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Leukocyte Infiltration Profiles at the Site of Intradermal Injection of SILIKON-1000 in Scleroderma-Prone UCD200/206 and Healthy White Leghorn Chickens
No full textIntradermal injections of silicone-based fillers for the face and body may cause chronic inflammation and fibrotic reactions in some individuals. Chickens from the UCD 200/206 White Leghorn (WL) line spontaneously develop a fibrotic autoimmune disease known as scleroderma/systemic sclerosis (SSc). Using the SSc-prone UCD and healthy WL chickens, a longitudinal study was conducted to examine the cellular inflammatory responses to intradermal (i.d.) injections of sterile SILIKON-1000. Specifically, the pulp (a skin derivative) of growing feathers (GFs) was i.d. injected with sterile SILIKON-1000 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as injection control (8 and 3 birds/line, respectively; 10 µL/GF; 20 GFs/bird). Two GFs were collected from each bird before (0 d) and at 0.25 (6 h), 1, 2, 3, and 7 d post-injection (p.i.) for leukocyte population analysis by flow cytometry. Pulp-injection of SILIKON-1000 resulted in similar, rapid (6 h) heterophil and macrophage increases (P ≤ 0.001) in GF-pulps in both lines, with greater macrophage levels (% pulp cells; P = 0.029) at 6 h p.i. in UCD-SSc than WL. In WL, SILIKON-1000 injection resulted in somewhat greater levels of pulp-infiltrating macrophages (P = 0.039) and CD4+ T cells (P = 0.024) than PBS injection; whereas in UCD-SSc chickens, γδ T cell levels were substantially greater (P = 0.008) post SILIKON-1000 than PBS injection. As γδ T cells were shown to play an important role in the fibrotic process by up-regulating collagen expression in SSc patients, the greater γδ T cell recruitment suggests that in UCD-SSc chickens, the direction of the SILIKON-1000 induced inflammatory response may be towards increased collagen production and fibrosis, rather than normal tissue restoration
Perceived Obligations of Older Partners in Living-Apart-Together Relationships
No full textOlder and middle-aged adults are increasingly in Living-Apart-Together (LAT) relationships characterized by committed romantic relationships without marriage and cohabitation. Because of assumptions that older adults will receive family caregiving as they grow older and need caregiving, it is not clear how people are likely to perceive obligations to provide caregiving assistance. As adults move into old age and incidence rates of Alzheimer’s Disease or Related Dementia (ADRD) increase, questions about the availability of family members to provide needed assistance are complicated by LAT relationships. The purpose of this study was to examine perceived obligations to provide assistance to older adults living with dementia, specifically focusing on LAT relationships. Quantitative survey research was done using three scales and two randomized vignettes per participant. We measured contextual (obligation to provide instrumental, personal, and financial care) based off of the (1) sex of the person needing versus providing care, (2) marital status (married or LAT), (3) approval of adult children, (4) recent sexual intimacy, and (5) reasons for marital dissolution (divorce or widowhood). We also measured cultural (familism, religiosity, and individualism) variables. In this study, the perceived obligations of older adult partners in LAT relationships were evaluated. The findings suggest that legal marital status and extended family support significantly impact the perceived obligation of the vignette partner to provide physical and financial assistance. The growing prevalence and social recognition of LAT relationships in caregiving contexts are important for future research and policy development
Assessing the Prevalence of Ehrlichia spp. in Ticks Associated with Canids in Arkansas
No full textCanine ehrlichiosis is a common disease seen in dogs. The southeastern United States has been identified as an area of high prevalence, including Arkansas. Changes in climate, household income, and tick population are factors contributing to high prevalence. Canine ehrlichiosis is caused by three Ehrlichia spp., which are E. canis, E. ewingii, and E. chaffeensis. Ticks transmit the pathogen, specifically Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor variabilis, and Amblyomma americanum. For this study, the goal was to determine the prevalence of Ehrlichia spp. in Arkansas that causes canine ehrlichiosis. Ticks were collected from host canines and environmental locations. Ticks were identified by sex, species, and stage and tested using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). If positive, Sanger sequencing was used to identify the Ehrlichia spp. carried by the tick. SNAP 4DX data were recorded at two Arkansas veterinary clinics to determine prevalence in dogs. Amongst the collected ticks, five species were found. Only D. variabilis and A. americanum were tested, as they were known Ehrlichia spp. vectors. Only A. americanum ticks were identified as carriers through Sanger sequencing, and, out of the A. americanum population, 1.84% carried E. ewingii, 0.92% carried E. chaffeensis, and 0.92% carried Panola Mountain Ehrlichia. No co-infection or E. canis was found. In the SNAP 4DX testing, the first clinic showed 23.24% of tests were positive in 2023 and 22.12% in 2024, and data collected from the second clinic showed that 22.41% were positive in 2024. This study supports previous studies showing that Arkansas is an area of high prevalence
Don’t miss our latest research from our current issue, featuring: Pediatric Occupational Therapists’ Perception of How Nature-Based Play Affects Fine Motor Development by Abbi M. Rosenow, Donia P. Timby, Jacquelyn D. Wiersma-Mosley, and Amanda Terrell
No full textAbbi Rosenow (left) and mentor, Donia Timby, presenting at the University of Arkansas Bumpers College Undergraduate Honors Research Symposium.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/discovery_images/1064/thumbnail.jp
Don’t miss our latest research from our current issue, featuring: Effectiveness of Maternal Bovine Appeasing Substance Administered to Newly Received, High-Risk Stocker Calves by Elle Johnston, Rosie Whittle, Robin Cheek, Beth Kegley, Jeremy Powell, and Shawna Weimer
No full textElle Johnston presented her poster at the American Society for Animal Science Research, where she was awarded third place.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/discovery_images/1061/thumbnail.jp
Don’t miss our latest research from our current issue, featuring: Leukocyte Infiltration Profiles at the Site of Intradermal Injection of SILIKON-1000 in Scleroderma-Prone UCD200/206 and Healthy White Leghorn Chickens by Katee L. Johnson, Jossie M. Santamaria, Chrysta N. Beck, and Gisela F. Erf
No full textKatee Johnson is identifying suitable growing feathers for intradermal pulp injection of SILIKON-1000 filler.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/discovery_images/1060/thumbnail.jp
Plastic Makes Perfect: An Analysis of Plastic Surgery as Rehabilitation in Early to Late 20th Century Prison Populations
No full textAs early as 1910, journalists from around the United States reported on the cause-and- effect relationship between a criminal’s physical appearance, their offenses, and the plastic surgeons willing to help them. These surgeons were interested in changing the physical “causes” of criminality to sever the mental roots of crime, inferiority, and anti-social attitude. This paper examines the use of plastic surgery programs as reform in prison through the lens of popular newspaper and journal articles and argues that public perception and reaction revealed in these articles shaped the prison program’s journey from its underground beginning to its eventual demise
Interservice Rivalry: Examining the Relationships Between the Intelligence Organizations of the Navy, the Army and the OSS in China 1939-1943
No full textIntelligence gathering had a profound impact on WWII. In war-torn China, the US Navy, the Army, and the fledgling OSS contested with each other during the Chinese Nationalists’ fight against the Japanese Empire. The stories of the OSS, the Navy and the Army in China have all, until now, been told from three distinct but interrelated points of view. With each study solely based on a particular organization, bias toward others is inevitable. By synthesizing the sources together and weaving the different interpretations of events simultaneously, a clearer picture of the interdepartmental struggles can be seen. The primary goal of such a study is not to find fault in or blame a singular organization for the failure of a larger historical event, but rather to fill in the gaps left by the existing historiography. The purpose of this article is to provide a holistic perspective based on the existing secondary and primary source material for each of the three competing intelligence organizations in China