Kabale University Digital Repository (KAB-DR)
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Design and Construct a Forest Fire Detection and Control System.
No full textThis project designed and constructed a forest fire detection and control system to lessen the devastating effects of forest fires. The system utilizes a network of wireless sensors, deployed in the forest, to detect early signs of fire. The sensors monitor temperature, smoke levels, and the presence of fire flames, transmitting data to a control unit. Upon detection, the system triggers an alert, sending notifications to the authorities through sms.
For the system to be functional, the availability of cellular network coverage is required in the forest to enable short message services to take place. The system prototype is constructed using an Arduino microcontroller, sensors to detect temperature, smoke, and flame as well as wireless network connection modules. The experimental results justify the capability of the proposed system to detect forest fires in real-time. The design prioritizes low power consumption and ease of maintenance. The constructed system demonstrates accurate detection and rapid response capabilities. This project contributes to the development of innovative forest fire management solutions, enhancing environmental protection and public safet
Gender Analysis, Milk Value Chain, Kabale Uganda. Kabale: Kabale University.
No full textThe study was carried out to determine gender involvement in the milk value chain in the Kabale district. The specific objectives of the study involved ascertaining the activities involved by the male and female genders in the milk value chain, who controls resources and decision-making, and the challenges faced by the male and female genders in the milk value chain in the study area. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 90 respondents for the study. An online survey questionnaire was developed and administered to the male and female gender involved in the milk value chain. The findings of the study show that the mean of the female gender was 32 years while that of the male gender was 38 years. Though most of the respondents were literate, their literacy level was low with more than half of the male and female respondents not attaining beyond a secondary education. A higher proportion of the male gender (35.5%) owned herds as against 17.7% of the female gender. The few females that owned herds had fewer numbers when compared to the males. Most of the female respondents were involved in pasteurization. The male gender was more involved in the distribution of milk to retailers and consumers than the male gender, both the male and the female genders were involved in milk consumption. None of the female genders engaged in quality assurance, product integrity, and compliance with standards. While a few of the male respondents engaged in quality assurance. the male gender has control over land and livestock. Feed and fodder, labor, technology and equipment, financial capital, and income than the female respondents Also, 72.2% of men have access to decision-making on land, 71.1% on livestock, feed and fodder, technology and equipment, and knowledge and experts respectively. They also were involved in decision-making on water, labor, income, and marketing, when compared to the female gender. While comparing the challenges faced by the male and female genders, men have better access to education and training than women(4.2 vs. 2.2) women perform a larger share of unpaid or underpaid labour(4.6 vs. 1.7), women face greater challenges in accessing markets and value-addition opportunities. (4.6 vs. 2.1); women likely have less time to dedicate solely to farm activities (4.2 vs. 2.3); men hold more decision-making authority (3.9 vs. 2.7) while both genders might face challenges in accessing these services, but women are still disadvantaged (4.7 vs. 4.5). The study reveals a need for interventions to empower women and ensure their equitable participation. There is a need to Advocate for legal reforms or programs that guarantee women's rights to own land or have secure tenancy agreements. Efforts should be made to facilitate access to credit or microloans specifically for women to purchase dairy cows. Encourage women's groups for collective ownership and management of breeding stock. There is a need to Invest in infrastructure to reduce women's workload and free up their time for dairy activities. The government and NGOs should provide training programs focused on improved dairy farming practices, animal health, hygiene, and milk quality for women. women should be trained in marketing strategies to connect directly with consumers or access better market opportunities for their milk production. There is a need to support the formation and capacity-building of women's dairy cooperatives. Women should be equipped with leadership skills to advocate for their rights and participate effectively in decision-making processes within households and dairy communities. The government should consider the specific needs and contexts of different regions within Uganda while designing interventions and also promote innovation and exploring technological solutions that can address women's time constraints and labor burdens
Effect of Teacher Motivation on Pupil’s Performance in Kyanamira Sub-county Kabale District.
No full textThe study aimed to examine the effects of teachers' motivation on pupils' performance in primary schools within Kyanamira Sub County, Kabale District. The study was guided by three objectives: determining the level of teacher motivation in Kyanamira Sub County primary schools, assessing the extent of teacher performance, and exploring the relationship between teacher motivation and pupils' academic performance. The research was conducted in three primary schools—Kigata Primary School, Kyanamira Primary School, and Kitibya Primary School—all located in Kyanamira Sub County. 200 respondents were sampled, including 3 head teachers, 17 teachers, 60 parents, and 120 pupils.
The study's findings revealed that 55% of respondents strongly disagreed or disagreed that teachers' salaries were adequate motivators for their work. Additionally, 65% of respondents disagreed that teachers received sufficient bonuses for extra work. Regarding the timely payment of salaries, 87% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that teachers were paid on time. However, 80% of respondents disagreed that there were any policies for teacher training.
The researcher recommends that the Ministry of Public Service develop incentive packages to enhance teacher motivation in primary schools. Additionally, providing accommodation for teachers to live near their schools is necessary, as many reported living far from their workplaces. Overall, teachers need motivation and improvements in their work tasks to perform effectively
Computer Technology and Students’ Social Cultural Values in Selected Secondary Schools in Kabale District.
No full textThis study adopts a descriptive research design, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate how technology affects cultural beliefs and social behaviors among secondary school students in selected schools in Kabale District. The research involves 20 students, 5 administrators, and 5 IT teachers, ensuring diverse perspectives within the educational context. Structured surveys gather quantitative data on technology usage frequency, perceived effects (positive and negative), and access to technology at home. Additionally, administrators and IT teachers undergo in-depth interviews to provide qualitative insights into technology integration and its impact on students' socio-cultural values.
The study's main objectives are to analyze both the positive and negative impacts of technology on students' socio-cultural values and suggest strategies for integrating technology while preserving cultural heritage and ethical principles. By combining surveys and interviews, the research aims to explore the intricate relationship between technology usage and cultural beliefs, illuminating how digital tools influence social behaviors and cultural identity among secondary students.
Through a mixed-methods approach, this study aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of technology's multifaceted impact on socio-cultural values in secondary education. The findings have potential implications for educational policies, curriculum design, and teaching methodologies, aiming to achieve a balanced integration of technology that respects cultural diversity and ethical considerations
Assessment of Types, Factors Contributing to Violence Against Women and its Effects on the Health Seeking Behaviour of Women in Rubanda Town Council Rubanda District.
No full textViolence against women (VAW) is a global and highly complex phenomenon affecting women‟s health-seeking behaviour differently in various contextual settings depending on its prevalence, type, and predisposing factors. This study assessed the prevalence of VAW, factors that predispose women to VAW, and the effect of violence on women‟s health-seeking behaviour in Rubanda Town Council, Rubanda District. A cross-sectional study collecting qualitative and quantitative data was conducted from 422 study participants, including 407 women, 4 probation officers, 6 police, and 10 Local council chairpersons. Frequencies, percentages, and logistic regression were used to achieve the objectives. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results indicated that of the 407 respondents, the majority were aged 23-27 years (81.8%), had primary education (56.3%), were Christians (95.8%), were married (83.3%), self-employed (74.9%) and Bakiga (76.7%). VAW stood at 52.3% and verbal VAW (70.0%) was the most prevalent. Factors that predisposed women to higher VAW were being married (AOR
=3.3, 95%CI: 1.2-9.2p = 0.020) but worse when separated (AOR = 46.3, 95%CI: 4.0-533.4, p = 0.002). Alcoholism was protective against VAW with a lower likelihood of VAW, especially if both partners were involved in alcoholism compared to no alcoholism to any of them (AOR = 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1-0.5, p = 0.001). Only women having peers were associated with a high likelihood of VAW (AOR = 2.9, 95%CI: 1.0-8.0 p = 0.043). Inability to meet expectations of men compared to no expectations at all was associated with a lower likelihood of VAW (AOR
=0.3, 95%CI: 0.1-0.9, p = 0.004) but higher when expectations of both men and women are not met (AOR = 1.1, 95%CI: 0.4-2.7, p = 0.891). Of the 407 respondents, VAW adversely affected most of the health-seeking behaviour, particularly attending ANC alone without husbands (84.5%) and delay to seek health care due to disagreements with the husband (82.6%). Measures in place to curb VAW included the majority reported seeking health care outside the home area (54.8%) although over half found it hard to share VAW experiences (62.9%) and forgot to visit health facilities for help (68.6%). VAW was generally high in Rubanda district, mostly reporting physical and emotional VAW with being not being married (single), alcoholism, and expectations not met protective against VAW yet VAW adversely affected ANC without husbands and delay to seek health care due to disagreements from the husband with minimal measures to curb VAW as victims preferred seeking health care outside home area of residence, hard to share VAW experiences and forgot to visit health facility for help. It is recommended that stakeholders should engage women through women/men groups and other associations should emphasize policies against women and report perpetrators to authorities
Effectiveness of Family Therapy in Social Work Practice in Buhara Sub-County Kabale District.
No full textThe study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of family therapy in social work practice in Kabale District, Uganda. The study was guided by the following objectives namely; to identify the activities involved in family therapy in social work practice in Buhara Sub County, to find out the challenges faced by social workers in family therapy in Buhara Sub County, and to assess the strategies for improving social work practice in Buhara Sub County. The study sampled 50 respondents from the target population of 56. The study used a descriptive research design combined with a case study design. The findings/ results showed that conducting a thorough assessment of the family's history, dynamics, and current issues. Establishing rapport and building a therapeutic alliance with each family member, some respondents also showed that creating a genogram to visually represents the family structure, relationships, and patterns across generations. From the findings, some respondents showed that insufficient funding and resources for family therapy programs. Lack of access to mental health services and specialized training for social workers. Cultural competence was mentioned by respondents in that most strategies mentioned by respondents in that social workers should be culturally competent and aware of the specific cultural nuances and practices in Buhara sub-county. The study concluded that while reaching the gold standard for effectiveness remains a distant goal for structural–strategic family therapy, this paper offers some evidence about its usefulness for improving individual, dyadic, and family adjustment in families with adolescents with mental health difficulties. The study recommends that family therapy should take a holistic approach by considering the family as a system. This approach is effective in addressing interconnected issues within the family, such as communication patterns, power dynamics, and relational conflicts. Family therapy should help to improve communication patterns within the family. Social workers facilitate open and constructive dialogues, leading to better understanding and resolution of conflicts
Aspects of How Teachers and Students Use Instructional Materials for Effective Instructional and Learning of History.
No full textThe study focused on how teachers and students utilize instructional materials to enhance the teaching and learning of history, aiming to investigate their effectiveness and the challenges faced in secondary schools in Kisoro Municipality. The objectives included examining the impact of instructional materials on students' performance in history, identifying challenges faced by teachers and students in using these materials, and proposing solutions to these challenges. The research covered the background, problem statement, purpose, objectives, research questions, scope, and significance of the study. A literature review was conducted, analyzing related research by various authors to help draw conclusions. Data collection methods included questionnaires and interviews.
The study concluded that while instructional materials are essential for effective teaching, they cannot replace quality teaching strategies. These materials should be used to supplement, not replace, skilled instruction. Students often perform poorly without teaching aids, but they need a competent teacher to achieve their best results. The study recommended that the Ugandan government, through the Ministry of Education, should address the challenges hindering the teaching and learning of history, ensure schools have adequate teaching materials, and train teachers on how to improvise when materials are unavailable in most secondary schools in Kisoro Municipality, Kisoro District
Effect of Child Neglect on Academic Performance of Pupils in Primary Schools of Buyanja Sub-County Rukungiri District.
No full textThe study examined the impact of child neglect on the academic performance of primary school pupils in Buyanja Sub-County, Rukungiri District. It was guided by three objectives: to investigate the causes of child neglect affecting pupils' academic performance, to identify the effects of child neglect on academic performance, and to propose solutions to combat child neglect and improve pupils' academic performance. A descriptive research design was employed, focusing on events after they occurred. Data collection methods included questionnaires, interviews, and an interview guide. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches, with simple random and purposive sampling applied to a sample size of 202 respondents. The findings identified several causes of child neglect, including single parenthood, lack of parental education, parental stress and overwhelm, lack of social support, inadequate welfare systems, and parental substance abuse. The effects of child neglect on pupils' academic performance included developmental issues, insecure or disorganized attachment with caregivers, physical health problems, and learning difficulties. To address these issues, the study suggested solutions such as implementing parenting education programs, improving access to mental health services, providing community support programs, strengthening early childhood education, and enhancing child welfare systems. The study concluded by emphasizing the significant causes of child neglect, such as single parenthood, inadequate parental education, and lack of social support, and called for targeted interventions to improve the academic performance of affected pupils
An algorithm to Detect Overlapping Red Blood Cells for Sickle Cell Disease Diagnosis.
No full textIn Africa, Uganda is among the countries with a high number of babies (20,000 babies)born with sickle cell, contributing between 6.8% of the children born with sickle cell every year worldwide and approximately 4.5% of the children born with hemoglobinopathies worldwide. It is estimated that by 2050, sickle cell cases will increase by 30% if no intervention is put in place. To facilitate early detection of sickle cell anemia, medical experts employ machine learning algorithms to detect sickle cell abnormality. Previous research revealed that algorithms for recognizing the shape of a sickle cell from blood smear by fractional dimension, cannot detect sickle cells if applied to blood samples containing overlapping red blood cells. In this research, the authors developed an algorithm to detect overlapping red blood cells for sickle cell disease diagnosis. The algorithm uses canny edge and double threshold machine learning techniques and takes overlapping red blood cell images as inputs to detect if these cells are sickle cell anemic. These images have a scale magnification of (200×, 400×, 650×) pixel taken using a microscope. The algorithm was tested on a total of 1000 digital images and the overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity
were 98.18%, 98.29%, and 97.98% respectively
Assessing the Effect of Saturation Variations on the Factor of Safety of Slopes in Elgon Sub-Region.
No full textIn the challenging terrain of the Elgon sub-region, where slope stability is critical, this research project investigates the intricate relationship between saturation variation and the safety of slopes. This study combines field investigations and geotechnical analyses to unravel the impact of changing water content on slope behavior. I began by conducting a series of geotechnical tests. The Particle Size Distribution (PSD) analysis reveals intriguing trends; as you descend through the soil profile, gravel and sand content increase, while silty/clay content decreases. These variations have significant implications for slope stability. Silty/clay-rich soils dominate the region, but their fine-grained nature leads to reduced shear strength. When saturated, these soils become even more vulnerable, resulting in lower Factor of Safety (FOS) values for the slopes. The FOS, a critical parameter in slope stability assessments, exhibits a clear inverse relationship with saturation levels. As water content rises, the FOS decreases. This underscores the importance of considering saturation variations when evaluating slope stability. The findings also emerge from direct shear tests, which highlight potential weaknesses at specific depths likely attributable to the interplay between saturation and soil properties.
In conclusion, this research contributes valuable insights into geotechnical engineering practices in the Elgon sub-region. By understanding how saturation affects slope stability, we can develop informed management strategies for similar geological settings. Ultimately, this study work serves as a stepping stone toward safer and more resilient slope designs in challenging landscapes