Kabale University Digital Repository (KAB-DR)
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Usawiri wa Ubabedume Katika Fasihi Simulizi: Uchunguzi wa Methali za Kinyankore.
No full textUtafiti huu ulifanywa kuhusu usawiri wa ubabedume katika fasihi simulizi: uchunguzi wa methali za kinyankore. Lengo kuu la utafiti huu lilikuwa ni kuchunguza usawiri wa ubabedume katika fasihi simulizi: uchunguzi wa methali za kinyankore. Mbinu za kukusanya data zilikuwa ni mahojiano na uchanganuzi nyaraka na data za utafiti huu zilizokusanywa zilichanganuliwa kwa kutumia mkabala wa kiamaelezo. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yamewasilishwa kwa mtiririko kama malengo ya utafiti katika sura ya kwanza yalivyobainishwa mtawalia. Matokeo ya lengo la kwanza yaliwasilishwa kwa jedwali 4.1. Methali za Kinyankole zimeorodheshwa kwa jedwali hilo. Matokeo ya lengo la pili yanaonyesha kwamba kuna methali nyingi za Kinyankole ambazo kwazo ubabedume unasawiriwa na methali hizo ni kama vile; Utafiti huu umekuwa na malengo mawili yanni lengo la kwanza ambalo limekuwa linahusu kukusanya methali za Kinyankole ambazo zinasawiri ubabedume. Mtafiti amekusanya methali za kinyankole ambazo zinasawiri ubabedume. Pamoja na lengo la pili ambalo lilikuwa linahusu kuchunguza namna methali hizo zinazosawiri ubabedume na mtafiti amezichunguza methali hizo kwa kuonyesha namna hizo methali zinazosawiri ubabedume
Poverty and Family Relationships: A Case Study of Bukimbiri County Kisoro District.
No full textThis research investigates the impact of poverty on family relationships in Bukimbiri County, Kisoro District with the aim of providing insights for the development of targeted social work and social administration interventions. Specific objectives of the study included: (i) analyzing the economic conditions and access to essential services shaping the lives of families, (ii) investigating the influence of poverty on family dynamics and the overall quality of family relationships, and (iii) providing recommendations for social work interventions aimed at alleviating the impact of poverty on family relationships. Using a mixed-methods design, the study integrated both qualitative and quantitative research methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics between poverty and family relationships. The research sample comprised 188 individuals from 152 households, selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Findings reveal the socioeconomic challenges faced by families, such as limited access to clean water and exploitative marketing practices. Poverty was found to significantly influence family dynamics, impacting communication patterns, decision-making processes, and the overall well-being of people in their communities. The generational perspectives of individuals in the mid-age range (36-50 years) and the 26-35 years age group play pivotal roles in shaping family life in their respective households.
Recommendations include tailored social work interventions focusing on empowering women in economic activities, advocating for fair trade practices, and promoting access to clean water. The study contributes to the understanding of poverty's nuanced impact on family relationships, offering insights for social work practice, policy advocacy, and future research in similar contexts
Distribution of Candida Species Isolated from People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus With Oropharyngeal and Oral Candidiasis in Africa in the Era Of Universal Test and Treat Policy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
No full textBackground The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the implementation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) universal test and treat (UTT) policy have led to a decline in the incidence of opportunistic infections. However, oropharyngeal and oral candidiasis remain prevalent and continue to pose challenges among people living with human immunodefciency virus (PLHIV) in Africa, indicating the need for a better understanding of the distribution of Candida species responsible for these infections. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the distribution of Candida species isolated from PLHIV with oropharyngeal and oral candidiasis in Africa in the era of UTT policy.
Methods The review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify eligible studies to be included in the meta-analysis and analyzed using a random effects model in STATA version 17.
The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool.
Results Fourteen studies with 4281 participants were included in the review. Overall, 2095 Candida isolates were reported, 78.7% (1650/2095) of which were C. albicans, 19.6% (410/2095), non-albicans Candida (NAC), and 1.7% (35/2095) could not be identified to the Candida specific species level. The most prevalent NAC species were C. glabrate (26.3%), followed by C. tropicalis (24.9%), C. krusei (15.6%), C. parapsilosis (11%), and C. dubliniensis (6.3%). The pooled prevalence of oropharyngeal and oral candidiasis was 48% (95% CI 34–62%). The prevalence of oropharyngeal
candidiasis was higher in the pre-UTT era, at 56% (95% CI 40–72%, p<0.001), than in the post-UTT era, at 34% (95% CI 10–67%, p<0.001). The risk of bias assessment revealed that 71.4% (10/14) of the included studies had a low risk of bias and that 28.6% (4/14) had a moderate risk of bias.
Conclusions While C. albicans remains, the predominant species causing oropharyngeal and oral candidiasis among PLHIV in Africa, NAC species also contribute significantly to the infection burden. Despite ART and UTT policies, oropharyngeal candidiasis remains prevalent, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions
Effect of High-Risk Versus Low-Risk Pregnancy at the First Antenatal Care Visit On the Occurrence of Complication During Pregnancy and Labour Or Delivery in Kenya: A Double-Robust Estimation.
No full textObjectives We evaluated the causal effects of high-risk versus low-risk pregnancy at the first antenatal care (ANC) visit on the occurrence of complications during pregnancy and labour or delivery among women in Kenya. Methods We designed a quasi-experimental study using observational data from a large mobile health wallet programme, with the exposure as pregnancy risk at the first ANC visit, measured on a binary scale (low vs high). Complications during pregnancy and at labour or delivery
were the study outcomes on a binary scale (yes vs no). The causal effects of the exposure were examined using a double-robust estimation, reported as an OR with a 95% CI. Results We studied 4419 women aged 10–49 years (mean, 25.6±6.27 years), with the majority aged 20–29 years (53.4%) and rural residents (87.4%). Of 3271 women with low-risk pregnancies at the first ANC visit, 833 (25.5%) had complications during pregnancy while 1074 (32.8%) had complications at labour/delivery. Conversely, of 1148 women with high-risk pregnancies at the first ANC visit, 343 (29.9%) had complications during pregnancy while 488 (42.5%) had complications at labour delivery. Multivariable adjusted analysis showed that women with high-risk pregnancy at the time of first ANC attendance had a higher occurrence of pregnancy during pregnancy (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.46) and labour
or delivery (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.41). In the double-robust estimation, a high-risk pregnancy at first ANC
visit increased the occurrence of complications during pregnancy (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.46) and labour or
delivery (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.45).
Conclusion Women with a high-risk pregnancy at the first ANC visit have an increased occurrence of complications during pregnancy and labour or delivery. These women should be identified early for close and appropriate obstetric and intrapartum monitoring and care to ensure maternal and neonatal survival
Wetland Conservation and Management Practices in Rubanda District South-Western Uganda.
No full textWorldwide, wetlands cover about 9% of the land surface and are recognized as bio- networks that offer living prospects when managed properly. Despite the present resource management regime, many wetlands in Uganda are being degraded due to mining, construction, agricultural and industrial activity, and little attention has been paid to the effectiveness of wetland conservation. The goal of this research was to evaluate Nyamuriro wetland conservation and management practices in Muko Sub-County, Rubanda District, in south-western Uganda. The study was guided by specific objectives, which included investigating the management approaches used in Nyamuriro wetland conservation, identifying the management challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation, and evaluating sustainable solutions to the challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design that included qualitative and quantitative data gathering and analysis techniques. A total of 109 people participated in the study using simple random and purposive sampling approaches. In this study, data was collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, and observational approaches. Most respondents strongly agree that wetland restoration is the best management approach for Nyamuriro wetland conservation (Mean =
4.87, SD = 0.547). Corruption was the most significant hindrance to the conservation of Nyamuriro wetland among the management problems (Mean =3.41, SD = 0.467). Overall, the data showed that there was a significant positive association between conservation management techniques but not between viable Nyamuriro wetland conservation measures. The study recommended that strict lawsand procedures should be put in place to ease restrictions on wetland conservation
Resilience Project Interventions and its Effect on Vulnerable Household’s Standards of Living in Uganda: An Empirical Evidence from USAID ICAN Project in Kigezi Sub-Region.
No full textThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the Resilience project interventions and their effect on vulnerable households’ Standards of Living in Uganda with empirical Evidence from the USAID ICAN project. The research focuses on three objectives; to assess the impact of project livelihood interventions on vulnerable households’ standard of living in the Kigezi sub-region, to examine the influence of project nutrition interventions on vulnerable households’ standard of living in the Kigezi sub-region, and to determine the influence of governance interventions on vulnerable household’s standard of living in Kigezi sub-region. The study relied on secondary quantitative and qualitative data collected by the USAID ICAN project 900 respondents. Data was analyzed using Stata software to determine descriptive statistics (mean, average, frequencies) and the relationship between variables using Chi-square whereas Inferential analysis for a two-sample test of proportions for livelihood, nutrition, and governance interventions as well as adoptions at baseline and end line of the project, was conducted to determine whether the difference or change created by the project was statistically significant. The study findings revealed that households receiving and adopting livelihood and nutrition interventions had increased steadily depicting a boost in the resilience of vulnerable households’ standards of living whereas governance interventions had a slight increase from 2018 to 2022. This was affirmed by the chi-square tests where the computed significant value was less than the critical value of 0.05 for nutrition and livelihood sub-purposes contrary to the governance sub-purpose with a computed significant value greater than the critical value of 0.05 in 2018 and 2022. The two Sample tests of proportions for livelihood and nutrition sub-purpose were statistically different for both interventions and adoptions and even for governance adoptions but not governance interventions. The study concluded that the USAID ICAN project improved vulnerable standards of living much better in livelihood and nutrition sub-purposes, unlike the governance sub-purpose where the adoptions could be due to other external factors in addition to the project. The study further recommended a strong need for quality of training, increased duration of resilience projects, integration of services at the household level, and complementing facilitative approach with Pip approach and demonstrations for efficient livelihood, nutrition, and governance resilience interventions that enhance the resilience of vulnerable household’s standards of living
Design and Modellingof a Pneumatic Vice Machine
No full textThis study presented the design and development of a pneumatic vice engineered to deliver a stable clamping force exceeding 500N, suitable for a variety of industrial applications. The design focuses on optimizing the pneumatic actuator mechanism to ensure consistent performance under varying load conditions. Key features include a robust frame constructed from high-strength materials, an adjustable clamping jaw system for accommodating different workpiece geometries, and integrated pressure control for fine-tuning clamping force. Additionally, the vice incorporates safety mechanisms to prevent over-clamping and enhance operator safety. Through a series of experiments, the vice's performance was evaluated, demonstrating its reliability and effectiveness in maintaining the desired clamping force during machining and assembly processes. The results indicate that this pneumatic vice can significantly improve productivity and precision in manufacturing environments. Future work will explore the integration of automation and sensor technologies to further enhance its capabilities. The general objectives of this project were to design and simulate an efficient and easy-to-operate pneumatic Vice and specific objectives were to determine the design parameters of the pneumatic vice, design using 3D modeling software (DS SOLIDWORKS), sizing, and select the components of the pneumatic vice, the design the layout of the pneumatic vice, simulation using ANSYS software and fabricating the system using suitable selected materials and techniques basing on design specifications. The methods included library searches, field surveys, internet searches, and interviews. Reviewing design parameters of different scholars to come up with the conceptual design and developing the layout by use of SOLID WORKS. The design for different major components was carried out while others were just selected. Stress analysis and simulations were also performed to study the behavior of the jaws
Effects of Corporal Punishments on Pupils Learning of English in Selected Primary Schools in Kyanamira Sub-County Kabale District Western Uganda.
No full textThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of corporal punishments on pupils learning of English language in selected primary schools in Kyanamira Sub County, Kabale district, southwestern Uganda. It was guided by objectives that included investigating the causes of corporal punishments in primary schools, finding out the effects of corporal punishments, and examining the possible strategies to reduce corporal punishments in primary schools. The researcher used simple random sampling to select 5 primary schools to represent others to give out necessary data about the subject. The selected primary schools were Kyanamira, Nyabushabi, Nyakagyera, Rwababa and Kigata. According to the data collected on causes of corporal punishments, 40% of respondents said that corporal punishment has to be applied in schools to control pupils, 22.6% said punishment raises academic performance 16.6%) said it reduces negligence by maintaining punctuality (15%) and controlling students in school compound (5%). The respondents suggested that teachers should use other alternatives like manual work to control student’s discipline. The majority of respondents (51%) who agreed that corporal punishment to be used in primary schools came with the grounds that corporal punishment acted as a catalyst for motivating learners to study by themselves, enhance learners to close their studies, refrain learners from issues that break school laws as well as maintaining punctuality among learners. On the other hand, the respondents who disagreed with the corporal punishment being used in schools argued that the punishment made learners lose their freedom when interacting with teachers hence absconding and escaping from school Fearing the corporal punishment. The remaining 13% were not sure whether the punishment had any contribution to students’ academic performance and they had suggested the punishment be used only in serious matters concerning students’ misbehavior. In order to ensure academic performance in Kyanamira sub-county schools respondents suggested different ways. Respondents said 40 (20%) teachers should use effective participatory methods in teaching, 36 (18%) suggested that schools should take pupils on study tours, 56 (28%) pupils should have enough group discussions, 24 (12%) said learners should be provided with regular assignment, also 16 (8%) suggested schools should have guidance and counseling services, 12 (6%) said there should be remedial classes, 16 (8%) suggested effective use of library. Table 12.14 summarizes the results. From the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations have been made to reduce the use of corporal punishment as the solution to academic performance in primary schools. The education policy should insist that teachers have to use their professionalism to enhance higher performance schools rather than corporal punishment which creates fear in some pupils. The government also should open up opportunities for students who have different levels of understanding and improve their performance without using corporal punishment
Theoretical Review of Pay Restructuring in Uganda's Public Service Health Sector.
No full textThis article examines the impact of wage reforms on service delivery, financial stability, managerial efficiency, and donor influence and focuses on the public health sector in Uganda. Like other reforming countries, Uganda also implemented salary structure reform for various reasons, but the most important ones were to pay civil servants a living wage, make remuneration transparent, align the salary structure with the single-spine structure, and consequently increase the number of employees' motivation and efficiency in service delivery. The study analyzed research articles, policy documents, reports, and media coverage on pay changes for public health workers. Key findings show that the original goal of wage reforms, such as the single-spine structure has not been achieved; several pay scale structures were reintroduced. Different service models are used to calculate wages. Similar cadres of civil servants receive different salary grades; and wage allocation receives more funding than other areas, such as development and supplies. The results suggest that salary increases affect allocations in other important areas but do not always result in public health workers' commitment to service. Compromise and negotiation have played an important role in public sector wage restructuring. A review of wage reforms implemented across Uganda's public sector will be based on the recommendations and issues addressed in this study. The study provides crucial benchmarks with regard to wage reform strategies that promote diversity in the public sector and the distribution of authorities. This study is unique because it focuses on wage restructuring in the public sector to align practices with policies. Although based on a review of relevant documents, it was conducted for the first time in Uganda
Effect of School Welfare on English Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in the Selected Secondary Schools in Kabale Municipality.
No full textThe study investigated the impact of school welfare on job satisfaction among English teachers in selected secondary schools in Kabale Municipality. The objectives included assessing how housing conditions affect job satisfaction, examining the contribution of meal provision to job satisfaction, and determining the effect of medical care provision on job satisfaction among English teachers in these schools. A cross-sectional survey was employed, utilizing questionnaires and interviews for data collection. Findings indicated that adequate and affordable housing positively impacts English teachers' well-being, contributing to their job satisfaction. Good housing conditions close to the school enable teachers to have sufficient time to prepare lesson plans and teach effectively. Additionally, the study revealed that providing meals for English teachers leads to increased job satisfaction, as it saves time that would otherwise be spent seeking food outside the school. Nutritious meals also enhance teachers' overall well-being, further contributing to their job satisfaction. Furthermore, the study found that access to medical care fosters peace of mind among teachers, which in turn enhances job satisfaction. This provision allows teachers to address their health needs, promoting greater job satisfaction overall. The study recommends that educational associations and teacher unions advocate for housing support and policies that promote work-life balance at both regional and national levels to ensure English teachers' job satisfaction. It also suggests implementing wellness programs focused on healthy lifestyles, including exercise, nutrition, and stress management, to improve care for teachers