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OCCURRENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PROFILING OF Staphylococcus aureus ISOLATED FROM RAW CHEVON
Get PDFThe chevon is an animal source protein that is delicious, nutritious and a very well-known food for all. This
study aimed to determine the prevalence as well as the antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus in
chevon sold at the different wet markets in Dhaka City. A total of 120 samples of raw chevon were
4*
collected from some selected areas. The cultural characteristics, staining and biochemical properties were
used to isolate and identify the S. aureus bacteria. The highest and lowest Total Viable Count (TVC) in the
supplied sample were log
10
9.22 CFU/gm and log
9.04 CFU/gm, respectively. The overall prevalence of S.
aureus in Dhaka City was 47.5%. The highest prevalence was recorded at BNP Bazar (65%) of the Dhaka
City. Isolates were investigated for antibiotic sensitivity profile using a Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay
against five common antibiotics used in goats. The S. aureus showed the highest sensitivity to gentamicin
(57.9%), followed by ciprofloxacin (56.14%), and the highest resistance pattern was shown against
amoxicillin (100%), followed by ampicillin (92.98%), and tetracycline (63.15%). These bacterial
contaminations in the chevon may be mitigated following proper hygienic management, proper boiling or
cooking, and public health awareness
COMPARATIVE HEALTH HAZARD ANALYSIS OF NON-TOBACCO AND TOBACCO PRODUCER IN MANIKGANJ DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
Get PDFTobacco farming people, especially women and children, suffer from specific kinds of respiratory diseases
at the time of curing in direct sunlight or the fired-cured method. Tobacco cultivation is responsible for
severe non-communicable diseases among tobacco producers and other people in tobacco-cultivated areas.
To estimate the health costs of individuals in tobacco-cultivated areas, a cross-sectional and comparative
study was undertaken among tobacco and non-tobacco farmers with family members in Manikganj districts.
A total of 120 households were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique, and each
household head was interviewed face-to-face using a semi-structured questionnaire to gather information on
households, family members, health hazards (categorized as severe, moderate, and mild), and farming. The
quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. In this study,
120 households consisted of a total of 501 household members. About three-fifth (64.27%) of all household
members suffered from tobacco-related sickness. The average treatment costs for non-tobacco and tobacco
growers were BDT 5,015 and BDT 9,733.57, respectively. The average number of sick days and lost
workdays were 17.74 and 9.82 for non-tobacco growers, compared to 20.17 and 12.29 for tobacco growers.
The binary logistic regression results indicate that sicknesses were found to be a higher risk for tobacco
growers at the severe level compared to non-tobacco growers. The health risks of tobacco farming,
including green tobacco sickness and other issues caused by excessive exposure to pesticides, chemicals,
tobacco dust, and long working hours; the severity of these issues increased during cultivation. Moreover,
tobacco cultivation carries the risk of disease burden. To achieve a tobacco-free country by 2040, tobacco
farmers should cultivate food crops that are profitable and no health hazard of the farmers from a broader
perspective instead of cultivating tobacco
APPLICATION OF REVISED BLOOMS TAXONOMY IN ENGLISH TEST BATTERIES FOR AGRICULTURE STUDENTS IN BANGLADESH: AN EVALUATIVE INVESTIGATION
Get PDFLearning outcomes of an English course are successfully materialized when the contents are assessed,
tested, and finally evaluated in a valid and reliable way, strengthening a positive backwash effect. Benjamin
Bloom's Taxonomy is widely accepted and used as an assessment tool that measures the students' cognitive
development. This paper aims to evaluate the English question papers prepared for the agriculture learners
using revised Bloom's taxonomy at a public agricultural university in Bangladesh. It explores the extent to
which the objectives of the English curriculum are reflected in question papers. Notwithstanding, it also
investigates the cognitive level of taxonomy in practice to assess the students' proficiency. The impetus to
work on this topic comes from observing students' more unsatisfactory performance in the English final
examination that reflects their low level of understanding. For this purpose, the English curriculum and
questions of different faculties during 2015 to 2019 have been taken into account as a source of data.
Moreover, critical descriptive and content analyses are accomplished depending on the verb lists of Bloom's
taxonomy. Besides, the collected data are then quantified to demonstrate them in a statistical form.
Accordingly, five English teachers were interviewed on the application of Bloom's taxonomy in the
research context. Henceforth, this study includes a mixed-method approach using both qualitative and
quantitative data. The findings of the paper reveal that the question papers include mostly the lower-domain
or level of taxonomy focusing the remember, understand, and to some extent apply levels. Further, the
objectives have not been duly justified in the question papers. Hence, it reveals that the present assessment
technique does not follow a higher domain of metacognitive skills in developing the creative faculty of the
students. Finally, the study suggests that the existing English questions need to be prepared to focus on the
higher cognitive domain of knowledge to make the learners cognitively competent in communication
GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE PREVALENCE OF GOATS
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of diseases of the goats at the Central Veterinary
Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The diseases were identified by laboratory results, clinical indicators, and
complaints from the patients' owners. The risk factors of the disease prevalence were associated with breed,
varieties or type, age, and sex of the animals. Overall disease prevalence of goats was found around PPR
(40%), Pneumonia (11%), Mastitis (6%), Worm infestation (14%), Bloat (17%), Urolithiasis (8%) and
Miscellaneous (4%). The prevalence was relatively higher in Black Bengal (56.92%), followed by
Jamunapari (23.07%) and Jamunapari and Black Bengal crosses (20%). The study revealed that PPR
prevalence was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by breed. Disease occurrence in morphological variant
groups has no significant effect. The infection rate of goats was highly variable in 7-24 months of age
(50.76%) followed by 0-6 months (27.69%) and over 24 months (21.53%). It was found that bloat disease
has significant (P<0.05) effects on the age of the animals. Male goats have higher (7.69%) Urolithiasis
cases compared to female goats. The results of this study is important to understand the prevalence of goat
diseases in this region concerning different genetic and non-genetic risk factors which will facilitate the
implementation of appropriate preventative measures against those diseases
POTENTIAL OF MORINGA LEAF EXTRACT ON SEED PRIMING AND GROWTH PROMOTION OF CAULIFLOWER
Get PDFMoringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaf extract (MLE) enhances the germination percentage and seedling
growth of cauliflower through its rich nutrient profile, essential compounds like vitamins, minerals, and
amino acids. The study explores the potential of MLE as a novel agent for seed priming as well as growth
promotion in cauliflower cultivation. This study provides insights into sustainable agricultural practices by
using MLE for improving crop productivity. Experiment was conducted in controlled laboratory condition.
Four treatments (T
0
: Tap water as control, T
1
: MLE prepared from 10 minutes boiling, T
: MLE prepared
from 20 minutes boiling, and T
: Fresh MLE) were used in this experiment by following Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. In second stage of screening, the best selected treatment
in the first stage of screening (T
1
3
) was further evaluated (M
0
: control, M
1
, M
2
, M
) on growth promotion of
cauliflower plant. Application of MLE prepared from 10 minutes boiling (T
3
treatment) showed the
significantly highest germination percentage (100%), and mean daily germination (97.5%). Besides,
treatment T
1
produced larger root (1.8 cm), accumulated higher fresh (0.244 g) and dry weight (0.043 g) of
cauliflower seedlings compared to other treatments. In pot study, treatment M
3
(15 ml water:1 ml MLE−T
produced the highest plant height (30.9 cm), leaf number (15.0), leaf width (11.1cm), petiole length (8.7
cm) and dry weight (9.7 g) at harvest. Thus, MLE creates a conducive environment for optimal cauliflower
seed germination and robust early seedling growth.
1
DETECTION OF Escherichia coli AND Salmonella SPECIES FROM VEGETABLES SALAD IN DHAKA CITY
Get PDFThe vegetable salad is a popular and healthy food for human beings. It may be contaminated by a lot of
microbes. This research work was conducted to isolate and identify the Escherichia coli and Salmonella
bacteria from mixed vegetable salad in Dhaka City, Bangladesh from 2020 to 2021. A total number of 120
mixed vegetable salad samples were collected from different restaurants, food corners and street vendors.
Bacteria were identified based on cultural, staining and biochemical properties. Total viable count (TVC) and
total coliform count (TCC) were determined. The mean ±SD values of TVC (log10CFU/gm) were 6.07±0.69,
5.42±0.69 and 7.04±0.48 for restaurant, food corner and street vendor, respectively. The TCC
(log10CFU/gm) were 6.20±0.59, 5.23±0.59 and 6.70±0.57 in restaurant, food corner and street vendor
samples, respectively. The highest contaminations of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were observed in street
vendor salads which were 15% and 7.5%, respectively. The antimicrobial sensitivity test showed resistance
to ampicillin, amoxicillin and tetracycline, while sensitive to ceftriaxone, gentamicin and streptomycin for
both types of bacteria. So, these bacteria are zoonotic and the salad from different food shops should be
prepared hygienically prior to consumption
THE EFFECT OF GALLS FORMED BY TRICHILOGASTER ACACIAELONGIFOLIAE ON THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF INVASIVE ACACIA LONGIFOLIA SUBSPECIES LONGIFOLIA IN AUSTRALIA
No full textA study was conducted to observe the effectiveness of galls by Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae on the
vegetative growth of Acacia longifolia subspecies longifolia at six study locations in the Greater Grampians
(GGr) Bioregion of Victoria, Australia during a study period from September 2014–December 2016. The
results of this study have showed that galls formed by Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae on Acacia longifolia
subspecies longifolia plants have negative impacts on vegetative growth of Acacia longifolia subspecies
longifolia growing in the native home range of the weed, however it is not sufficient to reduce the invasive
spread of the plant. An integrated weed management approach is required to control the invasive weed
Acacia longifolia subspecies longifolia
COMPARATIVE HEALTH HAZARD ANALYSIS OF NON-TOBACCO AND TOBACCO PRODUCER IN MANIKGANJ DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
No full textTobacco farming people, especially women and children, suffer from specific kinds of respiratory diseases
at the time of curing in direct sunlight or the fired-cured method. Tobacco cultivation is responsible for
severe non-communicable diseases among tobacco producers and other people in tobacco-cultivated areas.
To estimate the health costs of individuals in tobacco-cultivated areas, a cross-sectional and comparative
study was undertaken among tobacco and non-tobacco farmers with family members in Manikganj districts.
A total of 120 households were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling technique, and each
household head was interviewed face-to-face using a semi-structured questionnaire to gather information on
households, family members, health hazards (categorized as severe, moderate, and mild), and farming. The
quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. In this study,
120 households consisted of a total of 501 household members. About three-fifth (64.27%) of all household
members suffered from tobacco-related sickness. The average treatment costs for non-tobacco and tobacco
growers were BDT 5,015 and BDT 9,733.57, respectively. The average number of sick days and lost
workdays were 17.74 and 9.82 for non-tobacco growers, compared to 20.17 and 12.29 for tobacco growers.
The binary logistic regression results indicate that sicknesses were found to be a higher risk for tobacco
growers at the severe level compared to non-tobacco growers. The health risks of tobacco farming,
including green tobacco sickness and other issues caused by excessive exposure to pesticides, chemicals,
tobacco dust, and long working hours; the severity of these issues increased during cultivation. Moreover,
tobacco cultivation carries the risk of disease burden. To achieve a tobacco-free country by 2040, tobacco
farmers should cultivate food crops that are profitable and no health hazard of the farmers from a broader
perspective instead of cultivating tobacco
ENHANCING ROOTING PERFORMANCE OF STEM CUTTING OF GARDENIA (Gardenia jasminoides) USING ROOT PROMOTING TREATMENTS
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted with Gardenia jasminoides to find out the suitable root promoting
treatments of stem cutting both in the winter and summer season. The treatments of the experiment were
T
0
= Control, T
1
= Mixed plant growth regulators (1000 ppm IBA + 1000 ppm NAA), T
= Wounding to
cutting base and T
= Wounding to cutting base + Mixed plant growth regulators. The experiment was
laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Among the treatments, T
3
was
found superior in terms of days required for shooting, number of roots per cutting, number of shoots per
cutting, percentage of rooting, percentage of survival, etc, both in the winter and summer season. The
results of T
3
were closely followed by T
1
and T
2
. On the other hand, the results from T
treatment were
found lowest in all parameters. However, 78.33% rooting in the summer and 67.93% rooting in the
winter were recorded from T
, whereas it was only 43.66% in the summer and 37.66% in the winter for
T
0
treatment
STATUS OF INDISCRIMINATE USES OF ANTIBIOTICS IN LIVESTOCK AT NARAYANGANJ SADAR, NARAYANGANJ
Get PDFAntibiotic overuse, the prevalence of diseases, and the emergence of medication resistance are the main
reasons why rash antibiotic use has attracted significant attention worldwide. By assessing the prescribers'
patterns of prescribing antibiotics for patients, this cross-sectional survey-based study aims to represent a
true picture of antibiotic use in Narayanganj Sadar, Narayanganj. It was conducted by making specific
interviews with 60 farmers using a self-designed standard questionnaire. As a result of this study, we know
that 38.3% of animals received antibiotic prescriptions, and that young animals (those age under 2 years
old) received these prescriptions more frequently (53.8%). According to this study, the majority of
antibiotics were used to treat microbial infections about 18 out of 23 animals (78.3%). Contrary to goat
species, cattle species utilized antibiotics at a rate that is 6.69% greater. All prescriptions are for ceftriaxone
(22%), marbofloxacin (18%), ceftiofur (4%), and ciprofloxacin (4%), in addition to amoxicillin (26%) and
penicillin (26%). The13% of farmers had no idea how an antibiotic worked, how long it had lasted, or how
to use it. About 69.5% of animals received prescriptions from non-registered veterinarians. It was obvious
that farmers were not sufficiently aware of the usage of antibiotics, lacked adequate education and did not
practice regarding drug usage policies in all situations. The spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and
other health issues are caused by this illogical use. Therefore, community base awareness regarding the
discriminate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock production