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Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie
No full textThe theory of rational lawgiver uses an assumption of normativity of legal text. The authors propose several definitions to express theoretical possibility and to show real cases of nonnormative fragments of integral (articulated) parts of legal texts and normative fragments of other parts of legal text. Three types of normativity are defined: the broadest, broad, and strict. The notion of normativity is connected with notions of redundancy and uselessness of legal texts. The authors examine in this context five elements constituting legal system: (1) legal provisions ‒ basic element of the integral (articulated) part of a normative act, (2) fragments of legal provision, (3) elements of the non-integral (non-articulated) part of a normative acts, (4) normative acts in their entirety, (5) judgements of the constitutional court as sui generis interventions in the current legal text. The analyze leads to showing four basic types of errors in legal provisions, which are dubbed: “doubles,” “widows,” “orphans,” and “botches.” In closing remarks the authors signal perspectives of formulation of a complex theory of redundancy and uselessness of legal text.141529-544at_publicationfinal_publishe
Frontiers in Nutrition
No full textConsumers often use their food choices as an impression management strategy to signal desirable aspects about themselves to others, especially in public places like restaurants and cafeterias, where the presence of others can promote certain consumption choices and preference patterns. In mating contexts, people prefer gender-typical traits and characteristics in a potential partner. Food options can also be classified according to their gender typicality, with certain alternatives perceived as feminine (e.g., salad, seafood) and with other options perceived as more masculine (e.g., steak, burger). Drawing on impression management theories from the drinking and dining domain and literature on sex differences in human mate preferences, we present a high-powered experiment investigating whether consumers’ preferences for masculine or feminine foods depend on the social setting in which the food consumption takes place: dining with an attractive date (mating) or meeting and eating with friends (non-mating). Participants (N = 162, 46.9% females, 53.1% males; age M = 41.8 years, SD = 14.5) were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions (mating vs. non-mating) and were asked to indicate their food preferences for 15 dishes that differed markedly in perceived femininity/masculinity. Consistent with our theorizing, females (males) generally had a stronger preference for foods perceived as more feminine (masculine), thereby supporting the gender-typicality thesis at the aggregate level. Furthermore, females in the mating condition—but not females in the non-mating condition—reported significantly stronger preferences for more feminine food alternatives. However, in direct contrast to our theorizing, males preferred more masculine meals in the non-mating condition (i.e., when dining with friends), whereas this gender-typical tendency did not emerge in the mating condition (i.e., when dining with an attractive date). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and present a set of fruitful avenues for future research.101-10at_publicationfinal_publishe
Teoria Polityki
No full text7167-1912021/41/B/HS5/00536Od Samoobrony do Agrounii. Wiejskie ruchy społeczne po 1989 rokuat_publicationfinal_publishe
International Political Science Review
No full text1-252020-EU-IA-0267Central European Digital Media Observatory (CEDMO)before_publicationfinal_autho
Person and the Challenges-The Journal of Theology Education Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
No full textThe author’s intention was to recall the definition, genesis and development of the Polish Catholic press in various historical and political periods by reviewing the available literature on the subject. The emergence of Catholic-oriented periodicals in Poland dates back to the first half of the 19th century during the partitions, while significant development took place after the Second Polish Republic regained independence. The first years of the People’s Republic of Poland were characterised by illusory democratic freedoms, which is why new Catholic periodicals were established. An important turning point came in 1953, when almost all periodicals published by the Catholic Church were closed. Between 1953 and 1956, the editorship of Tygodnik Powszechny was taken over by the PAX Association, which collaborated with the Communist authorities, with the aim of dividing Catholic circles. During the political thaw, some titles were reinstated, although their content was still subject to strict censorship. The democratic changes of 1989 brought in the free market, which in turn became a financial challenge for Catholic editorial boards. Due to a lack of funds, the longstanding Przegląd Powszechny ceased its publications in 2012. The article is an informative and bibliographical review and shows the correlation between the development of the press and changing political conditions. The analysis results in a fragmentary study of the selected press segment.131203-223at_publicationfinal_publishe
