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Growth, Yield and Nutrient Performance of Salinity Tolerant Sunflower (cv. BARI Surjomukhi 2) Cultivar on Soils with different Salinity Levels
No full textSalinity indeed is a great barrier for crop production. An experiment was carried growth, yield and nutrient performance of a salinity tolerant sunflower cultivar on soils with different salinity levels. Salinity's impact on seed germination and vigour exponent were studied. Pot experiment was done with sunflower on different salinity levels (0.55; 2.80; 3.55; 5.05; 6.95; 8.35; and 11.25 dSm-1) were created by using NaCl following CRD with 3 replications. Diverse agronomic parameters and chemical parameters were analyzed. The highest plant height (146.0±3.2 cm) was observed at 0.55 dSm-1 and the lowest (80.3±4.8 cm) was observed in 11.25 dSm-1. The greatest amount of seeds pot-1(300.0 ± 4.619) was observed in 3.55 dSm-1 and least number of seeds pot-1 (170.0 ± 2.887) was recorded in 11.25 dSm-1. The most seed yield (19.80 ± 0.1299 t ha-1) was recorded in 3.55 dSm-1 and the least (6.3 ± 0.1299 t ha-1) in 11.25 dSm-1 soil salinity level. The superior K content in shoot (2.540 ± 0.02309%) was observed in 0.55 dSm-1 and the inferior K contents (1.190± 0.005774%) was recorded in 11.25 dSm-1. The maximum Na contents (2.960 ± 0.03464 %) was observed in 11.25 dSm-1 and the minimum Na contents (0.5800 ± 0.01155%) was observed in 0.55 dSm-1 soil salinity level. The effects of salinity on all agronomic parameters were significant. All the chemical parameters show statistically significant on different salinity levels. The seed yield of sunflower growing on different salinity levels can be produced considerable seed yield up to 8.35 dSm-1
Infectivity and molecular epidemiology of Peste des Petits ruminants virus in slaughtered goats at the local meat market of Mymensingh division, Bangladesh
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the circulating Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV) from slaughtered goats and conduct a phylogenetic analysis of the N gene of PPRV. Materials and Methods: A total of 196 slaughtered goats were investigated at the marketplaces of Mymensingh division from January 2019 to March 2021. Lungs, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected for histology and molecular study. In-house developed Reverse-Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) protocols were carried out using designed primer sets (PPRV NF-gctctgtgattgcggctgagc and PPRV NR-cctggtcctccagaatcttggcc). The CLC sequence viewer was used for phylogenetic analysis. Results: Grossly pneumonic lungs, shrinkage spleen, and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes with hemorrhages were recorded. Both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in lymphocytes of the mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and lungs. PPRV was detected in 37 goats (18.9%) by RT-PCR test. The 402-bp amplicon was generated in PPRV-positive cases. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the studied PPRV isolates of the Mymensingh division belonged to lineage IV. Conclusion: The prevalence of PPR was 18.9% in slaughtered goats at marketplaces in the Mymensingh division. Slaughterhouses may be a source of PPRV, and it can be horizontally transmitted from the meat market to the farm. Restricting sick animal movement within the country, mass PPR vaccination campaigns, increased awareness, and improved biosecurity in the meat market may lessen the incidence of PPR in goats
Influence of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Application on Aromatic Rice Under Shading and Drought Stress Conditions: Effects on Crop Yield, Grain Quality, and 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis
No full textEnhancing aroma retention is pivotal for the production and exportation of aromatic rice in Bangladesh. In this study, a 2-year pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) application on aromatic rice under shading and drought stress conditions. The rice variety, BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) dhan80 was used as the planting material to investigate with the following eight treatments: (T1) no GABA, shading, or drought stress treatment; (T2) GABA application at 250 mg/L during panicle initiation; (T3) shading at the grain filling stage; (T4) drought stress at the grain filling stage; (T5) shading and drought stress at the grain filling stage; (T6) GABA application at 250 mg/L at panicle initiation and shading at the grain filling stage; (T7) GABA application at 250 mg/L at panicle initiation and drought stress at the grain filling stage; and (T8) GABA application at 250 mg/L at panicle initiation as well as shading and drought stress at the grain filling stage. A randomized complete block design was followed, with treatments replicated five times. Results revealed GABA application along with shading and drought stress significantly influenced most studied traits. Notably, 250 mg/L GABA application at panicle initiation, alongside shading and drought stress at the grain filling stage, resulted in favorable outcomes for the brown rice yield, head rice recovery, amylose and protein content, grain 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content, grain aroma, and taste of BRRI dhan80 rice compared with the control group (T1). However, the control treatment exhibited the highest grain yield compared with the other treatments. Overall, GABA application combined with shading and drought stress markedly improved grain quality and aroma of BRRI dhan80 but affected grain yield in an inverse manner.Open access funding provided by Kagoshima University. Open access funding provided by Kagoshima University. The study was supported by Japan society for the promotion of science (JSPS) providing Ronpaku Ph.D. fellowship (Grant Number: 12204)
Microplastics contamination through a mighty estuarine island: Distribution, influencing factors, and risk assessment
No full textThe global concern over microplastic (MP) contamination in diverse ecosystems is well-established, yet Nijhum Dwip Island (NDI), known for its ecological diversity, has not undergone a comprehensive study addressing the extent of MP pollution. This research aims to evaluate the spatial distribution, influencing factors, and ecological risks of MPs in both sediment and surface water surrounding NDI, situated in the Northern Bay of Bengal. A meticulous collection of 40 sediment and 40 tidal water samples from various sites facilitated a detailed analysis. The mean abundance of MPs in sediment was 138.39 ± 34.15 pieces/kg, while in water, it was 72.83 ± 30.76 pieces/m³. Various shapes observed on NDI included films, fragments, fibers, and foams, with fragments dominating in sediment (64.05 %) and water (61.51 %). Analysis of FTIR spectra identified two primary polymer types, namely polyethylene (PE) at 57 % and polypropylene (PP) at 40 %. The results indicated elevated pollution levels on NDI, with sediment and water pollution load index measuring 1.32 and 2.01, respectively, signifying significant MP contamination in both compartments. Given the island's rare biodiversity, the vicinity of wastewater sewages, anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric deposition, could be behind MP contamination in water and sediments. No strong correlation between MP and physiochemical properties in water and PCA biplots showed their similar distribution, whereas MP abundances in sediment were significantly correlated with pH and organic matter (p<0.05), signifying a pivotal role in transporting MPs in the aquatic environment. Two canonical variables were identified as important by canonical correlation analysis, demonstrating the interdependence of MP contamination at the sample sites. This research contributes to better insights into the occurrence of MP in the rare islands, which are ecosystems that have been hardly examined for this type of pollution, and it can report sustainable interventions to lessen MP inputs to the Bay of Bengal
Optimizing growth, yield, and nutritional quality of Chinese cabbage through vermicompost and reduced fertilizer application in organic farming systems
No full textChinese cabbage, though less prominent in Bangladesh, has shown potential for successful cultivation in theregion. This study aimed to assess various cultivars’ efficacy on Chinese cabbage growth, yield, and qualitywithin an organic farming system. A field experiment employed a for two consecutive years, investigating thecombined impact of cultivar and vermicompost with reduced fertilizer levels on yield. Three cultivars viz., BARIChinakopi 1, Blues, and Retasi, were tested along with four fertilizer levels namely, recommended NPK (control);80% NPK + vermicompost 6 t/ha; 70% NPK + vermicompost 8 t/ha; and 50% NPK + vermicompost 10 t/ha.Results demonstrated that cv. Blues, treated with 50% NPK + 10 t/ha of vermicompost, exhibited significantenhancements in various parameters compared to the control group. Notably, the treated var. Blues showcasedincreased plant height (43%), head diameter (46.3%), dry matter (71.2%), and gross yield (72.2%) at harvest.Moreover, var. Blues treated with vermicompost at 10 t/ha displayed elevated levels of vitamin C (28%),β-carotene (96.3%), Ca (7.1%), Mg (18.4%), P (5%), K (10.5%), Fe (13.1%), and Zn (21%) compared tocontrol. These findings suggest that utilizing 50% NPK + vermicompost at 10 t/ha significantly enhances Chinesecabbage growth and quality, particularly in cv. Blues. Incorporating this treatment method could effectivelyelevate both production yield and crop quality, providing valuable insights for organic farming practices
Effect of Industrial Soil Contamination and Fertilizer Management on Growth, Yield and Metal Uptake by BARI Tomato 8
No full textThe concern about industrial pollution and food safety is growing due to crop contamination and a major route to human exposure. The experiment was completed at a net house of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during November 2021 to April 2022 to find out the effect of industrial soil pollution and fertiliser management on growth, yield and metal accumulation by BARI Tomato 8.
Industrially polluted soils were collected from contaminated areas considering the soil pollution
intensity. The physico-chemical properties were determined in soils. The experiment consists of twofactor,
as Factor A: Six different soils (S
0
: Non-polluted soil; S
1
: Polluted soil-1, S
2
: Polluted soil-2; S
3
:
Polluted soil-3, S
4
: Polluted soil-4 and S
5
: Polluted soil-5) and Factor B: Three fertilizer treatments (T
0
:
Control; T
1
: 100% soil test basis dose of fertilizer; T
2
: 50% soil test basis dose of fertilizer and 50%
nutrient from cowdung). High yielding tomato variety BARI Tomato 8 was used for experiment.
Among the soils, the highest tomato yield was found in S
1
and S
5
polluted soils, while the lowest was
obtained in S
4
and S
0
soils. The highest tomato yield was recorded in T
2
treatment and the lowest in
T
0
treatment. The highest tomato fruit dry matter, Pb (1.359 mg kg
-1
) and Cd (0.759 mg kg
)
concentrations were found in T
0
treatment and the lower levels were obtained in T
1
(100% RDCF)
and T
2
(100% RDCF + 50% nutrient from cowdung) treatments. The higher tomato Pb and Cd
concentrations were recorded in polluted soils with T
0
and T
1
treatments and the lower with T
2
. The
highest tomato Pb concentration (1.656 mg kg
-1
) was obtained in S
4
T
1
and the lowest (0.501 mg kg
)
in S
3
T
2
. The highest tomato Cd concentration (1.149 mg kg
-1
) was obtained in S
5
T
0
and the lowest
(0.097 mg kg
-1
) in S
2
T
2
treatment combinations.
-1
-
Residue behavior of imidacloprid FS formulation in peanut cultivation system in china and its dietary and ecological risk assessment
No full textImidacloprid, a key neonicotinoid insecticide for pest control, is widely used in various crops, including peanuts. This study aimed to fill research gaps by analysing the residue behaviour of imidacloprid in peanut
fields treated with flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS) formulations while assessing potential risks to
human health and ecosystems. A validated analytical method, using QuEChERS separation and UPLC-MS/MS
detection, reliably quantified imidacloprid residues in peanuts and soil. Imidacloprid degradation followed a firstorder kinetic model, with half-lives ranging from 21.0 to 46.2 days in plants and 10.3–30.1 days in soil. Residues
in peanut kernels were below 0.05 mg/kg, and the maximum soil residue was 0.370 mg/kg. Dietary risk assessment indicated no health risks to adult consumers. However, ecological risk assessment predicted low to moderate earthworm toxicity and a medium risk from ecotoxicity exposure. These findings highlight the importance of
adhering to recommended imidacloprid FS seed treatment dosages to minimise adverse effects on non-target soil
organisms.The study received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSF 32261133527) and the Research Council of Norway (CHN-2152, 22/0013
Effect of Sowing Date and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and YieldAttributes of Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Grown at AEZ-9 of Bangladesh
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from November 2019 to March 2020 to assess the combined effects of sowing date and plant growthregulators (PGRs) on thegrowth and yield of wheat cv BARI Gom-33. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications, with sowing dates in the main plots and PGRs in the sub-plots, totaling 36 plots (12 treatments × 3 replications). Results of the study revealed that sowing on 5thDecember with Gibberellic Acid (GA3) application increased grain yield by 25.62% over the control. This sowing date also produced 7.59% and 12.83% higher yields than early and late sowing dates, respectively. The results suggest that sowing on 5thDecember combined with GA3application effectively optimizes wheat growth and yield, providing a promising approach for enhancing wheat production and supporting sustainable agriculture
Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal anthocyanin biosynthesis in red and green mango pericarps under light and shade conditions
No full textAnthocyanin is a natural plant pigment whose biosynthesis is intricately linked to light regulation. Here, pericarps of red mango cultivars named 'Xinshiji (XSJ)' and 'Hongmang No.6 (HM6)' directly exposed to sunlight were red while they were green under shade conditions, whereas the pericarps of green mango cultivar known as 'Guiqi (GQ)' maintained green within both light and shade conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying these color changes under different light conditions remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we analyzed the contents, components, and biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the above mango pericarps through metabolome and transcriptome analyses. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis releaved a total of 35 anthocyanin compounds were detected in the mango pericarps. Transcriptome analysis uncovered 44 differentially expressed genes among the comparison of 'XSJ', 'HM6', and 'GQ' samples. Twelve and eight candidate genes were identified in the anthocyanin biosynthesis and chlorophyll breakdown pathways, respectively. A co-expression network of the key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes revealed that twelve transcription factors may govern anthocyanin biosynthesis and chlorophyll breakdown processes under light. These candidate genes were further verified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for providing a regulatory model for the formation of red-and green-pericarps in mangoes under light and shade conditions. These results deepen our understanding of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruits
Effect of essential oils as vitamin C preservatives and chia seed (Salvia hispanica) in the fortification of pineapple jam
No full textThe present investigation “Effect of essential oils and chia seed (Salvia hispanica) in fortification of
pineapple jam.” was conducted during the year 2022–2023 at the Post harvest laboratory of
Horticulture Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. The study investigated
the effects of essential oil and chia seeds on the quality of pineapple jam. In this research,
pineapple jam samples were prepared with varying essential oil such as Cinnamon essential oil
and Lemongrass essential oil at range of 1000 ppm. The addition of essential oil significantly
impacted the flavour profile of the jam, enhancing the fruity notes and providing a pleasant
aroma in sustainable and eco-friendly way. Moreover, it exhibited antimicrobial properties,
extending the shelf life of the jam. Chia seeds were incorporated into the jam at different levels
(6.25 %, 12.5 %, 25 % and 50 %) to assess their influence on texture and nutritional content. The
results indicated that chia seeds contributed to a thicker consistency and increased protein
content, making the jam a potential source of dietary protein. The maximum pH was found to be
4.90 from treatment (C
4
E
= 50 % chia and no Essential oil). The lowest pH was recorded at 3.63
for C
o
E
2
0
= No chia seed and 1000 ppm Lemongrass Essential oil). The investigation shows that
lemongrass essential oil (E
) showed the best result in vitamin C retention. In case of chia seed 50
% (C
4
2
) treatment showed the best protein content. Additionally, the seeds added a subtle crunch
and nutty undertone to the product. From the research it can be concluded that the treatment
(C
4
E
= 50 % chia seed and 1000 ppm Lemongrass Essential oil) showed the best result in case of
vitamin C retention and protein incorporation. But considering spread ability and appearance
(C
3
E
2
= 25 % chia seed and 1000 ppm Lemongrass Essential oil) can be considered as best
treatment for consumers. This research is motivated by the need to develop healthier, nutrient-
dense pineapple jam using natural preservatives and fortifying agents. By exploring the combined
effects of essential oils and chia seeds in preserving vitamin C and improving the jam’s
overall nutritional value, this study aims to meet the increasing demand for functional foods that
prioritize both health and taste. The outcomes could offer valuable insights into natural preservation
techniques and fortification strategies, potentially contributing to more sustainable and
consumer-friendly food products in the market