiple challenges, including technical limitations, financial constraints, and inconsistent policy implementation. The findings also emphasize the importance of community awareness, sustainable urban planning, and electrification of transportation systems to support nationwide decarbonization efforts. Conclusion: The development of a renewable energy society integrating energy efficiency, environmental awareness, and policy reform constitutes a critical step toward achieving a sustainable and climate-resilient future for Indonesia. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces a holistic framework for establishing a renewable energy society in Indonesia by combining the DPSIR and LFA analytical methods. The proposed framework not only identifies systemic barriers but also outlines practical and policy-based strategies to accelerate the national energy transition while maintaining social, economic, and environmental sustainability