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Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Exosomes: Immunomodulation, Anticancer, Anti-Aging, Anti-Melanogenesis, Detoxification, and Drug Delivery
Get PDFMost eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have the potential to secrete a group of structures/membrane-bound organelles, collectively referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which offer several advantages to producer/receiver cells. This review provides an overview of EVs from plant sources with emphasis on their health-promoting potential and possible use as therapeutic agents. This review highlights the essential biological effects of plant-derived extracellular vesicles, including immune modulation, anticancer activities, protection against chemical toxicity and pathogens, as well as anti-aging, anti-melanogenesis, and anti-arthritic effects, along with ongoing clinical studies. Evidence revealed that plant-derived EVs' contents exert their beneficial properties through regulating important signaling pathways by transferring miRNAs and other components. Taken all together, the data proposed that plant-derived EVs can be utilized as nutritional compounds and therapeutic agents, such as drug carriers. However, this emerging research area requires further in vitro/in vivo studies and clinical trials to determine the exact underlying mechanisms of EVs' positive health effects in treating various diseases
Cholinergic system in patients with chronic kidney disease: cognitive and renal implications
No full textCONNECT Action (Cognitive Decline in Nephro-Neurology European Cooperative Target): Giovambattista Capasso, Alexandre Andrade, Mustafa Arici, Maie Bachmann, Matthew Bailey, Michelangela Barbieri, Mickaël Bobot, Annette Bruchfeld, Inga Arune-Bumblyte, Daiva Rastenytė, Antonello Calcutta, Giovanna Capolongo, Sol Carriazo, Michele Ceccarelli, Adrian Constantin Covic, Ananya De, Pilar Delgado, Nicole Endlich, Matthias Endres, Fabrizio Esposito, Michele Farisco, Quentin Faucher, Ana Carina Ferreira, Andreja Figurek, Denis Fouque, Casper Franssen, Ivo Fridolin, Sebastian Frische, Liliana Garneata, Loreto Gesualdo, Konstantinos Giannakou, Olivier Godefroy, Aleksandra Golenia, Dimitrios Goumenos, Eugenio Gutiérrez Jiménez, Gaye Hafez, Ewout Hoorn, Pedro Henrique Imenez Silva, Raafiah Izhar, Dearbhla Kelly, Shelli Kesler, Aleksandra Klimkowicz-Mrowiec, Samuel Knauss, Justina Kurganaite, Hélène Levassort, Sophie Liabeuf, Jolanta Malyszko, Laila-Yasmin Mani, Gianvito Martino, Ziad Massy, Christopher Mayer, Armida Mucci, Alma Mutevelic-Turkovic, Rikke Nielsen, Dorothea Nitsch, Alberto Ortiz, Vasileios Panagiotopoulos, Despoina Karasavvidou, Giuseppe Paolisso, Bojana Pejušković, Marion Pepin, Alessandra Perna, Andrea Perrottelli, Vesna Pešić, Pasquale Pezzella, Merita Rroji Molla, Ivan Rychlík, Giorgos Sakkas, Mariadelina Simeoni, Maria José Soler Romeo, Goce Spasovski, Ana Starčević, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Francesco Trevisani, Robert Unwin, Evgueniy Vazelov, Carsten Alexander Wagner, Franca Wagner, Christoph Wanner, Andrzej Wiecek, Hong Xu, Miriam Zacchia, Lefteris Zacharia, Irene Zecchino, Carmine Zoccali, Francesco Mattace-Raso, Karl-Hans Endlich, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Francesco Trepiccione, Mark Okusa, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Peter Blankestijn, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Maximilian Konig, Ron Gansevoort, Hassan Askari, Brian Hansen, Sunna Snaedal, Elena Cuiban, Edoardo Caporusso, Vincenzina Lo Re, Jonathan Roiser, Kerry Rosenberg, Alvino Bisecco, Laura Denby, Onkar Prakash Kulkarni, Kumar Sharma, Subrata Debnath, Afaf Jaafar, Anna Capasso, Michele Mulholland, Biruh Workeneh, Anna Iervolino, Simon Fraser, Isabelle Frey-Wagner, Annachiara Pastore, Romaldas Mačiulaitis, Antonio De Donato, Ana FarinhaCholinergic synapses are widespread throughout the human central nervous system. Their high density in the thalamus, neocortex, limbic system, and striatum suggests that cholinergic transmission plays a vital role in memory, attention, learning and other higher cognitive functions. As a result, the brain's cholinergic system occupies a central position in research on normal cognition and age-related cognitive decline, including dementias such as Alzheimer's disease. In addition to its role in the brain, neuronal cholinergic pathways are essential for the physiological regulation of bodily organs, including the kidneys, through the parasympathetic branch of the peripheral nervous system. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non-communicable disease with a global prevalence of approximately 10%. Cognitive impairment is common among patients with CKD, with reported prevalence rates ranging from 30% to 60%, depending on definitions and assessment methods used. Given the importance of the cholinergic system in cognitive processes, it may be a key area of focus for evaluating cognitive function in this population. In this current narrative review, we will first examine evidence linking the cholinergic system to cognitive functions; with a specific focus on drugs that affect this system. we will then discuss the potential implications of cholinergic function in patients with CKD
HAFMAB-Net: hierarchical adaptive fusion based on multilevel attention-enhanced bottleneck neural network for breast histopathological cancer classification
No full textHistological images play a crucial role in diagnosing diseases, especially breast cancer, which remains a major health concern for women worldwide. Computer-aided diagnosis tools significantly assist physicians in early detection and treatment planning, helping reduce mortality rates. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based on deep learning have proven effective in distinguishing benign from malignant breast cancers. In this context, HAFMAB-Net: Hierarchical Adaptive Fusion based on Multilevel Attention-Enhanced Bottleneck Neural Network, is proposed. The network comprises two pathways utilizing an enhanced Bottleneck architecture with attention mechanisms to extract both global and spatial features. It incorporates a Deeper Spatial Attention Aggregator Module to boost the representation of locative features by focusing on key spatial regions, improving the discriminative power of aggregated features. Additionally, a modified Adaptive Fusion Module combines the enhanced global and boosted spatial features into a comprehensive and enriched feature representation, which is subsequently used for classification. The proposed HAFMAB-Net was evaluated on the BACH dataset and further tested on the BreaKHis and LC25000 datasets to validate its robustness. The model achieved 99% accuracy on the BACH dataset, 98.99% accuracy on BreaKHis, 100% accuracy on each Colon, Lung, LC25000 datasets, respectively. These results highlight the HAFMAB-Net's efficiency, accuracy, and effectiveness in both multi-class and binary classification tasks, demonstrating its potential for broader applications in medical image analysis
Hyperbolic and trigonometric generators of archimedean copulas: characteristics and performance
No full textIn this paper, hyperbolic and trigonometric functions, based on cosecant and cotangent as generator function for the family of Archimedean copula, are proposed. For these families, the dependence characteristics are compared. Also, to show the performance of these copulas, we investigate the stochastic frontier model based on them. Then we conclude that the copulas based on hyperbolic and trigonometric cosecant and cotangent are more suitable for modeling dependence structure
Detection Lung Nodules Using Medical CT Images Based on Deep Learning Techniques
Get PDFLung nodule cancer detection is a critical and complex medical challenge. Accuracy in detecting lung nodules can significantly improve patient prognosis and care. The main challenge is to develop a detection method that can accurately distinguish between benign and malignant nodules and perform effectively under various imaging conditions. The development of technology and investment in deep learning techniques in the medical field make it easy to use Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT). Thus, this paper presents lung cancer detection by filtering the PET-CT image, obtaining the lung region of interest (ROI), and training using Convolution neural network (CNN)-Deep learning models for defending the nodules' location. The limitation dataset composed of 220 cases with 560 nodules with fixed Hounsfield Units (HU) is used to increase the training's speed and save data. The trained models involve CNN, DCNN, 3DCNN, VGG 19, ResNet 18, Inception V1, and Inception-ResNet to detect the lung nodules. The experiment shows high-speed training with VGG 19 outperforming the rest of deep learning, it achieves accuracy, Precision, Specificity, Sensitivity, F1-Score, IoU, FP rate with standard division; 98.65 f 0.22, 98.80 f 0.15, 98.70 f 0.20, 98.55 f 0.18, 98.60 f 0.16, 0.94 f 0.03, 1.05 f 0.22, respectively. Moreover, the experiment results show an overall error rate and a standard division between f 0.04 to f 0.54 distributed over the calculation terms
Thin endometrium restricts peri-ovulatory physiological transition between anti-adhesive and adhesive receptivity modulators
No full textArticle number : 104697
CODEN : RBOEAResearch question: Does endometrial thinning affect the physiological transition of the endometrium from a non-receptive to a receptive state? Design: Fifty-eight women who underwent total embryo freezing were divided into three groups according to their endometrial thickness (EMT): group 1, EMT ≤ 7 mm; group 2, 7 mm 10 mm. Group 1 was considered as having a thin EMT and groups 2 and 3 as a normal EMT. Endometrial sampling was performed at the time of oocyte retrieval. Anti-adhesive podocalyxin (PDX), adhesive homeobox A10 and A11 (HOXA10, HOXA11) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mRNA, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and collagen deposition were determined. Results: Compared with groups 2 and 3, the relative expression of HOXA10, HOXA11 and LIF mRNA was down-regulated in group 1 (all P < 0.001), while PDX levels significantly increased (P < 0.001). The nuclear factor-κB, long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), tumour necrosis factor-α and total oxidant status of the thin endometrium group were significantly higher than those of participants with normal endometrium (all P < 0.001), while total antioxidant status was significantly lower (P < 0.001). The histoscore values for PTX3, PDX and Masson's trichrome were significantly higher in the thin endometrium group (P < 0.001 for each). Each millimetre increase in EMT decreased the risk of down-regulation of adhesive receptivity genes. The adjusted odds ratio for PDX was 1.69, representing a 69% increase in PDX expression. Conclusion: Endometrial thinning causes defective expression of anti-adhesive and adhesive receptivity modulators, restricting the transition of the endometrium from a non-receptive to a receptive state
A Questionnaire-Based Study on Use of Plants in Diabetic Patients
Get PDFObjective: Among patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, we aimed to investigate the rates of use of medicinal plants, detailed information on use and purchase, socio-demographic characteristics associated with the tendency to use plants, and the status of reporting to health care professionals. Methods: The study was conducted in family health centers where patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus visited. A questionnaire form of objective questions was filled for patients. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, education) of the patients, disease condition, medicines used, and whether or not they used plants. If so, more information was obtained on the plants that are the name, used part, preparation method, frequency of administration, the place from which the plants was obtained, the person who advised the product, the knowledge of the physician and his/her attitude about herbals. Results: 100 people (66% women, 34% men) participated in the study between the ages of 24-80, 13% of them have Type 1 and 87% have Type 2 diabetes. Only 11% of patients use plants. Eight plants have been identified. The most commonly used plant (36.36%) is cinnamon. Among the usage of the plants, decoction is placed on the top, with 78%. 62.5% of the patients obtain the plants from herbal shops. Friends or relatives are the primary sources of information regarding medicinal plant use (73%). Conclusion: By increasing the knowledge of physicians about plants, it has been seen that patients can share their usage of plants more easily with physicians
Kablosuz Optik Haberlesme Sistemlerinin Performans Analizi
No full textIn this study, a Free Space Optical (FSO) communication system and an Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) system were analyzed under different conditions. The systems were examined using fundamental parameters such as attenuation, modulation, and the maximum quality factor. These systems were modeled using the OptiSystem 18 simulation program, and their performances were evaluated under various weather and water conditions
COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS' VACCINATION KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES, AND THEIR IMPACT ON COMMUNITY VACCINE HESITANCY
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Ketamine versus morphine for musculoskeletal trauma pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textBackground: Pain is a primary reason for emergency department visits and hospitalizations following injuries, and its inadequate management can lead to complications. Effective and safe pain control is crucial in traumatic patient management. Opioids like morphine are commonly used for acute pain due to their effectiveness and rapid action. Ketamine has recently been explored for pain management in various settings. Our meta-analysis tried to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ketamine compared to morphine sulfate in trauma patients experiencing musculoskeletal discomfort. Methods and materials: The work was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251001307) and observed PRISMA guidelines. An extensive search across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases in March 2025 was carried out to identify randomized controlled trials comparing ketamine and morphine for pain management in trauma patients. Two independent reviewers screened and evaluated articles, resolving conflicts with a third reviewer. Inclusion criteria focused on English-language RCTs comparing intravenous or intranasal ketamine to intravenous morphine sulfate in trauma patients with bone fractures or limb soft tissue injuries, reporting pain scores and side effects. Data on study characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and side effects were extracted using an Excel spreadsheet. Quality assessment was accomplished using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB-2) tool. Data analysis involved calculating the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval using a random-effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochrane’s Q statistic and Hedges’ g I2 estimation. Results: Out of 2020 initial articles, 12 trials published between 1996 and 2024, involving 1892 patients (968 ketamine, 924 morphine), were included. Pain scores were assessed at various intervals. A quality assessment revealed five studies with a high risk of bias, three with a low risk, and four with some concerns. Comparison of pain scores at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min showed no statistically significant differences between the morphine and ketamine groups, with high heterogeneity noticed at all time points (30 min: SMD − 0.38; 95% CI −1.08 to 0.31, p = 0.32, I2 = 94.5%; 60 min: SMD − 0.42; 95% CI −1.3 to 0.46, p = 0.41, I2 = 93.2%; 90 min: SMD − 0.03; 95% CI −0.50 to 0.44, p = 0.91, I2 = 74.8%; 120 min: SMD − 0.44; 95% CI −2.46 to 1.58, p = 0.70, I2 = 95.9%). Regarding side effects, there was a slightly difference in nausea/vomiting, favoring morphine (RR: 0.45; 95% CI 0.20 to 1.03; p = 0.057, I2 = 78.4%). Neurologic side effects were significantly higher in the ketamine group (RR: 2.38; 95% CI 1.23 to 4.63; p = 0.016, I2 = 72.5%). Overall side effects showed no meaningful difference (RR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.80; p = 0.71, I2 = 88.2%). Conclusion: Ketamine and morphine provide comparable analgesia for acute musculoskeletal pain in emergency and trauma units. None of the pooled differences in pain scores reached statistical or clinical significance across various time points, and all pooled mean differences remained below the minimal clinically important difference thresholds. While ketamine may offer a more rapid onset of action, its overall analgesic superiority over morphine was not demonstrated. Both agents were well-tolerated, although ketamine was linked to a higher risk of neurological complications