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Creating the Thomas McRae Sanitorium for Negros: Race, Contagion, and Space in Jim Crow Arkansas
No full textThe Thomas McRae Memorial Sanatorium for Negroes, located in Alexander, Arkansas, opened its doors in 1931 as the only resource for the entire state’s population of consumptive African Americans. It was touted as one of the best of its kind under the supervision of Dr Hugh A. Browne. But its “kind” was a facility intended for individuals whom whites in the medical and political establishment viewed not only as second class citizens but as biologically and medically different
Helping Someone Off the Hook: Post-Moral Disengagement as an Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Strategy in a Hypothetical Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assault Vignette
No full textPost-moral disengagement (PMD) is posited as a form of interpersonal emotion regulation that involves altering the severity of harmful conduct and/or the transgressor’s personal responsibility to facilitate avoidance of negative emotions like guilt, which could maintain problematic behaviors. A pervasive harmful behavior on college campuses is alcohol-involved sexual violence, wherein intoxication is often used as an excuse or justification for assault. Though some aggressors of sexual violence experience guilt afterwards, it is unclear how bystanders might respond to this display of emotion and the potential applicability of PMD. As an initial step to assessing PMD as interpersonal emotion regulation, the present study aimed to (1) adapt an existing hypothetical vignette depicting alcohol-involved sexual assault wherein a male aggressor expresses guilt; and (2) explore the applicability of PMD mechanisms as a form of interpersonal emotion regulation in response to the vignette. College students aged 18 and older (N = 16; 50% female) with frequent exposure to alcohol use completed cognitive interviews regarding their perceptions of and reactions to the vignette to inform the final version of the adapted vignette. Participants also answered a follow-up question on what someone in their position might do or say to comfort the aggressor. Participant responses were analyzed using a thematic analysis and hybrid coding approach, respectively. The finalized version of the vignette and follow-up question are presented based on participant feedback with a rationale for changes to the scenario. The preliminary results of bystander responses to the aggressor’s expression of guilt included the presence of PMD, strategies of direct and diffuse, encouragement of reparations, and collection of more information. Applicability to bystander intervention programming, potential clinical implications, and future research directions are discussed
Media’s New-Age Opinion Leaders: Audience Perceptions of SMI Credibility and Opinion Leadership Role
No full textWith worldwide technological and communication advancements in the last few decades, everyday citizens can capture, create, and share news through social media platforms. Nowadays, prominent social media influencers (SMIs) influence where and from whom online audiences consume their news and information. This study aims to explore how different SMI attributes – such as attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness – and their social media tactics create or add to audience perceptions of SMIs as credible online opinion leaders. Applying Two-Step Flow theory and Source Credibility theory, the study used data from a survey of 115 participants to understand how audiences perceived the trustworthiness and expertise of SMIs when evaluating credibility. The research found that SMI trustworthiness and expertise have stronger positive relationships with credibility, and SMI attractiveness has the strongest positive relationship with opinion leadership. Yet, the regressions show that SMI trustworthiness has a statistically significant effect on opinion leadership, and both attractiveness and trustworthiness have a statistically significant effect on credibility. This study integrates and provides an examination of modern mass media communications and audience perceptions of SMI credibility and the opinion leadership role. The findings suggest that social media users prioritize attractiveness and trustworthiness when considering SMIs to be credible opinion leaders, while content attractiveness and expertise play minor, insignificant roles
Mechanistic Understanding of Virus Retention during Virus Filtration for the Downstream Purification of Therapeutic Proteins
No full textEnsuring viral safety is critical in the production of biotherapeutics derived from mammalian cell cultures. Virus filtration (VF) is a critical step in downstream bioprocessing, designed to remove potential viral contaminants while maintaining product yield and quality. However, virus retention efficiency can be influenced by process conditions, protein interactions, and membrane fouling mechanisms. This dissertation explores the mechanisms of virus retention in commercial virus filters and examines the effects of process pauses and protein fouling. In addition to virus filtration, this dissertation also evaluates Anion exchange Chromatography (AEX), which evaluates alternative AEX, such as AEX membrane and multimodal AEX membrane. The study used confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize virus retention, providing direct insights into the retention behaviors of Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) in various feed conditions. Findings from this research offer better mechanistic understanding into virus filtration and alternative virus clearance methods, contributing to enhanced process robustness in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. In Chapter 2, virus filtration was conducted to investigate the impact of process pauses and different protein solutions on virus retention behavior within Planova™ series virus filters (20N, S20N, and BioEX) under constant flux (75 LMH) with high throughput. Confocal microscopy was used to image the fluorescently labeled MVM and ImageJ was used to plot the retention profiles. Each membrane with distinct membrane structures shows different virus retention profiles. The results demonstrate that process pauses effects promote deeper viral migration within membranes due to Brownian motion by diffusion. BSA-induced fouling significantly shifts and broadens retention profiles, indicating severe fouling effects and pore blockage. Conversely, mAb feeds, with minimal aggregates, result in minor retention shifts, primarily via adsorption-related pore narrowing. Building upon the findings presented in Chapter 2, the next Chapter 3 systematically explores the impact of flow dynamics (constant flux vs. constant pressure) on virus retention across three virus filters. Filtration experiments were performed under constant pressure at 0.1 MPa and constant flux conditions identical to those described previously. Confocal microscopy and retention profiles revealed that virus retention inside the membrane was significantly influenced by convective and diffusive transport mechanisms, which can be quantified by Peclet number. Under constant pressure, membrane fouling, particularly in the BSA feeds, worsens the localized virus retention through mechanisms of pore blockage and diffusion. This research provides mechanistic understanding into the impacts of membrane structure, filtration dynamics, protein feeds with different aggregates level and process pause on the virus retention behaviors. In addition to virus filtration, alternative virus clearance strategies, AEX, were investigated in this dissertation. Membrane chromatography provides notable advantages over traditional packed-bed chromatography, including higher achievable flow rates and reduced mass transfer limitations. Chapter 4 compares the MVM clearance performance of membrane adsorbers and conventional resin-based AEX columns in different protein feed solutions. AEX membrane exhibited better virus removal efficiency across varying flow conditions and maintained robust clearance even with feeds containing high impurity levels, demonstrating its promising potential as a viable alternative to traditional chromatography. Furthermore, recognizing the limitation posed by high salt concentrations on traditional AEX chromatography, chapter 5 evaluates multimodal membrane chromatography for virus removal during monoclonal antibody purification. The results highlight that multimodal membranes significantly enhance virus retention compared to conventional AEX membranes, thereby providing an effective, robust, and scalable approach for virus clearance
Assessment of Mental Health Needs for Chronically Unhoused Individuals Living in a Bridge Housing Community
No full textHigher rates of psychopathology and substance use are reported in individuals experiencing homelessness compared to the general population, especially in those who are chronically unhoused. Chronically homeless individuals are also less likely to access treatment for these problems because of barriers to care. Addressing housing needs is an important first step in engaging people who are homeless with the care they need. This project focused on assessing the mental health needs of a Housing First community in Northwest Arkansas, which has few barriers for entry but does not provide direct support for mental health. This project adopted a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, meaning the community this project is intended to serve was directly involved in the planning and completion of this research. Residents (n = 11) and staff (n = 5) from the community were interviewed with the goals of identifying mental health needs of its residents, articulating gaps between needs and current availability and utilization of services, and developing a list of recommendations for improving resident mental health. Recorded interviews were transcribed, and content analysis was used to identify common themes related to resident and staff perceptions of mental health goals of the program, mental health needs of residents, utilized services and their helpfulness, barriers to accessing care, and ideas for improving resident mental health. Based on these findings, seven recommendations for improving mental health were formulated and included: more on-site services, psychoeducation, out-of-the-box activities, rule enforcement, continuing to refer residents to off-site services, and providing additional support for staff through training and mental health support. Results were presented to interested residents (n = 7) and staff (n = 6) in feedback sessions. Participants expressed overall agreement with findings and recommendations and provided additional feedback. The possible application of these findings, strengths and limitations of this study, and future directions are discussed
Bacillus Isolate Compositions and Methods of Using and Producing the Same
No full textThe present invention provides Bacillus isolates, as well as probiotic and animal feed compositions comprising said isolates, which may be included in the diet of poultry to improve growth performance with reduced energy diets. Methods of using these compositions to improve nutritional uptake or to reduce the incidence of footpad dermatitis in poultry are also provided
Historical Note: The Capricious Nature of Privanzas in Habsburg Spain: 1556-1665
No full textThe vast reaches of the Spanish Habsburg empire necessitated a change in court politics in order to manage day-to-day issues for the king. The answer to this problem in Spain, as in other European kingdoms, was the emergence of the privado or court favorite as a legitimate official who would ideally manage the influx of state affairs, limiting access to the king that would have been previously attainable through audiences. While the original purpose of the privado was to alleviate the countless duties of an overburdened monarch, early modern privanzas became a form of art in the expression of absolute authority. Using major works from immanent historians of Habsburg Spain, this essay will demonstrate the changing nature of privanzas from the early sixteenth to the mid-seventeenth century
Effectiveness of Maternal Bovine Appeasing Substance Administered to Newly Received, High-Risk Stocker Calves
No full textStocker cattle purchased at auction can be susceptible to disease due to the stressors associated with the auction process and are referred to as “high-risk.” The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a maternal bovine appeasing substance, FerAppease®, on the growth performance, health, and behavior of stocker cattle. Male beef calves (n = 80) were purchased at auction and transported to the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Savoy Research Complex Beef Stocker Unit. On day 0, bulls were castrated, and steers and bulls were assigned to 8 pens (n = 10 calves/pen; 6 bulls and 4 steers/pen). Cattle in 4 pens were treated with FerAppease (F) (n = 40), and cattle in the other 4 pens were not treated and served as controls (C, n = 40). Cattle were monitored daily for clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Body weight was recorded, and average daily gain was calculated. Chute exit velocity was measured with an electric timing system. Hair-extracted cortisol and blood serum haptoglobin were also measured. There was minimal treatment effect (P \u3e 0.05) on any of the measures collected. However, more C bulls at arrival had been treated for BRD by the end of the trial (63%) compared to other groups (41% F bulls, 6% C steers, and 30% F steers; sex × treatment P = 0.05). Overall, the results from this study indicate that there could have been some effect of the treatment through a reduction in morbidity
Children\u27s Butterfly Book
No full textPublished by Saafield’s Publishing Company in 1907, this colorful children’s book is made entirely out of cloth. The delicate pink cotton book was gifted to the University of Arkansas’ Museum in 1989 by Lina Watson and features six unique pages featuring illustrations of butterfly families native to North America; one page pictured here features a Barred Swallowtail.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/uamucc/1007/thumbnail.jp