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Anti-tumor effects of fenofibrate through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-independent pathways
No full textFenofibrate는 퍼옥시좀 증식체 활성화 수용체(Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha: PPARα)로 지질 대사를 조절하며, 세포의 성장, 분화, 자멸사를 조절하는 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근에는 항암제로서의 가능성이 주목받고 있으나, 그 작용 기전은 명확히 규명되지 않았다. 기존 연구에서는 fenofibrate가 아릴 탄화수소 수용체(Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: AHR)의 발현을 증가시키고, 이와 관련된 경로를 조절하여 종양 성장을 억제하는 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 그러나 fenofibrate가 AHR의 비의존적 경로를 활성화하여 세포 자멸사 및 종양 성장을 억제하는 방식에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 LLC1 암세포를 이식받은 마우스의 간 및 종양 조직에서 PCR을 수행하였다. 그 결과, fenofibrate 투여 군에서 AHR 관련 유전자(AHR, IL4i1, TGF-β)의 발현이 증가하고, 종양 성장이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 또한 Fenofibrate 단독 처리보다 AHR 억제제 CH-223191과의 병용 처리 시 세포질에서 AHR 발현이 더 크게 증가하였으며, 세포 자멸사도 유의미하게 증가하였다. CH-223191은 AHR의 핵 이동과 전사를 억제하여 AHR이 세포질에 머물게 하며, 비활성화 상태로 유지된다. 따라서, AHR 리간드 역할을 한다고 판단되는 fenofibrate를 사용하여 연구를 진행하였다. AHR이 억제된 상태에서 fenofibrate를 처리하였을 때, AHR 비의존적 경로를 통해 암세포 자멸사를 유도하는 메커니즘을 규명하고, 이를 바탕으로 새로운 항암 치료 전략으로서 fenofibrate의 가능성을 제시한다.
중심단어 : LLC1, fenofibrate, AHR, CH-223191Maste
Association between hearing loss and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis : Retrospective cohort study
No full textThe high degree of vascularization in the cochlear sensory neural structures has led several studies to report an association between hearing loss and a history of cardiovascular disease, including its risk factors and measures of atherosclerosis. However, data are limited concerning the association between hearing loss and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals. This study was performed to investigate the association between hearing loss and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis detected using coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA).
We retrospectively analyzed 9,286 individuals (mean age, 53.8 ± 8.0 years; men, 6,014 [64.8%]) with no history of coronary artery disease (CAD) who voluntarily underwent CCTA and audiometry as part of a general medical checkup. The presence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was evaluated using CCTA, and ≥50% diameter stenosis was considered obstructive CAD. Individuals whose hearing threshold in the better ear exceeded 40 decibel hearing levels (dB HL) were classified into a moderate hearing loss group. Those who did not meet this criterion were categorized as a no hearing loss group.
In total, 455 (4.9%) participants were assigned to the moderate hearing loss group. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, no statistically significant differences were observed for any coronary plaque (odds ratio [OR] 1.162, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.930–1.450; p =.186), calcified plaque (OR 1.097, 95% CI 0.880–1.367; p =.411), non-calcified plaque (OR 1.150, 95% CI 0.827–1.599; p =.406), or obstructive CAD (OR 1.065, 95% CI 0.780–1.456; p =.691) between two groups. However, a significant association was observed between participants with hearing loss greater than 40 dB HL and mixed plaque (OR 1.557; 95% CI 1.089–2.226; p =.015). In a propensity score-matched population (n = 860), a significant association was observed between participants with hearing loss greater than 40 dB HL and mixed plaque (OR 1.771, 95% CI 1.081–2.902; p =.023).
Additionally, to examine the potential impact of even milder hearing loss, we established a new mild hearing loss group, which included participants with hearing thresholds exceeding 25 dB HL in their better ear and redefined no hearing loss group to include only those with thresholds of 25 dB HL or lower. Of the participants, 1,725 (18.6%) were classified into the mild hearing loss group. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, a significant association was observed between hearing loss greater than 25 dB HL and mixed plaque (OR 1.300, 95% CI 1.002-1.686; p =.048) and in the propensity score-matched population, this association remained significant (OR 1.352, 95% CI 1.004-1.821; p =.047).
In this cross-sectional study involving asymptomatic individuals, a significant association was observed between hearing loss and the presence of mixed plaque, which is considered a high-risk or vulnerable plaque, suggesting a potential link between hearing loss and poorer cardiac outcomes.|와우의 높은 혈관성에 근거하여, 여러 연구에서 난청과 심혈관 질환의 병력이나 위험 인자 또는 난청과 죽상동맥경화증 사이의 연관성이 보고된 바 있다. 그러나 난청과 무증상 관상동맥 죽상경화증 사이의 연관성에 대한 자료는 제한적이다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 관상동맥 컴퓨터단층촬영혈관조영술 (coronary computed tomographic angiography; CCTA)을 통해 확인된 무증상 관상동맥 죽상경화증과 난청 간의 연관성을 조사하고자 하였다.
연구를 위해 관상동맥질환 (CAD)의 병력이 없고 일반 건강검진의 일환으로 CCTA와 청력 검사를 자발적으로 시행한 9,286명 (평균 연령 53.8 ± 8.0세, 남성 6,014명 [64.8%])의 데이터를 후향적으로 분석하였다. CCTA를 통해 무증상 관상동맥 죽상경화증의 유무를 평가하였고, 관상동맥 직경의 50% 이상 협착이 있는 경우 폐쇄성 CAD로 정의하였다. 양이 중 더 나은 귀의 청력 역치가 40 데시벨을 초과한 사람들을 중등도 난청 그룹으로 분류하였다. 그렇지 않은 환자들은 난청 없음 그룹으로 분류되었다.
전체 참가자 중 455명(4.9%)이 중등도 난청 그룹으로 분류되었는데, 심혈관 질환 위험 인자를 보정한 후 두 그룹 간에 전체 관상동맥 경화반 (plaque) (교차비 [OR] 1.162, 95% 신뢰구간 [CI] 0.930–1.450; p =.186), 석회화 경화반 (calcified plaque) (OR 1.097, 95% CI 0.880–1.367; p =.411), 비석회화 경화반 (non-calcified plaque)(OR 1.150, 95% CI 0.827–1.599; p =.406), 폐쇄성 CAD (OR 1.065, 95% CI 0.780–1.456; p =.691)에 있어 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 중등도 이상의 난청이 있는 참가자와 혼합 경화반 (mixed plaque) 간에는 유의한 연관성이 관찰되었으며 (OR 1.557; 95% CI 1.089–2.226; p =.015), 성향 점수 매칭 (Propensity score matching) 후에도 중등도 이상의 난청과 혼합 경화반 사이에 유의한 연관성이 관찰되었다 (OR 1.771, 95% CI 1.081–2.902; p =.023).
더불어, 경미한 청력 손실의 잠재적 영향을 조사하기 위해 더 나은 귀의 청력 역치가 25데시벨을 초과하는 참가자를 경도 난청 그룹으로 다시 분류하고, 25데시벨 이하인 참가자를 난청 없음 그룹으로 재정의하였다. 전체 참가자 중 1,725명(18.6%)이 경도 난청 그룹으로 분류되었다. 심혈관 질환 위험 인자를 보정한 후에도 경도 이상의 난청과 혼합 경화반 사이에 유의한 연관성이 관찰되었으며 (OR 1.300, 95% CI 1.002-1.686; p=0.048), 성향 점수 매칭 집단에서도 연관성은 여전히 유의하게 관찰되었다 (OR 1.352, 95% CI 1.004-1.821; p=0.047).
결론적으로, 무증상자를 대상으로 한 이 단면 연구에서 청력 손실과 고위험 혹은 취약한 경화반으로 여겨지는 혼합 경화반의 존재 사이에 유의미한 연관성이 관찰되었으며, 이러한 결과를 토대로 난청이 심혈관 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 가능성을 제시한다.Maste
Effects of perceived neglect in childhood on depression and interpersonal competence in early adulthood - through the mediated effects of emotional clarity -
No full text본 연구는 아동기 지각된 방임이 초기 성인기 우울과 대인관계유능성에 영향을 주는 과정에서 정서인식명확성의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 17세에서 28세를 대상으로 자기보고식 설문지를 통해 총 300부의 자료를 수집하여 분석에 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS Statistics 29.0 프로그램과 Amos 29.0 프로그램이 사용되었으며, 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 기술통계분석, 상관분석을 실시하였고 측정모형의 타당성 검증을 위한 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형 구성 및 분석, 매개효과 검 증을 위한 부트스트래핑을 실시하였다. 자료를 분석한 결과 모든 변인 사이에 유의한 상관이 발견되었다. 방임과 정서인식명확성, 대인관계유능성은 부적상관으로 확인되었고, 정서인식명확성과 우울은 부적상관, 방임과 우울은 정적상관임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 각 변인들의 구조적 관계를 보기 위해 구조방정식 모형 검증을 실시한 결과 정서인식명확성은 방임과 대인관계유능성을 완전매개하고 방임과 우울은 부분매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 변인 간의 관계를 단편적으로 다루 었던 기존 연구의 한계를 보완하여, 보다 통합적으로 이해할 수 있는 틀을 제안하고자 하였다. 초기 성인기 우울의 치료에 대한 방향을 제시하고 있으며 이와 함께 연구의 의의 및 제한점과 추후연구에 대한 제안을 기술하였다. 주요어 : 방임, 정서인식명확성, 우울, 대인관계유능성|This study aimed to examine how perceived neglect in childhood affects depression and interpersonal competence and to verify the mediation effect of emotional clarity. The research was conducted with a survey of 300 people aged 17 to 28, using self-reported surveys. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0 and AMOS 29.0 for frequency analysis, Reliability analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis; descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Furthermore the study went through confirmatory factor analysis in order to verify the effects of the measurement model, construction and analysis of the structural equation model, and bootstrapping for examining the mediating variables. As a result of analyzing the data, significant correlations were found between all variables. Neglect, emotional clarity, and interpersonal competence were confirmed to be negatively correlated. Emotional clarity and depression were confirmed to be negatively correlated, and neglect and depression were confirmed to be positive correlations. In addition, as a result of conducting a structural equation model test to figure out the structural relationship between each variable, it was found that emotional awareness clarity fully mediated neglect and interpersonal competence, and partially mediated neglect and depression. The results of this study were intended to complement the limitations of existing research that dealt with the piecemeal relationships between variables and propose a framework for a more integrated understanding. It presents directions for the treatment of depression in early adulthood, and also describes the significance and limitations of the study and suggestions for future research.
Keywords: neglect, emotional clarity, depression, interpersonal competenceMaste
HFIP-promoted selective rearrangement of oxaziridines to nitrones
No full textThe selective rearrangement of oxaziridines to nitrones and amides, involving C-O and N-O bond cleavage respectively, has received significant attention due to its versatile applications in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. In this study, we present a novel approach for the selective synthesis of nitrones from oxaziridines using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), which is utilized as both a solvent and an organic catalyst. Our experimental study combined with density functional theory calculations revealed that the C-O bond cleavage is facilitated by the hydrogen-bond donating ability and cation-stabilizing properties of HFIP. The developed method exhibits excellent functional group tolerance, a broad substrate scope, and provides good to excellent yields.Maste
소변검사 데이터를 활용한 기계학습 기반 방광암 검출 모델 개발
No full textBackground: Bladder cancer is a relatively common malignancy that demonstrates favorable survival rates when detected early; however, delayed diagnosis significantly worsens survival outcomes and quality of life. Early detection is often challenging because symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, and hematuria are nonspecific and can result from various benign urological conditions. Despite its prevalence, bladder cancer lacks established screening methods, further complicating early detection efforts. The American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines recommend evaluations based on hematuria and consider risk factors such as age, sex, and smoking history. Current diagnostic methods rely heavily on invasive procedures such as cystoscopy and tissue biopsy, while existing urinary biomarkers lack sufficient sensitivity, particularly for low-grade tumors. These limitations highlight the need for more precise, non-invasive screening methods to effectively identify patients at higher risk for bladder cancer. Urinalysis is a non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic tool that provides valuable insights into both urinary system and systemic conditions. Interpreting the numerous parameters from urinalysis collectively has the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy; however, the large volume of data and the diversity of test items often pose challenges to comprehensive analysis in clinical practice. Machine learning offers the capability to identify complex patterns within large-scale datasets, thereby improving disease diagnosis and screening. Despite its success in other medical fields, the application of machine learning to detect bladder cancer using routine urinalysis data remains limited. This study aims to develop a machine learning model utilizing urine dipstick test and urine microscopic examination results to detect bladder cancer within a diverse population that includes both healthy individuals and patients with various urological diseases.
Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed urinalysis data from 2,637 bladder cancer patients, 136,712 healthy controls, and 88,425 disease controls collected from 2012–2023. Using stratified sampling by sex and age, 11,702 subjects from each control group were matched with bladder cancer cases, resulting in 23,404 non-cancer controls and 2,637 bladder cancer patients. Three feature combinations were evaluated: all 48 urinalysis features, 17 mandatory reporting features (12 dipstick items, RBC, WBC, squamous cells, sex, and age), and 14 dipstick-only features. Machine learning models (XGBoost, Random Forest, DNN, and Logistic Regression) were trained and validated using 5- fold stratified cross-validation. Models were compared to 2012 and 2020 AUA guidelines based on metrics including AUROC(Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve), AUPRC(Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve), balanced accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, muscle invasiveness determined by T stage (NMIBC, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer vs. MIBC, muscle invasive bladder cancer), SEER stage, and control group type. SHAP values were used to identify key predictive features.
Results: Non-linear models (XGBoost, RF, DNN) outperformed both Logistic Regression and AUA guidelines in all metrics. AUROC, AUPRC, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for each model were as follows: XGBoost: 0.856, 0.516, 0.786, 0.706, 0.867; RF: 0.865, 0.540, 0.791, 0.758, 0.824; DNN: 0.847, 0.505, 0.782, 0.753, 0.812; LR: 0.826, 0.425, 0.758, 0.686, 0.830. Balanced accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for AUA were as follows: AUA 2012: 0.751, 0.653, 0.848; AUA 2020: 0.751, 0.656, 0.846. Subgroup analyses confirmed superior performance of non-linear models, particularly in early-stage cancer (NMIBC and SEER stage 0) and low-grade hematuria (≤10 RBC/HPF), where RF showed significant improvements in sensitivity and balanced accuracy compared to AUA guidelines. Mandatory reporting features maintained performance comparable to full feature sets, with SHAP values identifying RBC, WBC, and occult blood as the most influential predictors.
Conclusion: In this study, machine learning models including XGBoost, RF, and DNN utilizing urine dipstick test and urine microscopic examination data outperformed conventional AUA guideline-based approaches and logistic regression for bladder cancer detection. These models demonstrated significant improvements in detecting early-stage cancers and assessing low-grade hematuria, both critical for early detection and intervention of cancer. Subgroup analyses confirmed robust performance across sex, cancer stage, and diverse control groups. Performance was maintained without significant differences when using a feature set that included three mandatory reporting microscopic items (RBC, WBC, squamous cells), compared to using all features. The ability to achieve comparable performance with fewer features highlights the model’s strong clinical applicability, though the inclusion of microscopic examination items remains essential for reliable results.Maste
A New Wall Function For RANS Models On Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based On DNS And Data-Driven Uncertainty Quantification
No full textIn recent years, the study of drag reduction mechanisms has gained significant attention in fluid dynamics, particularly in relation to superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS), which have shown great potential in reducing frictional drag in various applications. This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the drag reduction phenomena associated with SHS and the development of a new wall function for the k-ε turbulence model, tailored for simulations involving such surfaces. The research was conducted using high-fidelity numerical simulations, with particular emphasis on Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) performed via OpenFOAM, and addresses several key aspects of fluid-structure interactions and turbulence modulation. Firstly, to accurately simulate the flow over SHS, DNS was conducted using the OpenFOAM software suite. DNS is a powerful computational tool that resolves all scales of turbulence, allowing for the precise capture of complex flow phenomena near the wall. In this study, the computational setup, including the meshing strategy, boundary conditions, and solver settings, was carefully designed to ensure high accuracy in predicting flow behavior around SHS. The simulation parameters were calibrated based on prior experimental data to validate the DNS results. This initial step was critical to establishing a reliable computational framework for further investigation into the drag-reducing characteristics of SHS. Through these simulations, detailed insights into the velocity and pressure fields near the surface were obtained, providing a foundation for understanding how the surface morphology and flow conditions interact to influence drag reduction. Secondly, the role of SHS properties, such as surface texture, solid fraction, and roughness, in reducing drag was analyzed. SHS characterized by their ability to repel water, create an air- water interface that minimizes direct contact between the fluid and the surface. This research focused on quantifying the extent to which surface characteristics influenced the drag reduction effect. The study revealed that specific surface geometries, such as micro-posts and ridges, promote the formation of stable air pockets within the surface texture, effectively lowering the skin friction by reducing the wetted surface area. Moreover, the study examined how surface roughness impacted the stability of these air pockets under various flow conditions, identifying critical parameters for maintaining effective drag reduction. The findings demonstrated that optimizing the surface texture is crucial for maximizing the benefits of SHS, particularly in flow with high Reynolds numbers where turbulence plays a significant role. Thirdly, the impact of the air layer, or the socalled “plastron,” on drag reduction was investigated. The plastron, formed by the entrapment of air within the surface texture, acts as a buffer between the fluid and the solid surface, significantly altering the near-wall flow dynamics. This research explored the interaction between the turbulent flow and the air layer, examining how the thickness and stability of the plastron contribute to drag reduction. It was found that the presence of the air layer suppresses the development of near-wall turbulence, leading to a reduction in turbulent energy production and, consequently, a decrease in frictional drag. However, the study also highlighted that the stability of the air layer is highly sensitive to flow conditions, with higher flow velocities causing the air pockets to collapse, thus reducing the effectiveness of drag reduction. Numerical simulations were employed to track the evolution of the plastron under varying flow conditions, provided key insights into the design of SHS for practical applications. Finally, building upon the findings related to DNS, surface properties, and the plastron, a novel wall function was developed for the k-ε turbulence model. The k-ε model is widely used in industrial applications due to its computational efficiency. However, its standard formulation does not account for the unique flow characteristics induced by superhydrophobic surfaces. To address this limitation, a new wall function was proposed, incorporating corrections based on the presence of an air layer and the associated modifications to the near- wall flow. The developed wall function adjusts the turbulent viscosity and production terms within the k-ε model, accounting for the reduced shear stress and altered turbulence structure near the surface. This approach allows for more accurate predictions of drag reduction in turbulent flows over superhydrophobic surfaces, without the need for computationally expensive DNS or large eddy simulations (LES). The new wall function was validated through a series of simulations, comparing its performance against both DNS results and experimental data. The results showed that the modified k-ε model provides a significant improvement in predicting drag reduction over superhydrophobic surfaces, offering a practical tool for engineering applications where such surfaces are employed. In conclusion, this thesis presents a multi-faceted study of drag reduction mechanisms over superhydrophobic surfaces, combining high-fidelity DNS simulations with theoretical analysis and model development. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying physics governing drag reduction in turbulent flows and provide a foundation for future research and practical applications. The newly developed wall function for the k-ε model represents a significant advancement in turbulence modeling for superhydrophobic surfaces, enabling more accurate and efficient simulations in industrial contexts.Docto
Drawing-like Representation of Fantasy, Alluded Through Lines -Focusing on the researcher’s work-
No full textThis study aims to find various methods of expression under the theme of ‘fantasy’ through lines overlapping in a drawing format.
Even at the very moment of writing this article, my mind is filled with countless fantasies. The mind has the power to continue carrying on with our thoughts. It stretches out as though it knows no capacity limit. I try to sensually capture the innumerable fleeting fantasies, and express the feelings that still remain in me on the canvas.
Like the inside of my mind that rapidly changes, the lines of twisted and disintegrated images float around in search of their place. Unfinished imaginations create new stories and branch out, with countless stories that have not been revealed to the outside world.
Unlike diaries for organizing or record-keeping, records drawn on the canvas are full of meaningless lines that are devoid of practicality. It is as though without knowing what I was thinking or what I was drawing, I simply caught and pasted my fleeting thoughts onto the canvas.
As the most important formative elements for expressing my fantasies, I have selected clouds, shapes of doors, and lines. Compared to surfaces, lines move more flexibly and freely. Since my fantasies do not have solid, evident forms, I express them as lines rather than as surfaces whose shapes are relatively more visible.
From my fantasies that began with ‘I’ and were embodied in my work, anyone can continue with their own unrealistic fantasy. I hope that the viewers, like the lines that are perpetually connected and flowing, will discover their own stories from the work.|선으로 암시된 공상의 드로잉적 표현 -연구자의 작품의 중심으로- 본 연구는 ‘공상’을 주제로 드로잉적 표현으로 중첩된 선들로 다양한 표현 방식 을 찾고자 한다. 연구자의 머릿속에는 지금 이 글을 쓰는 순간까지도 수많은 공상이 함께 한다. 머릿속에는 계속해서 생각을 이어나가는 힘이 있다. 이것은 용량의 한계를 모르는 듯이 뻗어나간다. 스쳐 지나가는 수많은 공상 속에서 감각적으로 포착하고, 여전히 내게 남아있는 느낌을 캔버스에 담아 보려고 한다. 빠르게 바뀌는 머릿속처럼 비틀리고 분해된 이미지의 선들이 자신의 자리를 찾아 떠돌아다닌다. 매듭지어지지 않은 상상들이 새로운 이야기를 만들어 가지를 뻗어나 가며 누구나 외부로 드러나지 않은 수많은 이야기들이 존재한다. 하루를 정리하거나 기록하는 일기와 다르게 캔버스에 그려지는 기록은 실현 가능 성이 없는 의미 없는 선들이 가득하다. 무슨 생각을 하는지,뭘 그리는지 모르는 채로 그저 지나가는 생각들을 잡아다가 캔버스의 화면에 붙여놓은 것과 같다. 연구자는 공상을 표현하는 가장 중요한 조형적 요소로 구름과 문의 형상, 그리고 선을 선택했다. 선은 면에 비해 좀 더 자유롭게, 유연하게 움직인다. 나의 공상들 은 단단하게 드러나는 형상이 있는 것이 아니기에 비교적 형태가 보이는 면이 아닌 선으로 표현한다. ‘나’로부터 시작되어 나의 작품으로 형상화된 공상으로부터 누구나 자신만의 실 현불가능한 공상을 이어갈 수 있다. 보는 관객들도 끊임없이 이어지고 흘러가는 선 들처럼 자신의 이야기를 발견하길 바란다.Maste
Post-Surgical Inflammatory Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators in Early Breast Cancer: A Comparison of Surgical Methods
No full textBackground: Inflammation significantly impacts cancer progression and patient outcomes, especially following surgery. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with radiotherapy has shown comparable or superior survival outcomes to total mastectomy (TM), but the biological mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes in a large cohort of early breast cancer patients with each surgical method, as well as to examine whether differences in inflammation-related protein levels, detected via proximity extension assay (PEA), can explain these survival outcomes in early breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for early breast cancer at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from January 2013 to December 2017. The study used data of patients aged 20–70 years with stage I-III early breast cancer who received either BCS or TM. Exclusion criteria included distant metastasis, previous cancer history, prior surgeries, inflammatory breast cancer, and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). After applying these criteria, 3,403 patients were included in the survival analysis. For the subsequent proteomic analysis, we selected a typical cohort of 84 patients from 213 patients who had post-operative serum samples collected within one month of surgery between November 2018 and February 2022. The Olink Target 96 Inflammation panel was used to assess 92 inflammatory biomarkers through PEA. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and log-rank tests to evaluate recurrence-free interval (RFi), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Among 3,403 early breast cancer patients, significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between the BCS (n = 2,249) and TM (n = 1,154) groups, such as tumor size (≤ 2 cm: 67.5% BCS vs. 44.2% TM, p < 0.001) and nodal metastasis (32.5% BCS vs. 53.6% TM, p < 0.001). Survival outcomes, especially RFi, were significantly higher in the BCS group (92.4% vs. 82.0%, p < 0.001). To explore endogenous factors contributing to these survival differences, proteomic analysis of cytokines was conducted in a specific cohort of 84 patients based on recurrence status in both surgical groups. Proteomic analysis revealed significant differences in cytokine expression between surgical groups and based on recurrence status. TM patients exhibited higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, IL-6, MCP-3, AXIN-1, and CASP-8, compared to BCS patients. Conversely, BCS patients had higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as CD5, NT-3, and Flt3L. Regarding recurrence, the recurrence group showed increased levels of CXCL11, TNFRSF9, CD40, PD- L1, IL15RA, IL10RB, CST5, CX3CL1, OPG, IL-2, ADA, and CD244, while the no-recurrence group had elevated EN-RAGE levels. When analyzing within each surgical group, the recurrence group in BCS patients showed higher levels of CXCL11, FGF23, CD8A, TNFRSF9, CX3CL1, IL15RA, IL10RB, CASP-8, CD40, uPA, PD-L1, CD5, CCL23, and ADA, while no-recurrence patients had higher MCP-2 levels. In TM patients, recurrence was associated with increased SCF, while no-recurrence patients had higher levels of EN-RAGE. Conclusion: The analysis revealed significant elevations of cytokines in post-operative serum samples, associated with surgical method and recurrence status, suggesting their potential utility as biomarkers in precision medicine for breast cancer management. These findings underscore the importance of further exploration into these proteins to enhance patient prognostication and treatment strategies. Key words: inflammation-related proteins, breast-conserving surgery, total mastectomy, prognosis, early breast cancerDocto
Evaluating the effects of biopolymer treatment and coefficient of uniformity on contact erosion behavior in soils
No full text인접부침식은 내부침식 현상 중 하나로 입경차가 큰 두 종류의 지반 경계면에서 물의 흐름에 의해 작은 입자의 유실이 발생하는 현상을 의미한다. 인접부침식은 제 방과 제방 댐과 같은 지반 공학적 기반 시설의 안정성에 심각한 영향을 미치고 댐 붕괴, 홍수 등 다양한 재해를 유발할 수 있다. 인접부침식을 방지하기 위해서는 조 립토의 공극의 크기를 줄이는 것은 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 조립토의 바 이오폴리머(xanthan gum, guar gum, agar gum, chitosan, zein) 처리 및 균등계 수(Cu = 2, 4, 6, 8) 와 입경비(SR = 8, 12, 17, 27) 조절을 통한 입경이 작은 모래의 인접부침식 경감 효과를 두 가지 독립적인 실험 설정을 통해 관찰하였다. 다섯 가지 바이오폴리머를 선정하여 인접부침식 경감에 가장 우수한 성능을 보이는 바이오폴리머를 평가하였다. 또한 실험 중 유출된 탈이온수 속 바이오폴리머 농도 를 계산하여 K2 모래의 바이오폴리머 처리 효율을 산정하였다. 본 연구의 실험 결 과는 모든 바이오폴리머에서 농도 > 0.1%의 낮은 농도에서도 인접부침식량이 현저 하게 감소된 것을 보여준다. 또한 agar gum이 인접부침식 경감에 가장 효과적인 바이오폴리머로 확인되었다. 두 번째 실험 설정에서는 두 종류의 조립토(d50 = 1.406mm, 3.33mm) 및 균등계수와 입경비를 조합하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과 Cu 증가에 따른 입경이 작은 모래의 인접부침식량 차이는 입경비가 작아질수 록 줄어드는 경향을 확인하였다. 또한 입경이 작은 모래의 인접부침식량은 입경비 와 선형관계, 균등계수와 비선형관계인 것을 확인하였다.Maste
Suffusion of sand-clay mixtures and critical hydraulic gradient under time dependent flow rate
No full text세립토 이탈 현상은 지반 내 동유체력의 작용으로 인한 미세입자의 탈착으로 발 생한다. 내부침식 현상 중 하나인 세립토 이탈은 지반의 투수성을 증가시키고 토양 강도를 감소시켜 지반구조물의 붕괴와 자연재해의 원인이 된다. 대부분 세립토 이 탈 연구들은 일정한 유속에서 실험이 진행되어 왔지만 실제 현장에서는 수두차에 의한 유속이 시간에 따라 달라지기 때문에 본 연구에서는 점진적인 유량 증가하에 서 세립토 이탈 현상을 2차원 실내 실험을 통해 상호작용 에너지로 인한 모래-점 토 혼합토의 세립토 이탈 현상을 측정하였다. 또한 높이에 따른 점토의 유출을 측 정하여 점토의 종류와 모래의 입경이 중력에 의한 점토 입자의 거동을 확인하였다. 실험을 통해 높이에 따른 점토의 유출곡선(BTCs)을 산정하여 시료별 점토의 이탈 량을 측정하였고, 유출된 점토의 입도분포곡선(PSD)을 측정하여 점토의 이탈에 따 른 점토 입자 크기 변화를 측정하였다. 본 실험에서는 서로 다른 종류의 모래(K3, K4, K5)와 점토(Kaolinite, Illite, Bentonite)를 이용하여 총 9가지 모래-점토 혼 합토에 대한 세립토 이탈 실험을 진행하였다. 또한 용액의 이온농도(0 M, 0.001 M, 0.01 M, 0.6 M)를 설정하여 세립토 이탈에 대한 영향을 확인하였으며, 4가지 바이오폴리머(xanthan gum, agar gum, gellan gum, chitosan)을 이용하여 4가지 농도(0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%)로 실험을 진행하여 바이오폴리머 종류와 농 도에 따라 세립토 이탈 실험에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 또한 각 실험 케이스에 서 점토의 유출이 시작되는 시점인 한계동수경사를 산정하여 각 변수 조건에서 경 향성을 파악하였다.Maste