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The motivations and vulnerability of new Chinese immigrants in the Philippines: a human rights perspective.
No full textAfter the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of the Philippines and People’s Republic of China, a new wave of Chinese immigration has started. In the past three decades, the influx of these new Chinese immigrants has been felt in many of the shopping malls in the Binondo-Divisoria area. Given that the Philippines is a third world country, it has been a puzzle to many Filipinos why Chinese citizens from a developed China would choose to immigrate in the Philippines. Unfortunately, their presence in the Philippines has not been warmly welcomed by some and it has created problems not only to the Philippines but more importantly to themselves as well. New Chinese immigrants are prone to abuse and exploitation from corrupt government officials because of their engagement in the foreigner-forbidden small retail industry. The Philippines and China, being signatories of International Human Rights Conventions, however, have obligations to protect the new Chinese immigrants.
This study aims to find out not only the motivations of new Chinese immigrants to immigrate but also find out their vulnerability as foreigners in the Philippines. The author argues that new Chinese immigration is primarily motivated by better livelihood opportunities while various push and pull factors can also contribute. As for the vulnerability, the author argues that the foreigner status of new Chinese immigrants can be a source of vulnerability (powerlessness) in the Philippines and they become more vulnerable if they have irregular status—vulnerable or powerless to abuse and exploitation
Antioxidant Effect of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK decoction on the renal histopathology of trichloroethylene-exposed rats.
No full textThe deleterious health effects brought about by synthetic antioxidants added to food to increase the antioxidant intake of consumers and prevent oxidative stress led to the discovery of natural sources of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant effect of the decoction of Peperomia pellucida on kidneys of rats exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE). Oral administration of the decoction in dosages of 5, 10 & 15 mL/kg followed by histopathological analysis were done. Results showed that a 5 mL/kg dosage alleviates oxidative damage and prevents its progression but a 10 mL/kg dosage aggravates the damage while a dosage greater than this further intensifies it. These can be attributed to the dual property of flavonoids that may be present in the decoction (Procházková et al., 2011). At 5 mL/kg, flavonoids function as antioxidants that scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by TCE while at 10 mL/kg and 15 mL/kg, they function as prooxidants that increase the amount of ROS, consequently worsening oxidative damage. However, statistical analysis showed that the treatment groups given 5 mL/kg and 10 mL/kg are not significantly different from the negative control group. Thus, the most effective concentration of the P. pellucida decoction is less than 10 mL/kg but not lower than 5 mL/kg
The Filipina cougar: a phenomenological study of older female-younger male relationships.
No full textThe phenomenon of older women-younger men relationships is starting to become more prominent in the media both internationally and in the Philippines but there has been no formal studies regarding this type of relationship. Hence, the study aimed to explore the different dimensions of the life and experiences of a Filipina Cougar and to her perspectives toward her relationship, partner and self.
Data was collected through in-depth interviews with five Filipina women aged between 35-45 years old with long time partners who are aged at least seven years younger than the women. The respondent must be committed to her partner for at least six months and must be residing within Metro Manila. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used as the research design. This was applied through categorizing direct statements from the respondents. Meanings or themes were determined by interpreted data or clusters.
Results show that Cougars are often hesitant to enter the relationship and have no perceived stable future if there are no children with the younger partner. Previously unsuccessful relationships or dissatisfaction with one’s self or life-experience are seen as motivations of Cougars to enter older women-younger men relationships. It was also shown that most myths or portrayals of the Cougar in the media are either untrue or exaggerated. Prejudice and double standards for this type of relationship still prevails with most respondents receiving negative responses from families and friends, both from their side and their partners’. Further investigations about the subject, particularly the younger male partner involved was recommended
Commodification of health: a critical analysis of the creeping privatization of the Philippine General Hospital.
No full textThe right to the highest attainable standard of health has long been recognized and established as a fundamental human right. It is ultimately the state’s responsibility to ensure that this right is respected, protected, promoted and fulfilled. However, in an age of neoliberal globalization, health is increasingly treated not as a basic human right, but as a commodity to be profited from. In line with the government’s privatization thrust, health has been drastically reduced into a tradable product while delivering medical care has been transformed into a huge business. The country’s public health care system is under serious attack—not only by profit-oriented enterprises, but the government itself. Amidst the country’s worsening health situation, with millions of Filipinos suffering and dying from largely preventable and curable diseases, state appropriations for health and public hospitals continue to decline. Accordingly, resource generation and cost-cutting have become the major focus of cash-strapped government hospitals, including the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). Such measures lay a heavier burden on low-income families—perpetuating the grave inequalities between the few rich and the many poor
End-of-life decision-making of relatives and physicians towards Filipino patients in a persistent vegetative state: a grounded theory
No full textThis study utilized a grounded theory approach to arrive at a substantial level theory of the process of decision-making for Filipino patients in a persistent vegetative state. The main participants of this study derived through purposive snowball and theoretical sampling were 10 relatives and 14 physicians of Filipino patients in a persistent vegetative state. The field sites of this study had been the Department of Neurosciences, the Supportive Palliative and Hospice Care Clinic and Ward 1 of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH).
Line-by-line analysis as well as open, axial and selective coding of semi-structured interview transcripts revealed six major themes in the decision-making process of relatives namely: (1) Period of the Precipitating Event; (2) Period of Denial and Shock; (3) Factors Considered in Decision-Making; (4) Decisions Made; (5) Period of Desensitization, Anger, Waiting and =Acceptance‘; and (6) Sustained Processes. Five themes were identified in the decision-making process of physicians: (1) Preparing the Self; (2) Communicating the Diagnosis; (3) Presenting Options; (4) After Presenting Options; and (5) Sustained Processes.
Factors found to influence relatives in decision making included their (1) socioeconomic capacity; (2) their relationship with the patient; (3) their personal, religious and familial values; (4) physicians‘ implicit and explicit suggestions; (5) avoidance of guilt and blame for the death of their patient and "hiya" or fear of being socially-ostracized; (6) Prognosis, benefit and comfort of the patient; (7) family‘s perceived signs of improvement of the patient and (8) the patient‘s physical presence. Factors found to guide physicians in deciding what options to present to relatives included: (1) prognosis of the patient and clinical judgment; (2) Appraisal of family‘s psychosocial, economic and religious background; (3) type of hospital environment; (4) Comparison with past patients; (5) Patient‘s age and Quality of Life; and (6) Physician‘s experiences, personal, moral and ethical principles.
This study found that in the context of the Philippines, relatives are regarded as the ultimate decision-makers for their patients however physicians exerted influence through implicit suggestions of withholding and withdrawing treatment especially when the patient‘s prognosis is poor. The process of meaning-making has been found as a source of hope for relatives. The issue of medical triage due to insufficient hospital resources in UP-PGH has also been examined. The findings of this research suggest that the core Philippine values of hiya, smooth interpersonal relationships (pakikisama), amor proprio and utang na loob underlied most processes in end-of-life decision making.
The study concludes that the concept of "euthanasia" for Filipino relatives means caring for their patients and letting go only until such time that they perceive that God and the patient himself has =decided‘ that it is time to rest, namely when their patient‘s heart stops during the period of waiting and =acceptance.‘ For physicians, "euthanasia" means continually caring for the patient but indirectly suggesting and doing withholding and withdrawing of life-sustaining treatments from the patient so that this will be beneficial not only for the patient himself but also for those whom he leaves behind - euthanasia as humane care
De-Prived: the current state of health centers in Manila and Quezon City in the midst of devolution and privatization.
No full textThe Local Government Code of 1991 pushed for the devolution of basic services from the national government to the hands of the local government units. Healthcare is one of those services, with the promise of the establishment of Primary Health Care from the original idea of the 1978 Alma Ata Conference. Its devolution would ensure a strengthened healthcare system that is available and affordable for all. Community participation in healthcare management is also encouraged, since the empowerment of the community is integral for the success of devolution of health.
Twenty years passed, the devolution of health revealed many problems that include issues in health financing, and inequity. With the devolution, the national government has forgotten its role in the improvement of the health sector, with the current administration calling for the aid of foreign and private investors through Private-Public Partnership. The strengthening of the National Health Insurance Policy through PhilHealth is also criticized as it brought additional burden to the people in shouldering the costs of healthcare. As corporatization and privatization loom, so does the opportunity for the further inequity of health.
De-Prived—this is the situation of the health sector in the country, with both Devolution and Privatization contributing significantly for the health inequity in the country
To have a life outside of work: an exploratory study of communication and work-life balance policies and programs in selected service (BPO) and manufacturing organizations.
No full textThis study explores how Work-Life Balance (WLB) policies and programs are communicated in selected service (BPO) and manufacturing organizations. It specifically explores 1) the practices in communicating WLB initiatives and 2) the media choice of managers, and 3) identifies how WLB initiatives are talked about in the selected organizations through key-informant interviews with five subordinates and their immediate supervisors. E-mail was identified as the most commonly used medium in communicating WLB initiatives in the selected organizations Furthermore, face-to-face communication as a choice of medium among supervisors in communicating WLB initiatives indicates a personalized approach as it is used to monitor the WLB needs of their subordinates. The use of the initiatives are also encouraged through the interaction among employees through the emerging patterns on talks about health and well-being, family, social and spiritual balance, and work
A Creative campus as defined by the Association of Cultural Office in Philippine Educational Institutions (ACOPEI)
No full textThe idea of a creative campus, as conceptualized by Tepper, refers to a campus which allows students to experience creativity and to sharpen the skills needed in today’s knowledge-based economy, where the value of new ideas and new relationships grows daily. The aim of this thesis is to know what a creative campus environment is as defined by the Association of Cultural Offices in Philippine Educational Institutions, and how is its presence/acceptance by members of the organization proven by the programs and activities of the member institutions of the association. The objectives of this study are (1) to state ACOPEI’s vision, mission and organizational objectives, (2) to look into the membership of the Board of Directors of ACOPEI, (3) to enumerate ACOPEI’s programs and activities, (4) to determine how a creative campus, as defined by the ACOPEI Board Members, is embodied in the programs and activities of the universities which are part of ACOPEI, and (5) to state the definition of a creative campus meant by the ACOPEI. In order to do this, the researcher referred to online books and journal articles regarding the concept of a creative campus and conducted both face-to-face and e-mail informational interviews with the members of the ACOPEI Board to learn how a creative campus is embodied in their respective educational institutions. The research will focus on the national organization ACOPEI, its founding members and their respective educational institutions, and the first element of a creative campus stated by Tepper which is allowing students to experience reativity. Based on the findings, there are three creative campus indicators common in the founding member institutions. These are (1) the presence of an office which manages culture and the arts, (2) the cultural organizations which are managed by the cultural office, and (3) the different high-level cultural and artistic performances and activities that integrate Philippine culture in the campus. Upon analyzing the roles of these indicators, a creative campus as defined by ACOPEI is a campus which fosters creativity and builds the identity and shows the ingenuity of a Filipino by valuing Philippine culture and the arts
Correlation between communication satisfaction and organizational commitment among the theater crew of the Cultural Center of the Philippines.
No full textCommunication in organizations became one of the most interesting organizational phenomena because of its multi-dimensional nature. It is comprised of the following dimensions: communication climate, organizational integration, organizational perspective, media quality, supervisory communication, subordinate communication, horizontal communication, and personal feedback. These dimensions have been related to pro-organizational outcomes, and thus, play a vital role in determining organizational effectiveness.
Commitment is another variable essential in any organization. It creates positive employee behavior, contributes to high performance at work, and enables employees to exert beyond what is expected of them. Allen and Meyer (1997) identified the three components of commitment as: affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. The significant contributions of both communication satisfaction and organizational commitment became the foundation of this study; which aimed to determine how the dimensions of communication satisfaction correlate with the components of organizational commitment among the theater crew of the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP).
This descriptive research used quantitative methods in analyzing data. A twopart survey questionnaire was administered among the 34 theater crew of CCP. The items in the first part of the survey questionnaire focused on communication satisfaction dimensions, using Downs and Hazen’s (1977) Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ). The second part, on the other hand, concentrated on organizational commitment components using the Organizational Commitment Scale revised by Meyer et al. (1993). Due to the theater crew’s small population, nonparametric statistics was utilized: median scoring was applied to get a more robust result and the Spearman’s Rho correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between variables. All the statistical tests administered are with the help of a statistician.
Results showed that the theater crew members were satisfied with Communication Climate, Organizational Perspective, Media Quality, and Supervisory Communication. They were, however, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with Organizational Integration, Horizontal Communication, and Personal Feedback. The Affective Commitment of the theater crew, on the other hand, was found to be at an average level and was the lowest among the three components; while Continuance Commitment and Normative Commitment were both measured at a high level. Generally, the Organizational Commitment, based on the overall median score, was “4”, which reflected a high level of organizational commitment among the theater crew.
Moreover, the six dimensions of communication satisfaction, excluding Personal Feedback, had a moderate degree of correlation with Affective Commitment. Communication Climate and Horizontal Communication, on the other hand, were the only dimensions which had a moderate degree of correlation with Continuance Commitment. While, Communication Climate, Organizational Integration, Supervisory Communication and Horizontal Communication had a moderate degree of correlation with Normative Commitment
