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Into the Canebrakes: Arkansas and NAACP\u27s Campaign for a Federal Anti-Lynching Law
No full textRace relations worsened and violence driven by racism increased following World War I. As a result, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, or the NAACP, began to scout out cases they could employ in the fight to enshrine federal protections against racial terrorism that were exemplified in Arkansas\u27 1919 Elaine Massacre and the 1921 lynching of Henry Lowery
Divinity and Royalty in the Writings of Motoori Norinaga
No full textThis paper concerns the kokugaku movement as seen through the philosophy of Motoori Norinaga. Specifically, it looks at Norinaga’s view of the divine and its connection to his philosophy regarding Japanese royalty, the emperor, and the imperial line. It will examine the qualities of Norinaga’s thought that linked his philosophy of the divine with his views of the emperor, served to formulate his world view, and his idea of Japan’s place in the world
Testing a Culturally Grounded Training for Black and Latine Clinicians: Creating Communities in PCIT for Providers of Autistic Youth
No full textBlack and Latine families of autistic youth continue to face mental health disparities, some of which have been attributed to poor access to services, discrimination, and poor culturally responsive care. Black and Latine families call for more family-centered treatments that are in accordance with their values and culture with options for treatments to be delivered by clinicians with similar racial and ethnic backgrounds. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a widely known evidenced-based treatment (EBT) that has been used with Latine, Black, and neurodiverse children to improve the parent-child relationship and reduce challenging behaviors. Although considerable efforts have been made to disseminate PCIT to the wider community, fewer strides have been made to reach Black and Latine families in underserved communities. One method to bridge the service gap for Black and Latine families of autistic youth is to train Black and Latine clinicians who primarily serve Black and Latine communities. Black and Latine mental health providers are highly underrepresented in evidenced-based trainings, especially ones that target autistic populations. Further, minimal trainings have used culturally grounded techniques to emphasize the values and needs of Black and Latine individuals. The current study will utilize a qualitative design to examine the clinical and cultural impact of a pilot training for Black and Latine mental health providers on a culturally informed adaptation for PCIT with autistic youth, the Creating Communities PCIT initiative. The results of this study will have implications for future dissemination efforts of PCIT to culturally diverse providers and families
Erotic Dream and Governmental Nightmare: Use and Censorship of Pillow Books in Edo Culture and the Influence of the Floating World
No full textThe “floating world” of Yoshiwara 吉原, the pleasure district of Edo, capital city of Japan during the Edo period (1600–1868), was a fantasy itself, one that fired the imaginations of the many artists who took it as their subject. Like the licensed red-light district of the capital, which contained both theater and many brothels, the art of the “floating world” was often erotic in nature. This eroticism ranged from the subtly arousing to the pornographic. It is the latter, known as shunga 春画(translated literally as “spring pictures”, but commonly called pillow books in the west) which is especially intriguing. These pictures, which were both tightly restricted by the government and prolifically produced, which were used by the wealthy and the middle class alike, and which are tied closely to the erotic fantasy of the “floating world” can perhaps provide a lens for how sexuality was viewed in the “city of bachelors,” Edo
Enhancing Poultry Processing through Human Robot Collaboration: Addressing Human Factors for Successful Automation
No full textThe U.S. poultry processing industry faces persistent challenges stemming from labor shortages, demanding working conditions, and rising consumer demand. This research investigates the potential of Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) as a sustainable automation strategy to enhance worker safety, address labor deficits, and improve operational efficiency. The study adopts a human-centered approach to HRC integration, with a focus on the social and psychological dimensions of automation. Specifically, it explores the influence of demographic variables on technology acceptance, the impact of hands-on training on familiarity, trust, and perceived safety, and the regulatory landscape governing collaborative robotics in food environments. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected through literature review, expert interviews, and pre- and post-training surveys administered to students undergoing robotics training. The findings demonstrate that targeted training significantly improves participants’ familiarity with robots and reduces safety concerns, particularly in physical interaction contexts. However, participant recruitment presented notable limitations. Despite this, the study provides valuable insights into the role of training and perception in the adoption of collaborative robots. The research contributes practical implications for advancing HRC implementation in poultry processing and informs the broader discourse on human factors in industrial automation
Moral Worth and Motivational Demands
No full textIt has become a philosophical commonplace to distinguish actions that are merely right from actions that possess moral worth. To be right, an action needs only to accord with the demands of morality. To possess moral worth, an action needs not only to be right, but to be non-accidentally so. While this much is uncontroversial, what is involved in this sense of non-accidentality is a matter of ongoing debate. This thesis lies at the heart of that debate. Many parties to this debate agree that actions with moral worth must be properly motivated. Suppose someone speaks respectfully to a colleague only to serve their professional interests. Had their interests been served by doing something disrespectful, they would have gladly done so. Given their motives, it was only accidental that they did the right thing. Throughout this thesis, I focus on what sort of motives render actions relevantly non-accidental. After defining key terms in the introduction, I devote the second chapter duty-based views. According to these views, an action has moral worth if and only if the agent who performs it is motivated by the fact that it is right. This view enjoys an advantage regarding reliability: if I am motivated by rightness itself, this motive will never lead me to act wrongly. But this view makes moral worth too hard to come by for agents with imperfect moral understanding, and it leads us to deem praiseworthy some actions that do not reflect well on their performers. Thus, duty-based views are extensionally inadequate. Chapter three concerns feature-based views. On these views, an action has moral worth if and only if the agent is motivated by the feature(s) that make the action right. These views direct our attention toward morally important features and make moral worth obtainable for people who are mistaken about whether their actions are right. But without certain specifications, these views cannot secure the reliability an account of moral worth needs. Even well-placed concerns can come in the wrong degree, leading to wrongful actions. Therefore, some actions motivated by relevant right-making features are only accidentally right. In chapter four, I present my own care-based view: an action has moral worth if and only if the agent is motivated by an appropriate distribution of care among all their action’s morally relevant features, while being independently praiseworthy. This view inherits the best parts of other views. It ensures reliability by requiring motives to be appropriate in content and degree, and it still requires attention to what is morally important. It also makes moral worth obtainable for those with mistaken moral beliefs. Avoiding accidental rightness matters because we often care not only what people do, but what they would do in different situations. By centering what agents care about, my view classifies as morally worthy only those actions stemming from an appropriately deep commitment to what matters. This is no accident
Infiltrating the Black Box: Expanding the No-Impeachment Rule to Protect Defendants from Pervasive Juror Bias
Full text linkIn the United States, a criminal defendant is entitled to “a fair trial but not a perfect one, for there are no perfect trials.” However, defendants are also guaranteed the right to an impartial jury. While perfection within a jury is “an untenable goal,” a system that allows for juror bias during deliberations to go undetected threatens a defendant’s most crucial constitutional rights. Thus, when juror bias threatens to interfere with a defendant’s rights to a fair trial and impartial jury, there is a prevalent need for the judicial system to step in and mitigate the effects of juror bias. While there are pre-trial systems in place designed to protect against juror bias, there is a significant lack of protection for post-trial allegations of juror bias. Federal Rule of Evidence 606 (otherwise known as the no impeachment rule) limits investigation into the validity of a jury’s verdict by generally prohibiting jurors from testifying about statements or incidents occurring during deliberations. The rule offers limited exceptions, which permit juror testimony about extraneous prejudicial information improperly shown to the jury, improper outside influence, and mistakes made on the verdict form. However, these exceptions do not account for statements or incidents indicating explicit juror bias or prejudice that had an effect on the jury’s verdict. When the Supreme Court of the United States decided Pena-Rodriguez v. Colorado in 2017, it created an additional exception that allows courts to consider evidence of juror statements of racial animus made during deliberations that had an effect on the jury’s decision. This exception covers only race-based statements, leaving the possibility for other forms of juror bias to invade the jury room and leave defendants defenseless against violations of their constitutional rights to a fair trial and impartial jury. This article addresses the current state of the no-impeachment rule and emphasizes the disconnect between the purported policies behind the rule and its realities. It also recommends a cohesive test to be adopted by states to ensure the constitutional rights of criminal defendants are not undermined by the desire to maintain jury secrecy. Part II will outline the legislative history behind Federal Rule of Evidence 606(b) and how it has led to the current state of the no-impeachment rule. Part III will address the gaps in the current system and provide suggestions for states to address these issues. Specifically, this Part will highlight how the existing procedures for addressing juror bias are insufficient in light of the gravity of defendants’ rights that are at stake and acknowledge the judicial system’s history in addressing racial, gender, and sexual orientation bias in other areas of the court system. Further, this Part will argue that post-verdict inquiry for allegations of juror bias fits squarely within the current evidentiary practices of the court system and will propose a general framework and procedures for states in addressing allegations of juror bias