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EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS (B, Zn & Mn) ON INCIDENCE, DAMAGE SEVERITY OF SUCKING INSECT PESTS OF SUNFLOWER AND THEIR IMPACT ON YIELD, QUALITY SEED PRODUCTION AND BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS
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Submitted to the Institute of Seed Technology,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
In Partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
SEED TECHNOLOGYAn experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from October, 2021 to March 2022 to evaluate
the effect of micronutrients on incidence, damage severity of insect pests of sunflower and its
impact on yield and beneficial arthropods. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete
Block Design replicated with three times. For this study, T
ii
1
= Boron @ 8.0 kg/ ha + ZnSO
@ 9.6
kg/ ha; T
2
= Spraying 0.2% Borax @ 2g/L of water; T
3
= Spraying 0.2% ZnSO
@ 2g/L of water;
T
4
= Spraying 0.5% Borax @ 2g/L of water; T
5
4
= Spraying 0.2% Borax and 0.2% ZnSO
@ 2g/L
of water; T
6
= Spraying 0.5% ZnSO
4
@ 2g/L of water; T
7
= MnSO
4
@ 9 kg/ ha; T
= No
micronutrient (control). The maximum plant height (180.2 cm), leaf area (65.44 cm
), capitulum
diameter (12.04 cm), diameter of flower with petal (22.33 cm), number of petal (45.34), number
of calex (59.33), number of seed per head (1015), weight of seeds per head (85.26 g), weight of
total seed per plot (2.56 kg), weight of single seed (0.084 g), yield (2.92 t/ha), oil content (46.54
%), protein content (22.38 %), seed vigourity (78.52%) and seed viability (91.67%) were
observed from T
treatment. Again, the minimum number of whitefly per plant at reproductive
stage (9.67 whitefly), jassid per plant at vegetative stage (6.67 jassid), aphid per plant at ripening
stage (5.33 aphid), stink bug per plant (0.24 stink bug), number of infested leaves (2.89 leaves)
and percent leaf infestation (12.46 %) were also observed from T
5
treatment. In case of
beneficial arthropod, the maximum number of syrphid fly per plot (1.50 syrphid fly), honey bee
per plot (3.33 honey bee), lady bird beetle per plot (2.50 lady bird beetle) and ant per plot (1.67
ant per plot) were observed from T
5
treatment
ASSESSMENT OF SOME BIOPESTICIDES AGAINST INSECT PESTS OF CHICKPEA AND THE EFFECTS ON THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES
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Submitted to the Department of Entomology
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
ENTOMOLOGYA research work was operated during the rabi season, the November, 2021 to March, 2022 in the
experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, to
assess of some biopesticides against insect pests of chickpea and the effects on their natural
enemies. BARI chola-9 chickpea variety was selected as the test crop for this experiment. Eight
different treatments were considered and three times in a field setting that was comparable and
the experiment was set up using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).The treatments
are T
1
= Blue sticky trap +Bio-max M 1.2EC @ 1.0 ml/L of water at 7 (Seven) days interval; T
2
= Yellow sticky trap + Imitaf 20SL @ 1.0 ml /L of water at the 7 (Seven) days interval; T
3
=
Yellow sticky trap + Spinomax @ 2.0 ml/L of water at 7 (Seven) Days interval; T
4
= Field
sanitation + Bio Bt k @ 0.5gm/L at 7 (Seven) days interval; T
5
= Fytomax N @ 5ml/L of water
at 7 (Seven) days interval; T
6
= Field sanitation + pheromone trap @ 1 trap/plot at 30 (Thirty)
days interval; T
7
= Spraying HNPV@ 0.3gm/L of water at 7 (Seven) days interval; T
0
=
Untreated control. According to treatment performance, the lowest pest infestation was observed
in T
2
(7.57/ leaf/plant, 7.24/leaf/plant) and T
3
(3.44/10plants, 3.34/5m
2
) treatments against
sucking pests (aphid, whitefly) and lepidopteran pests (chickpea pod borer, tobacco caterpillar)
of chickpea respectively. T
2
and T
3
treatments were most effective against sucking and the
lepidopteran insect pests of chickpea. In natural enemies, the maximum number of lady bird
beetle and predatory spider (11.66/5m
2
and 8.00/ 5m
2
) was recorded from T
3
treatment. In
addition, the maximum reduction over control in case of plant and pod infestation were found in
T
3
treatment (64.52% and 84.68% respectively) whereas the minimum reduction were (17.48%
and 25.42% respectively) in T
5
Treatment. In term of yield of chickpea, the maximum yield
(2.35 t/ha) was recorded from T
3
treatment and followed by T
1
(2.19 t/ha) treatment. So, it can be
summarised that treatment T
3
(Yellow sticky trap + Spinomax @ 2.0ml/L of water at 7 (Seven)
days interval) was more successful than the other treatments and T
1
came after it
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) RACE(S)/ PHYLLOTYPE CAUSING BROWN ROT OF POTATO
Get PDFAbstract
Prevalence of significant pathogen R. solanacearum causing a potential disease
brown rot of potato studied in the major potato growing districts of Bangladesh viz.
Munshiganj, Chandpur, Tangail, Narayanganj, Jamalpur, Domar, Patuakhali,
Rangpur, Bogra, Shariatpur, Meherpur, Joypurhat and Dinajpur. A total of 133
samples were used for isolation on Kelman's (1954) TZC agar medium, these
strains yielded typical virulent type colonies, which were cream coloured, irregularly
shaped, highly fluidal with pink pigmentation in the centre. Out of tested
isolates, 125 (ie.94%) found positive for presence of R. solanacearum. Among the
isolates, thirty nine isolates were tested for race, biovar and phylotype study based on
a preliminary hypersensitive reaction test. Race and biovar of the test pathogens were
determined following standard procedure described by EPPO, 2004; & Kumar,
2017et al; and Goszczynska, et al. 2000; & IPDN, 2014. It was observed that all
thirty nine tested isolates expressed as race 3 while in bovar test thirty seven showed
as biovar III except two showed biovar I. Total genomic DNA of all the strains
was extracted and subjected to PCR amplification using the R. sofanacearum
specific universal primer pair 759/760. DNA-based methods have provided
powerful tools to identify and detect microorganisms with high sensitivity and
specificity. PCR assay amplifies the DNA of bacterial pathogens, targeting the
species-specific sequences in their genome. In the present study an efficient DNA
isolation protocol and PCR based detection of bacterial wilt pathogen in soil, seed
and infected plant materials has been used. The specific primers 759f/760r was
successfully used to detect Ralstonia solanacearum from different sources and
predicted 280-bp DNA fragment was obtained. In conclusion, the PCR-based
detection method using R. solanacearum specific primer offers a rapid and sensitive
method for unambiguous detection of this pathogen in soil, seed and infected potato
plant materials. The pathogen R. solanacearum was consistently isolated from
storage potato stored in cold storage and in farmer's storage system. Significantly
higher incidence of R. solanacearum occurred in farmer's storge compared to cold
storage system. Again, in both storage systems the incidence increased significantly
with the time of storage period. This indicates that this significant pathogen can well
survive in the stored potato and with the duration of storage the infection also
mcreases.
Keywords: molecular detection, race, peR, primer, genomic DNA, Ralstonia solanacearu
DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF BACTERIAL LOAD IN SELECTED LEAFY GREENS COLLECTED FROM DIVERSE MARKETPLACES OF DHAKA CITY IN BANGLADESH
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Submitted to the Department of Plant Pathology,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
or the degree of
CAUSED BY Alternaria spp.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
PLANT PATHOLOGYA study was performed to detect the human pathogenic bacteria and to estimate the
colony-forming units (CFU) and bacterial incidence from 3 selected leafy greens viz.
coriander, lettuce, and mint leaves. The study was conducted in the MS Laboratory of
the Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University during the period from July 2021 to June 2022. In total 27 samples were
collected from 9 different marketplaces in Dhaka city. The bacteria were isolated by
five-fold dilution from the stock solutions after being grown on NA media. Bacteria
were identified by performing cultural, morphological, biochemical, and molecular
studies. The biochemical tests were Gram-staining, KOH solubility, Oxidase, Catalase,
Motility, Simmon’s citrate utilization, Casein hydrolysis, Starch hydrolysis, Gelatin
liquefaction, Levan production tests, and the culture on selective and semi-selective
media were EMB agar, SS agar, Cetrimide agar, and Bacillus cereus agar. In molecular
analysis, the DNA samples were put through to PCR using universal primer 27F:
AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTGAG and primer 1942R: CGGTTACCTTGTTACGAC
TT that targeted the 16s rRNA gene at 1465 bp. Initially, Nine different bacterial genera
viz. Bacillus, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Klebsiella, Enterobacter,
Shigella, Vibrio, and Staphylococcus were detected, and the incidence was 93%, 67%,
44%, 30%, 26%, 26%, 11%, 7%, and 7% respectively. A total of twelve bacteria have
been identified from these nine genera viz, B. subtilis, B. velezensis, B. altitudinis, B.
cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Neisseria spp., K. pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, S. aureus,
Vibrio spp., and Shigella spp. Among them, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K.
pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, S. aureus, and Shigella sp. were detected as human
pathogenic bacteria reported in several pieces of literature. The highest CFU was found
in mint (4.27×10
9
/g) followed by lettuce (2.87×10
9
/g) and the lowest in coriander
(2.43×10
9
/g). Considering marketplaces, the highest bacterial CFU was observed in
the samples of roadside stand bazaars (5×10
9
/g) followed by local markets (2.7×10
/g), and the lowest was in supermarkets (1.9×10
9
/g). However, further advanced
research is needed for the identification of undetected bacteria and to understand the
specific conditions that lead to bacterial contamination in leafy greens
EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MARKET PRICE OF POULTRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS IN BANGLADESH
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the wholesale price of
chicken and chicken products. Data of one year were collected from online database of poultry news portal
from which 6 months of pre-covid and 6 month of covid period. A structured questionnaire was prepared to
put market price of chicken and chicken products from eight divisions of Dhaka, Khulna, Barishal,
Mymensingh, Sylhet, Rangpur, Rajshahi and Chattogram of Bangladesh. Secondary data were collected for
12 months from each divisions for all parameters. The results showed that the average wholesale price of
broilers, culled white chicken and Sonali chicken, shell eggs (brown and white) and day-old-chicks (brown
chicks, white layer chicks and broiler chicks) were fluctuated due to COVID-19 pandemic, but no significant
(p>0.05) difference was found in prices except live culled red chicken. The average wholesale price of culled
red chicken in Chattogram was 171.12±19.67Tk/kg on July to December 2019 and 195.34±35.70Tk/kg on
July to December 2020. In Khulna and Rajshahi the wholesale price of brown shell eggs has descending
order whereas in Dhaka, Barishal and Chattogram the price has a accending order, but it remain unchanged
in Mymensingh, Sylhet and Rangpur during COVID pandemic. The wholesale price of white shell eggs in
Dhaka, Khulna and Rajshahi showed decreasing trend during pandemic but increasing trend in Chattogram.
The wholesale price of white layer chicks was lowered by 21.43Tk, 23.79Tk and 31.03Tk/chick in COVID
period than pre-COVID period in Dhaka, Barishal and Rangpur, whereas minor price fluctuation was
observed in brown layer and broiler chicks.The extreme wholesale price of a Sonali chick was
15.67±3.50/chick in Rangpur only during pandemic. The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic had
a negative impact on the poultry industry
EFFECT OF PHOSPHOROUS AND BORON ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF POTATO
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Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
SOIL SCIENCEThe experiment was carried out at the research field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Dhaka-1207, from November 2021 to February 2022 to study the effect of
phosphorous and boron on the growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Three
levels of phosphorous (P
0
= 0 kg P ha
ii
-1
, P
1
= 30 kg P ha
-1
, P
2
= 40 kg P ha
) and three
levels of boron (B
0
= 0 kg B ha
-1
, B
1
= 2 kg B ha
-1
, P
2
= 3 kg B ha
-1
) were used for this
study. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with nine treatment combinations and
three replications. The data on growth and yield parameters of potato were recorded. Most
of the parameters were significantly affected by different levels of P application. Generally,
P
2
gave the best results and showed the highest tuber yield (30.47 t ha
-1
), and marketable
yield (26.63 t ha
-1
). Most of the parameters were also significantly affected by boron
treatments. The highest yield (28.92 t ha
-1
-1
), and highest marketable yield (25.3 t ha
)
resulted from B
2
treatment. Considering the combined effect of P and B the maximum plant
height (50.70 cm), number of stems (6.17), number of leaves
hill
-1
(109), number of tubers
hill
-1
(7.33), weight of tubers hill
-1
(552.10 gm), weight of tubers plot
-1
(13.57 kg), yield
(33.99 t ha
-1
), marketable yield (29.54 t ha
-1
), tuber length (18.70 cm) and tuber width
(16.13 cm) resulted from the P
2
B
2
treatment combination. On the other hand, the minimum
plant height (38.10 cm), number of stems hill
-1
(3.17), number of leaves hill
(51.53),
number of tubers hill
-1
(4.38 kg), yield (10.97 t ha
(4.17), weight of tubers hill
-1
-1
-1
(181.33 gm), weight of tubers plot
), lowest marketable yield (6.18 t ha
-1
), tuber length (15cm),
and tuber width (12.13 cm) were recorded from P
0
B
0
(control) treatment combination. So,
considering the aforementioned findings, P
2
treatment (40 kg P ha
-1
) with B
2
treatment (3
kg B ha
-1
) performed the best results for the growth and yield of potato
STUDIES ON VETERINARY ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES AND RESISTANCE IN FARM PRODUCES TO ENSURE SAFE AND QUALITY FOOD OF ANIMAL ORIGIN; A SAFE FOOD CONCERN
Get PDFAbstract
Antibiotic residues in farm products are widely considered as a significant cause
of antibiotic resistance. However, no comprehensive work has been documented
to date on this issue in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to explore
residual antibiotics and resultant Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in farm
produces. A total of 1000 samples (300 meat samples, 300 milk samples and 400
eggs samples) were collected from different parts of the country and analyzed by
European Four Plate Techniques, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
(ELISA) and Antibiotic Residue E-Reader. Microbial loads in farm produce were
determined by conventional cultural methods. Antibiotic resistance of the isolates
was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using 10 most commonly
used antibiotics in veterinary medicine. As high as 37%, 59% and 75.70% of
meat, milk and egg samples, respectively were found qualitatively positive to
contain residual antibiotics. Quantitative analyses by ELISA showed that levels of
all antibiotics residue except penicillin) in farm produces were below maximum
residue limit (MRL). Salmonella, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated
from most of the samples. Isolated pathogenic organisms had multi drug
resistance. The present study findings showed that food of farm origin in
Bangladesh contains residual antibiotics though most of them are below the
Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). However, still these residual antibiotics may
contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance in zoonotic organism that
may threaten food safety and public health. Present study revealed that
microorganisms are getting resistance against essential antibiotics that in turn
might compromise public health in great extent. Therefore, the study suggests to
ensure judicial use of antibiotics in all cases.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance, farm products, pathogenic bacterial strain
THIN LAYER DRYING OF PUMPKIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PUMPKIN POWDER ENRICHED CAKE AND NOODLES
Get PDFA Thesis
Submitted to Department of Entomology,
Faculty of Agriculture.
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Dhaka-
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS)
IN
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTUREThe study was conducted in postharvest laboratory and agricultural engineering
laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during September to December in
2021. This study aimed to determine drying kinetics and develop pumpkin powder
enriched cake and noodles. For this study two drying method sun drying and air oven
drying were followed and three pretreatments control, blanching and sulphitation were
used for drying of pumpkin slices. Four levels of blanched air oven dried pumpkin
powder 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% as substitute of wheat flour were used for cake and noodles
production. The experiment was conducted by Completely Randomized Design with
three replications. From the result it was found that air oven drying provided faster
drying over sun drying and through blanching pre-treatment found faster lower
moisture ratio over others. As there was no significant difference found in proximate
composition as quality analysis from pretreated and controlled sun and air oven dried
pumpkin powder, four levels of blanched air oven dried pumpkin powder substitute of
wheat flour were used for product development. From Sensory evaluation it was found
that the panelists preferred 10% wheat flour substituted pumpkin powder enriched cake
and noodles. This study revealed that drying is an effective way to preserve pumpkin
and there is an opportunity to develop different bakery items by using 10% level of
pumpkin powder as substitute of wheat flour
PREVALENCE AND BURDEN OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF GAME BIRDS IN DHAKA AND CUMILLA CITY, BANGLADESH
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Submitted to the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.S.) IN PARASITOLOGYThe gastro-intestinal parasites have always been a problem causing severe
parasitism in game birds where the herds are kept in small-range of area. This
present study was carried out to investigate the gastro intestinal parasites in game
birds in Dhaka and Cumilla city of Bangladesh. The samples were examined by
routine coproscopical methods for the presence of different parasites and oocysts.
The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 42% in Bangladesh.
These were documented different gastrointestinal parasites viz, Ascaridia galli,
Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria sp., Balantidium coli, Eimeria spp., Giardia sp. in
Bangladesh. The highest intestinal parasitic infection (60%) was observed in the
fecal sample collected from Mirpur and Cumilla, followed by Shatfeet (40%),
Katabon (28%) and Mohammadpur (20%) whereas, Ascaridia galli (25%)
Heterakis spp. (8%), Capillaria spp. (8%), Balantidium coli (7%), Eimeria spp.
(8%) and Giardia spp. (2%) were observed. In this investigation, the prevalence of
Ascaridia galli was highest in pigeon (38.71%) followed by parrot (33.33%), dove
(30.77%), quail (25.00%), cockatoo (14.28%), guinea fowl (14.28%) and
budgerigar (13.33%) respectively. The prevalence of Heterakis gallinarum was
16.13%, 15.38% and 14.28% in pigeon, dove and cockatoo respectively. The
prevalence of single infection (23%) was higher than the multiple infection (19%)
of helminthes. Alongside, the prevalence of helminthic infection (29.0%) was
found relatively higher than protozoan infection (24.0%). Therefore, the necessary
steps should be undertaken to control the parasitic infection of pet birds
DETERMINANTS OF LAND SHIFT FROM FIELD CROPS TO MANGO CULTIVATION IN RAJSHAHI REGION OF BANGLADESH
Get PDFA thesis submitted to the department of Agricultural Economics, Sher-e-Bangla
Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICSThe shift of land in favor of high valued crops (such as: fruits) has played an important role in
stabilizing and increasing farm income, increasing agricultural expansion, increasing job
facilities and also ensuring the best use of the land. Studies on micro- level decision making
about shifting land to fruits are very scarce. Hence, a trying was employed to appraise the
socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, and the factors associated with shifting
land from field crops to mango cultivation in the northwestern region of Bangladesh. The
study site was Bagha, Shibganj and Nachole upazila under Rajshahi and Chapainawabganj
districts of Bangladesh. Using a multistage random sample technique, primary data were
gathered from 150 carefully chosen farmers in July - August of 2022. The data was analyzed
using binary Probit model and descriptive statistics. The selected 12 characteristics of the
respondents were considered as the explanatory variables and shifting decision constituted
the dependent variable. Socio-economic factors play an important role in the respondents'
behaviors toward shifting decision. Econometric analysis shows that age, contact with AEO,
marketing facilities, favorable environment, societal membership and perception price of
field crops had a significant effect on the decision to move land. Perception price of field
crop was found to be the most significant positive factor determining land shifting decision,
holding a marginal effect coefficient of 0.62 respectively. Insect and disease infestations, as
well as a lack of technical assistance and training facilities, were among the various obstacles
encountered by the respondents. It can be beneficial to offer the required training facilities
and a formal loan with a lower interest rate to change the next investment decision of the
shifted farmer