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    A comprehensive analysis and performance evaluation for osteoporosis prediction models

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    Medical data analysis is an expanding area of study that holds the promise of transforming the healthcare landscape. The use of available data by researchers gives guidelines to improve health practitioners’ decision-making capacity, thus enhancing patients’ lives. The study looks at using deep learning techniques to predict the onset of osteoporosis from the NHANES 2017–2020 dataset that was preprocessed and arranged into SpineOsteo and FemurOsteo datasets. Two feature selection methods, namely mutual information (MI) and recursive feature elimination (RFE), were applied to sequential deep neural network models, convolutional neural network models, and recurrent neural network models. It can be concluded from the models that the mutual information method achieved higher accuracy than recursive feature elimination, and the MI feature selection CNN model showed better performance by showing 99.15% accuracy for the SpineOsteo dataset and 99.94% classification accuracy for the FemurOsteo dataset. Key findings of this study include family medical history, cases of fractures in patients and parental hip fractures, and regular use of medications like prednisone or cortisone. The research underscores the potential for deep learning in medical data processing, which eventually opens the way for enhanced models for diagnosis and prognosis based on non-image medical data. The implications of the study shall then be important for healthcare providers to be more informed in their decision-making processes for patients’ outcomes

    Cognitive decline related to chronic kidney disease as an exclusion factor from kidney transplantation: results from an international survey

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    Background and hypothesis: There seems to be a lack of consensus on the necessity and the modality of psychological and specifically cognitive assessment of candidates for kidney transplantation. Both points are often delegated to individual hospitals/centres, whereas international guidelines are inconsistent. We think it is essential to investigate professionals' opinions to advance towards a consistent clinical practice. Methods: This paper presents the results of an international survey among clinical professionals, mainly nephrologists from the CONNECT (Cognitive decline in Nephro-Neurology: European Cooperative Target) network and beyond (i.e. from personal contacts of CONNECT members). The survey investigated their opinions about the question of whether cognitive decline in patients with chronic kidney disease may affect their eligibility for kidney transplantation. Results: Our results show that most clinicians working with patients affected by chronic kidney disease think that cognitive decline may challenge their eligibility for transplantation despite data that suggest that, in some patients, cognitive problems improve after kidney transplantation. Conclusion: We conclude that three needs emerge as particularly pressing: defining agreed-on standards for a multifaceted and multifactorial assessment (i.e. including both clinical/medical and psychosocial factors) of candidates with chronic kidney disease to kidney transplantation; further investigating empirically the causal connection between chronic kidney disease and cognition; and further investigating empirically the possible partial reversibility of cognitive decline after kidney transplantation

    Türkiye’nin Kızlar İçin İlk Tıp Okulu: İstanbul (Arnavutköy) Amerikan Kız Koleji Tıp Bölümü

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    Amaç: Bir kadın hakları savunucusu olan, İstanbul (Arnavutköy) Amerikan Kız Koleji Müdiresi Mary Mills Patrick’in kolejde uyguladığı eğitimin kız öğrencilerin hekimlik mesleğine yönelmesindeki etkisi tartışılmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde kadın hekim yetiştirecek ilk tıp okulunun açılması süreci Türk tıp tarihi açısından ele alınmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 24 Temmuz 1917 tarihinde Amerika Yabancı Misyon Temsilcileri Birliği’nin (ABCFM) Rockefeller Vakfı’na gönderdiği, “Medical Education and Medical Practice in Turkey” (Türkiye’de Tıp Eğitimi ve Tıp Pratiği) başlıklı orijinal rapordaki “Information in regard to the American College for Girls at Constantinople, Constantinople College” ve “The American College for Girls at Constantinople in is relation to the development of medical education in Turkey with particular reference to the medical education for women” başlıklı mektuplar, burada dile gelen kızlar için tıp okulu planları, bu okuldan beklentileri, olay örgüsüne, aktif katılımcıların perspektifinden görüldüğü şekliyle odaklanan anlatı araştırması yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: İstanbul (Arnavutköy) Amerikan Kız Koleji’nde uygulanan eğitimin öğrencileri hekim olmaya yönelttiği ve modern tıp uzmanı kadınların yetişmesinde etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Sonuç: 1891-1960 yıllarında kolejden mezun olan iki Osmanlı ve 13 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşının ülkemizin ilk kadın hekimleri arasında olması bu sonucu pekiştirmektedir. Mütareke döneminin olağanüstü koşullarında İstanbul’da kadın hekim yetiştirmek amacıyla kurulan ilk tıp okulu, olan, İstanbul (Arnavutköy) Amerikan Kız Koleji Tıp Bölümü resmen izin alınmadan faaliyete geçirilmiş, Cumhuriyet döneminde yüksek öğretimin yabancılara yasaklanması üzerine kapatılmıştır. Tıp Bölümü’ne devam etmekte olan iki Türk öğrenci, Sabiha Süleyman Sayın ile Hamdiye Abdürrahim Maral 1922 yılında kız öğrenci kabul etmeye başlayan Darülfünun Tıp Fakültesi’ni bitirip Cumhuriyet’in ilk kadın hekimleri arasında yer almışlardır

    Sanatta mizahî yaklaşım bağlamında dadaizm

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    Dadaizm, ortaya koyduğu mizahî yaklaşımla ortaya çıktığı dönemin sanat anlayışına karşı protest bir duruş sergileyen, günümüze kadar etkilerini sürdüren çağdaş sanat akımlarından biridir. Bu araştırmanın amacı Dadaizm akımının mizahî yönünü sanatçılar ve eserler üzerinden ele almaktır. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme uygulanmıştır. Yapılan bu araştırmanın neticesinde ortaya çıkan bulgulara göre; Dadaistler sanat kavramlarını anlamlarının ötesinde ele alarak var olan sanat akımlarından farklı bir yol izlemişlerdir. Bunun yanı sıra geleneksel resim sanatının dışında sanata mizahî bir bakış açısı getirmişlerdir. Dönemin kabul gören sanatını reddedip yerine mizahî bir kurgu koymuşlardır. Bunu da günlük nesneleri sanat nesnesi olarak sunmakla ve var olan eserlerin ironisini yaparak; çağın ilerisinde eserler ortaya koyarak sanatta yeni bir çığır açarak ortaya koymuşlardır. 20. yy.’da Dadaizm’den önce ortaya çıkan sanat akımları incelendiğinde bu sanat akımlarının, bir noktada savaş kavramını merkeze aldığı görülmektedir. Dönemin kabul gören sanat akımı Fütürizmde sanatçılar, savaşı kutsallaştırıp eril şiddeti, metalaşmayı benimseyerek eserlerine yansıtmıştır. Fütürizm, nasyonalist çevrelerle olan bağından dolayı toplumcu sanat çevrelerince dışlanmıştır. Dadaizm ise Fütürizmin aksine savaş ve savaşın dayattığı bütün toplumsal değerlere karşıtlığı ve başkaldırıyı temsil etmektedir. Bu bağlamda Dadaizm’in, sanat ürünlerini ortaya koyarken eleştirel yönlü anlatımlarında mizah ve hiciv unsurundan yararlandıkları görülmüştür. Dadaizm’in temsilcileri öncü bir perspektifte “karşıt olma” meselesini hiç olmadığı kadar sıklıkla ifade etmiş; her hareketlerinde bunu gözler önüne sermişlerdir. Sanat üretimini de mizah ve hiciv merkezli yapmış; resim, karikatür, edebiyat, tiyatro, müzik ve dans gibi sanatın çeşitli dallarında yenilikçi, çığır açıcı çalışmalar ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu çalışmada Dadaizm’in ortaya çıkışı, uygulandığı alanlar, farklı coğrafyalardaki etkileri, sanata getirdiği yenilik temaları ele alınarak sanat üretiminde farklı yollar arayan bu sanat akımının burjuvazinin irrasyonel yaklaşımına mizahî bir şekilde nasıl başkaldırdığının tespitiyle sonuçlanmaktadır.Among the contemporary art movements, Dadaism is an important art movement that that emerged with its humorous approach, displaying a protest stance against the art understanding of its time and continuing to influence the art world to the present day. The aim of this research is to examine the humorous aspect of the Dadaism movement through artists and artworks. In this study, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was applied. According to the findings of this research, Dadaists approached the concept of art beyond its conventional meaning, taking a different path from existing art movements. Moreover, they introduced a humorous perspective to art by ridiculing traditional painting. They rejected the established art of their time and replaced it with a humorous narrative. They achieved this by presenting everyday objects as art objects and sabotaging existing artworks, they broke new ground in art by creating works ahead of the age. When we examine the art movements that emerged before Dadaism in the 20th century, we can see that these art movements, at some point, centered around the concept of war. Particularly, the Futurist movement glorified war, embracing masculine violence and commodification in its works. Due to its association with nationalist circles, Futurist movement was excluded by the community of socially oriented artists. In contrast to Futurism, Dadaism represents opposition and rebellion against war and all social values imposed by war. In this context, it was observed that Dadaism made use of humour and satire in their critical expressions while presenting their art products. Representatives of Dadaism frequently emphasized the “opposition” issue in an avant-garde perspective, showcasing it prominently in all their actions. They based their art production on humor and satire, offering innovative and groundbreaking works in various branches of art, including painting, caricature, literature, theater, music, and dance. This study explores the emergence of Dadaism, the areas in which it was practiced, its global impact, and the thematic innovations it brought to art production. It concludes by demonstrating how this art movement humorously defied the irrationality of the bourgeoisie

    Sporcuların anne-baba bağlanma stilinin antrenör bağlanma stilini belirlemesinde, sporcu antrenör çalışma yılının düzenleyici etkisi

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    Bu araştırma, spor yapan bireylerin antrenörleri ile kurdukları ilişkide bağlanma stillerinin anne ve baba bağlanma stilleri tarafından nasıl etkilediğini belirlemek ve bu süreçte sporcunun antrenörü ile çalışma süresinin belirleyici etkisine bakılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın temel hipotezi sporcuların antrenörleri ile kurdukları ilişkideki bağlanma stilleri ile anne ve baba bağlanma stilleri arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin varlığının araştırılması ve bu ilişkide antrenör ile çalışma süresinin düzenleyici rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırma örneklemi 18-25 yaş arası, bireysel ve takım sporu yapan 184 sporcudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma veri toplama aracı olarak ‘’ Anne-Baba ve Akran Bağlanma Envanteri’’ ve ‘’Antrenör-Sporcu Arasındaki İlişkilerde Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği’’ anketleri uygulanmıştır. Sonuç, antrenör ile çalışma süresinin anne-baba bağlanma stilinin antrenör ile bağlanma stilinde düzenleyici etkisi kapsamında yeterli bir sonuç elde edilmemiş olup, sporcuların antrenörleri ile kurdukları ilişkide, bağlanma stilleri ile anne-babaları ile bağlanma stilleri arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin varlığını göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, literatür doğrultusunda tartışılarak sporcuların antrenör ile geçirdikleri sürenin bağlanma stillerinin etkisi olabildiği ve kurulan iletişimin başarılarına bir katkı sağladığı düşünülmektedir.This research aims to determine how attachment styles of individuals who do sports affect their relationships with their coaches by their mother and father attachment styles and to examine the determining effect of the duration of working with the athlete’s coach in this process. The basic hypothesis of the research is to investigate the existence of a positive relationship between the attachment styles of athletes in their relationships with their coaches and their mother and father attachment styles and to examine the moderating role of the duration of working with the coach in this relationship. The research sample consists of 184 athletes between the ages of 18-25 who do individual and team sports. The surveys “MotherFather and Peer Attachment Inventory” and “Attachment Styles Scale in Relationships Between Coaches and Athletes” were applied as research data collection tools. The result shows that no sufficient result was obtained within the scope of the moderating effect of the duration of working with the coach on the attachment style of the mother-father attachment style and the attachment style of the athletes in their relationships with their coaches and their attachment styles with their parents. These findings are discussed in line with the literature, and it is thought that the time athletes spend with their coaches may have an effect on their attachment styles and that the communication established contributes to their success

    Farklı Dental Tarayıcı Teknolojilerinin Doğruluklarının Değerlendirilmesi: In-Vitro Çalışma

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    Amaç: Diş hekimliğinde dijital teknolojinin kullanımı CAD/ CAM sistemlerinin hayatımıza girmesiyle son yıllarda oldukça artmıştır. CAD/CAM sistemleri ile bir iş akışı ağız içi tarayıcılarla direkt veya masaüstü tarayıcılarla indirekt yöntem ile başlayarak takip edilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tam ark dişli çenelerde masaüstü tarayıcı ve ağız içi tarayıcıların doğruluklarının değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tam ark dişli çene modelinde yer alan kanin ve molar dişleri üzerinde, ISO standartları çerçevesinde, dört adet 6 mm çapında negatif küre oluşturulmuştur. Standart ışıksız ortamda, model, Dijital Şerit Projeksiyon Teknolojisi, Aktif Triangulasyon ve Konfokal Mikroskopi teknolojilerine sahip tarayıcılar ile firmanın önerdiği tarama protokolleriyle 20 kez taranarak dijitalize edilmiştir. Kontrol grubu, referans dijital data, endüstriyel tarayıcı (Solutionix C500, MEDIT) ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen tüm dijital data, 3 boyutlu (3B) analiz yazılım programı ile değerlendirilmiştir (Geomagic studio 2015; 3D Systems Inc., Almanya). Normal dağılan veriler için tek yönlü ANOVA ve post hoc Bonferroni testi, normal dağılmayan veriler için Bonferroni, Kruskal-Wallis testi ile değerlendirilmiştir (α=0,05). Bulgular: Tam ark dişli model taramalarının doğruluğu, masaüstü tarayıcı ve ağız içi tarayıcıların tipine bağlı olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p˂0,05). Her iki ağız içi tarayıcı arasında tarama doğruluğu bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p˂0,05). Sonuç: Tam ark taramalarda dijital sistemlerin kullanılması klinik olarak kabul edilebilir sonuçlar göstermektedir

    A comparative study of classification algorithms for sentiment analysis of covid-19 vaccine opinions using machine learning

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    Textual data analysis and classification into positive, negative, or neutral emotions in natural language processing are complex. This study uses machine learning techniques to classify coronavirus and vaccination attitudes. This study used Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), Logistic Regression (LR), and Decision Tree. The RF and GBC algorithms had an impressive 89% accuracy rate, while the LR and DT algorithms had 87%. Word processing and data pre-processing were needed before categorization. The outcomes of this research can help policymakers overcome possible impediments to vaccination initiatives. contain the infection and reduce its public health effect. The examination of Kaggle data, which includes many pandemics and vaccine remarks, emphasizes the necessity for immediate herd immunity against COVID-19. This crucial goal is crucial to limiting the virus's spread and minimizing its negative effects on society. The task requires acknowledging and resolving public concerns and building faith in the immunization campaign. This study uses machine learning approaches and compares their importance. The upcoming study will produce an app that categorizes sickness and vaccination attitudes. To design effective plans for Covid-19 immunization, governments and organizations must understand the challenges. It is important to note that the research only included English tweets. This constraint may reduce the credibility and generalizability of sentiment results. To further understand public perceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccinations, deep learning algorithms might be used to analyze larger Twitter datasets

    New hybrid EC-PROMETHEE method with multiple iterations of random weight ranges: step-by-step application in Python

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    The decision-making process consists of finding the best solution to an analyzed problem. This search is carried out in the face of countless interactions when analyzing an alternative criterion by criterion, under which weights are assigned that distinguish the degree of importance they have for the decision-makers. The definition of weight for each criterion gives rise to three lines of thought on the subject. There are objective, subjective, and hybrid methods. This discussion concerns the degree to which experts define the criteria weights. Based on this discussion, we developed a hybrid method to integrate the Entropy and CRITIC methods with the PROMETHEE method, called EC-PROMETHEE. The innovation of this method is that the combination of the Entropy and CRITIC methods does not result in a single set of weights. In reality, the weights generated by each method are used to define each criterion's upper and lower limits. The range of weights generated for each criterion is emulated "n" times and builds a set of weights that are applied to the ranking definition process. The model generates "n" rankings, defining a single ranking. In this article, we demonstrate a step-by-step application of a tool developed in Python called EC-PROMETHEE and use it as an example of the problem of choosing rotary-wing airplanes for application in the military police service. ➢ The method reduces discretion in determining the weights of the criteria; ➢ The innovation lies in the use of a range of weights for criteria; ➢ Consistency in defining the final ranking

    Chinese foreign policy towards the Middle East, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a model 2013–2022

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    The strategic importance of the Middle East and its abundance of resources attracted major powers, especially China and the United States. With two-thirds of the world's crude oil reserves located there, energy security is crucial. China, which is historically connected to the region through the Silk Road, has recently increased its involvement, primarily to secure oil and gas supplies for its economy. Contrary to historical trends, China has maintained a low profile in the Middle East, prioritizing trade and cultural exchanges over physical presence or spheres of influence. Since its founding in 1949, China has focused on building diplomatic legitimacy and aligning with liberation movements to challenge foreign hegemony. By recognizing that economic expansion and foreign interests are critical to national security, China recognizes the importance of energy security in ensuring the continued flow of its economy amid rapid growth. This shift signals a more comprehensive and proactive Chinese engagement in the Middle East, moving away from historical isolation toward a greater international presence. This research explores China's evolving foreign policy in the Middle East, with a case study on Sino-Saudi relations from 2013 to 2022, highlighting the changing dynamics and future prospects

    Design and Analysis of Compound Die to Produce L-Shape Product with 3 Holes

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    This study focuses on the design and analysis of a compound die, essential in sheet metal processing. A product from the market, defined by specific dimensions, is selected for a detailed representation in SOLIDWORKS. The design of the die, guided by mathematical modeling, aims to optimize the thickness of each component, considering the impact of cutting forces. Executed in SOLIDWORKS, the design is then subjected to a comprehensive structural analysis using ANSYS Workbench. This phase evaluates stress levels, deformations, and safety factors. A critical element of this research is the comparison between AISI D2 and AISI O1 tool steels, assessing their effectiveness in die construction. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the Piercing Punch and Blanking Punch within the die, examining their performance under operational conditions. © (2024) The author. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Altinbas Universit

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