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Supply costs of biogenic residues: Development of a regionalized supply cost model for Germany
No full textThe potential for greenhouse abatement and the corresponding costs in the German chemicals sector
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Optimal implementation of genomic selection in clone breeding programs exemplified in potato: II. Effect of selection strategy and cross‐selection method on long‐term genetic gain
Full text linkDifferent cross-selection (CS) methods incorporating genomic selection (GS) have been used in diploid species to improve long-term genetic gain and preserve diversity. However, their application to heterozygous and autotetraploid crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is lacking so far. The objectives of our study were to (i) assess the effects of different CS methods and the incorporation of GS and genetic variability monitoring on both short- and long-term genetic gains compared to strategies using phenotypic selection (PS); (ii) evaluate the changes in genetic variability and the efficiency of converting diversity into genetic gain across different CS methods; and (iii) investigate the interaction effects between different genetic architectures and CS methods on long-term genetic gain. In our simulation results, implementing GS with optimal selected proportions had increased short- and long-term genetic gain compared to any PS strategy. The CS method considering additive and dominance effects to predict progeny mean based on simulated progenies (MEGV-O) achieved the highest long-term genetic gain among the assessed mean-based CS methods. Compared to MEGV-O and usefulness criteria (UC), the linear combination of UC and genome-wide diversity (called EUCD) maintained the same level of genetic gain but resulted in higher diversity and a lower number of fixed QTLs. Moreover, EUCD had a relatively high degree of efficiency in converting diversity into genetic gain. However, choosing the most appropriate weight to account for diversity in EUCD depends on the genetic architecture of the target trait and the breeder’s objectives. Our results provide breeders with concrete methods to improve their potato breeding programs
Glycerin in Slush-Ice-Getränken kann unerwünschte gesundheitliche Wirkungen hervorrufen: Stellungnahme Nr. 004/2025 des BfR vom 18. Februar 2025
No full textExogenous plasmid capture to characterize tetracycline-resistance plasmids in sprouts obtained from retail in Germany
Full text linkA preliminary survey on the presence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in fishery products sold in Italy: An initial step towards the proper assessment of an emerging EU risk
No full textCiguatera poisoning is a food-borne disease related to the consumption of finfish from areas endemic for ciguatoxins (CTXs). Mislabeling of fishery products can enhance consumer’s exposure to this hazard by hiding the presence of CTXs vector species. In this study, we identified the main CTXs vector fish families (CVF) and the FAO areas at CTXs risk. Market products from CVF and sourced from CTXs risk areas were collected in Italy, molecularly authenticated to detect potential mislabeling cases, and then analysed for CTXs using a two-tier detection method (cell-based assay and mass spectrometry). Additionally, the official lists of seafood trade names (OL) from EU countries associated with ciguatera poisoning (CP) outbreaks linked to imported products were evaluated to assess a possible correlation between market species and CP risk. The Italian OL was also included. A total of 24 CVF and four FAO areas were selected. Overall, 51 market products were collected. The availability of CVF products from FAO areas at CTXs risk was limited in the Italian market. Molecular authen- tication revealed 16 cases of mislabeling (31.4%) in products from Sparidae, Lethrinidae and Epinephelidae. All samples analysed tested negative for CTXs. The OL analysis highlighted that a revision to improve correspondence between trade names and species would be beneficial also in the light of a proper risk assessment. Although no CP outbreaks have been reported in Italy by far, and no CTXs were detected in this study, the implementation of targeted programs to prevent and manage CP risk should be considered. This is particularly important because i) mislabeling remains prevalent in products imported to Italy, and ii) future indigenous outbreaks due to climate changes should be anticipate
Biological Processes Underlying Genetic Adaptation of Larches to Cold and Dry Winter Conditions in Eastern Siberia
Full text linkThe boreal forests of central and eastern Siberia, dominated by larches, are challenged by increasingly harsher continental conditions and more frequent droughts. Despite the crucial ecosystem services provided by these Siberian boreal forests, the major stressors driving the selective factors as well as the genetic adaptation mechanisms of larches are still unknown. Here we present a landscape genomics study on 243 individuals of the dominant larch tree species, Larix gmelinii and L. cajanderi. We assessed genotype-environment associations (GEAs) between genetic variation of individual markers based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data and bioclimatic variables recorded at the sampling locations. We find that the cold and dry winter conditions of eastern Siberia are likely the main selective factor driving the genetic adaptation of larches. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified metabolic, transmembrane transport, and homeostatic, as well as developmental processes among the main biological processes underlying genetic adaptation driven by cold and dry winter conditions
Engagement junger Menschen in ländlichen Räumen: Chancen und Herausforderungen für Vereine
No full textDer folgende Aufsatz entstand im Forschungsprojekt „Jung im Verein und engagiert – Engagementkulturen junger Menschen in ländlichen Räumen und die Rolle von Vereinen“, das vom Thünen-Institut für Lebensverhältnisse in ländlichen Räumen von Mai 2021 bis Juli 2024 durchgeführt wurde
Die Fleischwirtschaft: Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung
No full textDie Fleischwirtschaft sieht sich in Deutschland, aber auch EU-weit vor große Herausforderungen gestellt. In der EU wurden 2023 circa 12% weniger Schweine geschlachtet als noch zwei Jahre zuvor. Die Rinderschlachtungen nahmen um 5% ab. Für das Jahr 2024 werden erneut deutlich rückläufige Schlachtungen bei beiden Tierarten erwartet. Auch in Deutschland ist das Schlachttierangebot rückläufig. Aufgrund der Inflation schlagen sich diese Entwicklungen nur abgeschwächt im Verlauf der Umsätze nieder. Im Jahr 2024 wird der Auslandumsatz voraussichtlich um 3% steigen, sodass die Exportquote bei gut 15% stagniert