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Exploration of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses’ Perception of Barriers to Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Primary Care
Get PDFBackground: Breastfeeding is the biological way to provide active and passive immunity, as well as necessary nutrients, to infants while concurrently providing multiple health benefits for mothers. Even though evidence is readily available to support the argument to breastfeed, United States’ breastfeeding rates fall below Healthy People 2030 goals. Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) in primary care settings are in a prime position to give education and create care plans to support breastfeeding mothers to improve breastfeeding rates but literature supports APRNs lack confidence to do so. An APRN is likely to defer care to another provider to address any questions regarding breastfeeding care due to a sense of inadequacy, thus making mothers feel disappointed and unsupported by their provider, leading to a cessation of breastfeeding (Chesnel et al., 2022). There is minimal research available that address solutions in increasing confidence.
Methods: This project explored APRNs perception of barriers to promoting and supporting breastfeeding. The survey was a modified version of a previously used survey that assessed APRN attitudes, education, knowledge, and skills surrounding breastfeeding promotion and support.
Results: On overall education and knowledge, the average response of 3.08 based on a Likert scale measuring from not prepared (1) to extremely prepared (5). APRNs scored an average 2.81 when assessing breastfeeding assessment and management skills, 1 being no skill level and 5 being expert level. APRNs scored an average (4.85) when assessing their perceived importance of breastfeeding management in primary care, 1 being strongly disagree and 5 being strongly agree. The level of importance that practice setting barriers have on affectively promoting and supporting breastfeeding scored an average 3.91 amongst participating APRNs with 1 being not important at all and 5 being extremely important. In the open text suggestions, five APRNs suggested more education.
Conclusion: This study support previously conducted studies conclusions that more education and more access to resources, such as lactation consultants and midwives, are needed to aid APRNs. When these barriers are addressed, breastfeeding metrics can only improve.
Keywords: advanced practice registered nurses, breastfeeding, promotion, support, education, knowledge, attitude, skill
Understanding university-level food recovery programs’ approaches to minimizing food waste while combating food insecurity in the United States
No full textFood is wasted every day at each level of the food system from production to consumption. This surplus has significant negative impacts on the environment after food is sent to the landfill and allowed to rot. However, some surplus food can be repurposed and diverted from the landfill. This study served as an initial investigation to explore multiple food waste diversion programs and analyze their structure, best practices, and methods to divert leftover food. This study specifically aimed to compare and contrast food recovery programs by interviewing participants from three food recovery programs from different university institutions. With the key findings, we made suggestions for improvement upon the University of Arkansas’s food recovery program. The study determined that each program has the primary goal of addressing food insecurity, is dependent on internal university and external community partnerships, and strives for education and awareness about the issues of food insecurity and food waste. Additionally, this study discusses student versus staff-led models, differences in departmental organization, and the varying availability and sources of food. Overall, this study further highlights the significance and impact that food recovery has in combatting food insecurity and food waste
Zyn: The Social Buzz
Get PDFUse of nicotine pouches among adolescents are increasing as marketing of Zyn through social media platforms such as, TikTok, is spreading quickly. Micro-influencers on TikTok are presenting the nicotine pouch, Zyn, and its abundance of flavors. The attractiveness of Zyn is primarily due to its subtleness, assortment of flavors, and convenience. The objective of this research is to examine how social media marketing of Zyn pouches is influencing the increased use of this product among adolescents and young adults. This research will aim to answer how Zyn is being communicated on TikTok, what demographic is primarily depicted using or talking about Zyn on TikTok, and what kind of sentiment is being portrayed on TikTok about Zyn.
Current research studies examine nicotine pouch marketing primarily though radio televisions and print advertising. What they often lack is a source that all adolescents and young adults are consumed by: social media. Ranking third worldwide for the largest social media platforms with the greatest advertise reach, this research investigates TikTok’s Zyn marketing towards adolescents. The methodology for this research included coding for 112 TikToks to identify popular demographics, gender expression, flavors, sentiments, and dependence of Zyn. Our research shows that many of the individuals making the videos are white males, with a wide variety of branding, focusing mainly on wintergreen and spearmint flavors. Additionally, the videos contain a primarily positive sentiment, satire, and little talk about cessation, addiction, or dependence.
My research team and I developed a codebook to accurately define the coded terms when examining TikTok videos. Our preliminary review included conducting an initial review of a sample of TikTok videos related to Zyn, and identifying preliminary codes based on recurring themes, phrases, behaviors, and symbols. We defined the codes by assigning clear, operational definitions to each code to standardize interpretation. Lastly, we finalized the codebook and maintained a log of codebook revisions to document changes and ensure transparency. Following codebook development, all 112 videos were annotated by two trained coders. The full metadata was examined for all videos based off number of followers, likes, comments, shares, and common Zyn hashtags.
Zyn is a tobacco-free nicotine pouch that is put inside an individual’s upper lip, risking gum damage and oral cancer. Nicotine pouches can be highly addictive and pose cardiovascular problems, increasing blood pressure and heart rate. With its appealing qualities of discreteness and uniqueness being marketed through TikTok, young adults are getting attracted to Zyn products. Using this research, we can effectively show how the marketing of Zyn affects the young adult population. Our findings allow us to make informed public health recommendations to mitigate the risks associated with nicotine use among young people.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/hnrcsturpc25/1024/thumbnail.jp
Nests with Higher Thermal Variation Produce Fewer Fledglings with Larger Bills than Higher Temperature Nests
Get PDFWarmer temperatures and increased temperature variability are predicted in the future due to climate change. Phenotypic outcomes of avian nestlings are heavily impacted by nest temperature. We examined metabolic rates and growth of Eastern Bluebird nestlings subjected to increased mean temperature and increased temperature variability within the nest during development.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/hnrcsturpc25/1000/thumbnail.jp
Understanding the Impact of Language Barriers and Visit Duration on Caregiver Satisfaction in Pediatric Primary Care
Get PDFAbstract:
Problem. Children from households that speak languages other than English (LOE) face significant challenges in accessing healthcare, which can lead to poorer health outcomes and inadequate medical care (Flores et al., 2005). Language barriers contribute to these disparities, often resulting in diminished communication between healthcare providers and families (Ramirez et al., 2023). In pediatric primary care, visit duration—defined as the amount of time between when a patient is checked into and out of the clinic—may play a crucial role in facilitating effective communication and improving patient satisfaction (Tsiga et al., 2013). Physicians experience significant time pressure and productivity expectations, but shorter visits that enhance efficiency are associated with lower patient satisfaction (Tocher et al., 1999). While some studies suggest physician spend similar time with LOE and English-speaking patients (Tocher et al. 1999), other suggest longer visit duration in LOE appointments (Kravitz et al., 2000). But, interpreter-facilitated visits are likely to require twice as much time as language-congruent medical visits, since interpretation requires everything to be repeated at least once. This study explores how language barriers affect visit satisfaction in pediatric primary care and whether visit duration acts as a mediator. We hypothesize that caregivers of patients from LOE households will have comparable visit durations than those from English-preferring households; however, because they are likely to have received less information in that same period of time, we expect they will report less satisfaction with their visit.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/coesym25/1002/thumbnail.jp
The Games Kids Play: Determining Concussion Risk of Playground Sports A Review of NEISS Data (2013-2022)
Get PDFThis study aims to identify which playground games or recreational sports pose the highest risk for injury, specifically concussions, and highlights the importance of concussion prevention training for all school personnel to minimize potential health risks for children.https://scholarworks.uark.edu/coesym25/1000/thumbnail.jp
Understanding and Evaluating Multi-class Product Classification Methods for E-commerce
No full textIn e-commerce, enhancing Natural Language Processing (NLP) models\u27 understanding of search queries can significantly improve product relevance and overall user experience. Even with advancements in the search space, being able to accurately classify items for shopping queries remains challenging due to noisy data, ambiguous user intent, and the wide range of products available. This research aims to explore different strategies implementing and improving queryproduct classification. The methodology involves a comparative assessment of various model performances for multi-class product classification, data augmentation techniques for handling class-imbalances, and the design of the User Interface (UI) of a Human-In-The-Loop (HITL) Machine Learning (ML) system. The hope is that this approach will lead to enhancements in query-product matching, with direct implications for better search results and product recommendation
Molecular Insights: Advances in Single Molecule and Single Particle Detection for Analysis of Chemical, Physical, and Biological Phenomena
Get PDFThis thesis is focused on recent advancements made in the field of chemical imaging, optical microscopy, and recent developments that have improved spatial, temporal, or spectral resolution or have made certain techniques more accessible and cost effective for their wider adoption. This thesis is organized based on the systems of interest we studied with each new technique. Although, it is important to note that many of the methods here can be used with a multitude of systems even if not explicitly mentioned. The first chapter of this thesis will discuss the current state of chemical imaging, common terminology, and important first notes to assist the reader in more complex future chapters. Chapter7 two focuses on our recent advancements in spectroscopically enabled microscopy with singleparticle specificity with implications across many disciplines to study a variety of systems. Chapter three discusses advancements in five-dimensional single particle orientation and rotational tracking (SPORT) for two main purposes: monitoring of real-time biological processes and empirical single particle diffusion observed in accordance with the Stokes-Einstein relation. Chapter four will discuss bioinspired self-organizing lattices of various nanomaterials that have potential applications as highly sensitive detectors along with the analysis of these lattices by grazing incident small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) and x-ray reflectivity (XRR). Chapter five will focus on our advances in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) for superresolution imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with true color single molecule spectral in the analysis of biological nanostructures