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Comparative Study of Swin and Dilated Neighborhood-Attention Transformers for Deep-Fake Forensics
No full textThe proliferation of facial deepfakes poses an escalating threat to digital trust. While transformer backbones consistently outperform convolutional networks in forgery detection, there remains no consensus on which hierarchical design best balances accuracy and efficiency. This work presents the first systematic comparison of two leading architectures - the Swin Transformer and the Dilated Neighborhood Attention Transformer (DiNAT) - evaluated under a controlled 20-epoch fine-tuning schedule with frozen backbones on two benchmarks: OpenForensics and a frame-level split of FaceForensics++. On this schedule, Swin-Large achieves 91.8% accuracy (0.918 F1) on FaceForensics++ and 89.1% accuracy on OpenForensics, outperforming the best DiNAT variant by 8.6 and 2.6 percentage points in F1, respectively. DiNAT reduces floating-point operations by approximately 12% and decreases inference latency by 3 ms (around 10% faster on a T4 GPU), demonstrating its efficiency advantage. These results highlight the trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency, and offer insight into architecture selection for deepfake forensics
Smart biopolymer gels based on psyllium-alginate-cerium oxide nanoparticles with multifunctional properties
No full textPsyllium, a polysaccharide derived from Plantago ovata seed husks, is renowned for its excellent gelling properties, attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding and chain entanglement. Recent studies highlight its potential as a smart biopolymer. This study introduces a novel multifunctional smart gel (Psy-Alg@CeO2), comprising psyllium, alginate, and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), designed to exhibit self-healing, conductivity, adhesiveness, injectability, swelling, and antibacterial properties. The gel demonstrated outstanding performance, including a 100 % self-healing yield, conductivity (0.139 S/m), high swelling capacity (3005 %), and strong antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. aureus after 12 h of contact time. Structural and functional integrity were confirmed through FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. The results indicate that Psy-Alg@CeO2 gel is a cost-effective, ready-to-use, and eco-friendly alternative to conventional smart materials, offering significant potential for applications in biomedicine, sensors, coatings, wearable electronics, tissue engineering, wound dressings, and beyond.Funding agency : Istanbul Technical University.
Grant number : 45130
Structural investigation of asymptomatic microhematuria in human urine via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
No full textFunding agency: European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme
Grant number: 101135175
Meeting abstract: P-02-017..
“The silent strain: Exploring self-image and mental health in braced adolescents with scoliosis”: a scoping review
No full textArticle number : 103217Background: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a common spinal deformity. It can create surface deformities that affect adolescents' psychosocial health. Bracing is a non-surgical method to prevent curve progression and avoid surgery. However, the psychosocial effects of long-term brace use during adolescence are often overlooked. issues like decreased self-esteem, social withdrawal, and appearance anxiety may hinder compliance and impact quality of life. Methods: A comprehensive literature review used PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect to identify studies from 2015 to 2025. It was prospectively registered with the PROSPERO database (Registration ID: CRD420251083129). The search terms included: "adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,” "bracing and self-image,” "bracing compliance,” and "psychological impact of bracing.” Two independent reviewers screened studies based on PICOS criteria: (1) adolescents with AIS, (2) bracing or conservative treatment, (3) control or observational groups, (4) outcomes like self-image, quality of life, or compliance, and (5) RCTs, observational studies, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses. Exclusions included surgical interventions, non-adolescents, or non-English publications. Results: We found 807 studies; after removing duplicates, irrelevant titles, and abstracts, 26 full texts were screened. Of these, 10 met all criteria and were included. Adolescents in brace treatment often face negative self-image, low self-esteem, and social anxiety, especially at therapy start, affecting adherence. Concerns about appearance and discomfort hinder compliance. Some adapt over time, but others continue to experience mental health issues. Interventions like cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), peer support, and special exercise programs improve coping, adherence, and psychological well-being. Conclusion: Bracing treats Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) but affects psychosocial well-being, lowering adherence and quality of life. A multidisciplinary, patient-centred approach with mental health support is essential. Early psychological distress identification and interventions like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and peer support can enhance compliance and outcomes. Protocols should include psychosocial screening and holistic care to lessen the adverse effects of brace treatment
Sjögren's Syndrome is Rare in Psoriasis, but Common in Psoriatic Arthritis: Two Sides of a Coin - A Single Centre Retrospective Study
No full textBackground: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) may accompany psoriatic arthritis (PsA), if ever, and its presence during psoriasis (PsO) is rare. Recent observations of an association with predominantly axial forms of PsA are intriguing. Whether SS complicates PsO and PsA to the same extent is not known.
Objectives: To investigate the frequency of SS in patients with PsO and PsA, and elucidate disease features associated with SS. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we collected the data about previously recorded in the follow-up files of PsO and PsA patients. We classified patients who met the 2002 American-European Sjögren's syndrome Consensus Group Criteria (AECG) or the 2016 ACR-EULAR Classification Criteria for primary Sjögren's Syndrome as SS. Frequency rates of SS in PsA patients and in PsO patients without arthritis were compared and SS characteristics were described.
Results: Of the 184 PsO patients, 112 had PsA and 72 PsO alone. A substantial proportion of PsA patients had SS. This association was not present in the PsO group (PsA: 20(%17.9), PsO: 0(%0), p<0.001). Gender distribution, mean age, and PsO onset age were similar in both. Symmetric polyarticular involvement was rare, and most PsO patients with arthritis were ANA positive at a serum dilution level of 1:320 and beyond.
Conclusions: SS seems to be part of the clinical picture in a substantial proportion of PsA patients, and its absence in PsO implies that SS may be arthritis associated. Whether the type of arthritis is critical in developing SS in PsA deserves further studies with large populations
Alternative Consumer Cooperatives
No full textAs defined by Consumer Co-operatives Worldwide (CCW), which represents 26 national organizations of consumer cooperatives around the world, “a consumer cooperative is an autonomous association of consumers united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise”. In other words, a consumer cooperative is an enterprise that is owned by consumers who unite voluntarily to fulfill their common needs and aspirations. Like in the case of food cooperatives, cooperatives that own retail outlets run by consumers are the most common type of consumer cooperatives. However, there are also consumer cooperatives operating in areas such as childcare, health care, insurance, housing, utilities, and personal finance. The main purpose of a consumer cooperative is not to maximize profit but to provide quality products and services at the lowest price to the customers
Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by molybdenum disulfide-doped polyacrylamide/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogel
No full textInorganic micro- and nanoparticles are promising photocatalysts for removing toxic dyes from aqueous media. However, their dispersion in water and subsequent separation after the photocatalytic process remain challenging. In this study, MoS2, a transition metal disulfide, was successfully dispersed in a water–ethanol mixture with the help of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and immobilized in a polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel to be easily separated from the medium after photodegradation. The resulting composite material was characterized, and its photocatalytic performance against methylene blue dye was studied. Optimal photocatalytic degradation was achieved at pH 9.0, using 40 mg of MoS2 and 1.0 g of the composite hydrogel, resulting in a dye degradation efficiency of approximately 88.6% within 120 min. Kinetic studies indicated that the photodegradation of methylene blue dye followed second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.989). Radical scavenging experiments revealed that superoxide radicals ·O2-, hydroxyl radicals ·OH, and holes (h⁺) played predominant roles in the degradation process. Additionally, the composite hydrogel demonstrated promising reusability, retaining over 60% of its removal efficiency after four successive photocatalytic cycles
Improving machine learning detection of Alzheimer disease using enhanced manta ray gene selection of Alzheimer gene expression datasets
Get PDFOne of the most prominent neurodegenerative diseases globally is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The early diagnosis of AD is a challenging task due to complex pathophysiology caused by the presence and accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. However, the late enriched understanding of the genetic underpinnings of AD has been made possible due to recent advancements in data mining analysis methods, machine learning, and microarray technologies. However, the "curse of dimensionality" caused by the high-dimensional microarray datasets impacts the accurate prediction of the disease due to issues of overfitting, bias, and high computational demands. To alleviate such an effect, this study proposes a gene selection approach based on the parameter-free and large-scale manta ray foraging optimization algorithm. Given the dimensional disparities and statistical relationship distributions of the six investigated datasets, in addition to four evaluated machine learning classifiers; the proposed Sign Random Mutation and Best Rank enhancements that substantially improved MRFO's exploration and exploitation contributed to efficient identification of relevant genes and to machine learning improved prediction accuracy
Fracture healing potential of tetracalcium phosphate: An experimental study in a rat femur standardized diaphyseal osteotomy with open approach
No full textObjectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) applied directly to the fracture line in a rat femur fracture model. Materials and methods: Thirty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 350 to 400 g were randomly and equally divided into three groups: normal control (NC), fracture control (PC), and TTCP treatment group. Standardized femur fractures were created in the PC and TTCP groups and fixed using intramedullary Kirschner wires. In the TTCP group, TTCP dissolved in distilled water was applied directly to the fracture line. All rats were sacrificed on postoperative Day 28. Radiological, histopathological, and biochemical analyses were performed to assess fracture healing. Results: Radiological scoring revealed significantly higher fracture healing in the TTCP group compared to the PC group on Days 14 and 28 (p<0.05). Histopathological analyses showed reduced inflammation and fibrosis, and increased chondrocyte activity and neovascularization in the TTCP group. On Day 28, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were significantly higher in the PC group compared to TTCP and NC, while TTCP values were comparable to NC. No adverse tissue reactions were observed in any group. Conclusion: The TTCP enhances fracture healing when applied directly to the fracture line, without causing soft tissue irritation or histologically detectable adverse reactions. Its biological activity and ease of application suggest that TTCP may be a promising adjunct in the treatment of complex fractures