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DETERMINATION OF THE POTENTIALITY OF DIFFERENT SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.)GENOTYPES
No full textA field experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) with three replications at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University (SAU), Dhaka during the Kharif season of 2022 to examine the genetic
variability, correlation, and path analysis based on 12 characters of 43 sesame genotypes.
Analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among the genotypes for most of
the characters except the number of capsules per plant. The phenotypic variance and
phenotype coefficient of variation were relatively higher than the respective genotypic
variance and genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters. High broad sense
heritability together with high genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for
number of secondary branches per plant (90.1%), 1000-seed weight (99.3%), and seed
yield per plant (97.9%) while moderate heritability for days to 50% flowering (59.8%).
The correlation coefficient analysis revealed that seed yield per plant had a significant
positive correlation with plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to 80% maturity,
number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per
capsule, height of the first capsule, and 1000-seed weight. It appears from path coefficient analysis that plant height (0.856), days to 80% maturity (0.227), number of
primary branches per plant (0.467), number of secondary branches per plant (0.441),
capsule length (0.258), and number of seeds per capsule (0.213) had a positive direct
effect on the yield per plant whereas, internode length (-0.799) followed by number of
capsules per plant (-0.370), and days to 50% flowering (-0.198) had a negative direct
effect. Based on mean performance, heritability, and interrelationship, the genotypes G6,
G12, and G36 for seed yield per plant, and the genotypes G26, G27, and G37 for early
maturity could be selected for further varietal improvement of sesame
Evaluating the Safety of Imidacloprid FS Seed Treatment Use in Potato Production: A Case Study from China
No full textThis study evaluated the residue behavior and dissipation dynamics of a new imidacloprid FS 600 seed treatment in potato cultivation systems in Shandong and Jilin, China. Sensitive and accurate UPLC-MS/MS methods were established to quantify imidacloprid residues in potatoes, potato plants, and soil. Results showed that imidacloprid dissipation followed a first-order kinetic model, with half-lives ranging from 6.9 to 26.7 days in plants and 19.8 to 28.9 days in soil. At harvest, the highest average residues in potatoes and soil were 0.778 mg/kg and 0.149 mg/kg, respectively. The dietary risk assessment indicated a chronic risk quotient (CRQ) of 39.73% for adults, indicating minimal risk to human consumers, while the ecological risk quotient (ERQ) and ecotoxicity exposure ratio (TER) revealed low to moderate toxicity to earthworms, warranting caution in the use of this formulation. This research provides valuable data for assessing the safety of imidacloprid FS seed treatment in potato cultivation
Effect of Micronutrients on Incidence, Damage Severity of Sucking Insect Pests of Sunflower and its Impact on Yield and other Arthropods
No full textAn experiment was conducted in a field on 23074/N latitude and 90035/E longitude at the central farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from November 2021 to April 2022. The experiment of eight treatments as follows: T1 = Urea @ 210 gm/plot + TSP @ 84gm/plot + MoP @ 98gm/plot [recommended doses (RD) of Urea, TSP and MoP] +Boron @ 7.0 gm/ Plot+ ZnSo4 @ 8.4 gm/ Plot ;T2 = RD of Urea, TSP and MoP +Spraying 0.2% Borax @ 2gm/ L of water; T3= RD of Urea, TSP and MoP +Spraying 0.2% ZnSo4 @ 2gm/ L of water; T4= RD of Urea, TSP and MoP +Spraying 0.5% Borax @ 5gm/ L of water; T5RD of Urea,TSP and MoP +Spraying 0.2% Borax + 0.2% ZnSo4 @ 2gm/ L of water; T6 = Urea @ 210 gm/plot+ TSP @ 180 gm/plot+ MoP @ 150gm/plot + Spraying 0.5% ZnSo4 @ 5gm/ L of water; T7 = Urea @ 210 gm/plot+ TSP @ 180gm/plot+ MoP @ 150gm/plot+ MgSo4 @ 12 gm/ Plot and T8= control. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The overall result indicates that the combination of different micronutrientsdecreased the incidence of sucking insect pests of sunflower and increased the abundance of beneficial arthropods compared to T8treatment. In T1treatment, the lowest leaf infestation percentage caused by aphid 17.49 and 19.50 %; Jassid 14.19 and 14.89 % and White fly 26.18 and 30.83 % at the vegetative and reproductive stages respectively. The highest number of beneficial arthropods per plot of lady bird beetle both adults and grubs ((3.63 and 5.53 respectively); honey bee (22.36), ant (3.55), spider (1.42) was also recorded in T1treatment. The highest yield contributing characters of sunflower, the highest of head/ capitulam diameter (9.75cm), height of plant per plot (179.73 cm), leaf width (14.24 cm), leaf length (21.05 cm), area of leaves per plant (62.29 cm) and number of leaf per plant (21.93), number of total head per plot (29.83), number of seed per head (725.56), weight of single seed (1.03 mg), and weight of seed per head (54.96 gm) of sunflower were observed in T1treatment which was statistically different from among all other treatments. The highestsunfloweryield (1.92 kg /plot) and oil content (0.93 liter/2kg and 46.5%) were also observed from T1 treatment. Among the different micronutrient treatment combinations, different micronutrients using in T1 treatment were more effective for the reducing the incidence of sucking insect pests on sunflower. In the term of effect of micronutrients, T1= Recommended doses of Urea, TSP and MoP + Boron @ 7.0 gm/ Plot+ ZnSo4 @ 8.4 gm/ Plot; was an eco-friendly pest management practice for sunflowerby which one can significantly reduce pest infestation without use of any chemical insecticides
A Biomechanical Study of Potential Plants for Erosion Control and Slope Stabilization of Highland in Thailand
No full textSoil bioengineering provides a sustainable method for erosion control and soil slope stabilization using vegetation with multiple co-benefits. This study evaluated ten plant species in Thailand’s highland regions for their soil bioengineering potential and additional benefits. Root architecture, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus were measured to compare biomechanical traits. G. sepium, F. griffithii, P. americana, B. asiatica, and C. arabica exhibited H-type roots with wide lateral spread, while M. denticulata and C. officinarum had VH-type roots with deep taproots and wide lateral extent. A. sutepensis showed M-type roots with most root matrix in the top 0.3 m, where C. cajan and C. sinensis had R-type roots with deep, oblique growth. Most species showed a negative power relationship between the root strength and Young’s modulus with the root diameter except C. cajan that showed a positive correlation. P. americana, F. griffithii, C. officinarum, and C. arabica showed relatively high values of 1 mm root tensile strength (exceeding 24 to 42 MPa), while M. denticulata, G. sepium, and B. asiatica exhibited intermediate root tensile strength (ranging from 8 to 19 MPa). A. sutepensis, C. cajan, and C. sinensis demonstrated the lowest root tensile strength, up to 7 MPa. It is advised to plan slope vegetation by selecting diverse plant species with varying root structures and benefits, addressing both engineering and socioeconomic needs of the sustainable nature-based solution
Salinity negatively correlates with the production and immunity of chicken: A molecular insight for food security and safety issues
No full textSalinity intrusion into the freshwater system due to climate change and anthropogenic activities is
a growing global concern, which has made humans and domesticated animals more susceptible to
diseases, resulting in less productivity. However, the effects of salinity on domesticated and wild
birds, especially in terms of production and immunity, have not been fully elucidated yet.
Therefore, this study was designed to examine the effects of salinity on the production and immunity
of birds and the mechanisms by which immunity is compromised. Broiler chicks were
subjected to different concentrations of salty water (control = normal water, treatment = 5 g/L,
treatment = 10 g/L, and treatment = 15 g/L). The collected blood and organs from different
groups of broilers were biochemically and histopathologically examined. Birds in salt-treated
groups consumed significantly less feed than the control group, while the feed conversion ratio
(FCR) was significantly higher. Body weight gain was significantly lower in salt-treated groups
compared to control. Serum analysis revealed a lower systemic antibody titer in the salt-treated
groups compared to the control. Primary lymphoid organs (thymus and bursa of Fabricius) were
reduced in size in the salt-treated group due to cellular migration and depletion from these organs.
Importantly,
most
of
the
parenchyma
of
lymphoid
organs
was
replaced
with
fibrotic
tissue.
Gut
microbes,
Escherichia
coli
(E.
coli)
and
Salmonella
spp.,
from
salt-treated
groups,
showed
less
viability
but
developed
antibiotic
resistance.
Levels
of
salinity
were
significantly
and
negatively
correlated
with feed intake, body weight gain, antibody titer, lymphoid organ size, and viable
count of gut microbes, while FCR, fibrosis of lymphoid organs, and antibiotic resistance were
significant positively correlated. In conclusion, increased salinity is a possible threat to food security and safety as it decreases body weight gain, reduces immunity, and influences the
development of multi-drug resistance in gut microbes
Characterization of Cr(VI)-reducing indigenous bacteria from a long-term tannery waste-contaminated soil
No full textThis paper investigated the Cr (VI) detoxification potential of 4 novel bacterial strains isolated from a long-term tannery waste-contaminated soil. Molecular techniques were used to identify the bacterial strains using 16 S rDNA gene sequencing. The Cr (VI) detoxification capacity of the bacteria was determined by 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) methods. The identified bacterial strains were Bacillus subterraneus MMKT-10, Klebsiella quasivariicola MMKT-15, Acinetobacter seohaensis MMKT-19, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus MMKT-25. All the strains showed maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) of Cr (VI) up to 4000 mg/L. However, in terms of Cr(VI) reduction rate, K. quasivariicola can be considered the most efficient, reducing the two preliminary Cr(VI) concentrations (10 and 20 mg/L) at 15 and 18 h, respectively, while the rest of the strains needed 30 h to reduce the same concentrations from the culture medium. The favorable temperature for Cr(VI) detoxification ranged from 30–40 °C. However, 100 % Cr (VI) reduction was achieved by all the strains at 35 0C. Interestingly, all the bacterial strains reduced a significant amount of Cr (VI) at 50 0C, indicative of their thermotolerant nature. The ideal pH for Cr (VI) reduction was 7 for B. subterraneus MMKT-10 and K. quasivariicola MMKT-15, whereas it was 8 for Acinetobacter seohaensis MMKT-19 and Staphylococcus saprophyticus MMKT-25. The indigenous bacterial strains isolated in this study could be one of the promising candidates for the detoxification of Cr (VI) contaminated sites
Transformation of Cropping Pattern through the Intervention of Potato Variety ACI Alu-10 (Valencia) to Ensure Food Security in Bangladesh
No full textTo transform the cropping pattern or add a new potato variety like ACI Alu-10 (Valencia) to the existing cropping pattern, it is essential to have adequate farmers’ knowledge and a favorable attitude towards that variety. In addition, the better performance of the variety in comparison to other market leader varieties is also necessary. Against such a backdrop, the present study determined farmers’ knowledge and attitude towards the potato variety (Valencia) and compare the selling price, yield, harvesting period, and cost of production of this variety with other potato varieties. Data were collected from randomly selected 139 farmers of Bogura and Joypurhat districts. A face-to-face interview followed by a structured questionnaire were used to collect data. The survey revealed that the Valencia users had higher knowledge and a more favorable attitude towards the variety than the non-Valencia users. The t-test showed a significant difference between Valencia users and non-Valencia users regarding the price, harvesting period, and cost of production, indicating that Valencia has a shorter harvesting period, higher selling price, and lower production cost. On the other hand, the result indicates that 62 days Valencia yield was almost near to the 74 days of other check potato varieties yield. By getting early and higher cash through selling Valencia, farmers can utilize the amount to improve their livelihood and solve problems. The findings may be helpful to policymakers in the decision to include Valencia in the current cropping pattern to increase potato production and food security in Bangladesh
Interaction Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Weed Control Methods on Growth and Yield of Sesame Crop
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Farm, Dhaka during Kharif-1 season (March – June), 2014 to study the effect of irrigation frequency and weed control methods on growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum). The experiment was consisted of two treatment factors, viz., factor- A: four levels of irrigation frequency and factor- B: four levels of weed control methods. The experiment was laid out in a split design. The highest plant height (104.4 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (104.6), number of branches plant-1 (6.44), number of capsules plant-1(54.97), number of seeds capsule-1 (58.53), 1000 seeds weight (3.213 g), seed yield (1.413 t ha-1) and harvest index (29.26%) were obtained with the interaction effect of I3W2 (three times irrigation + two hand weeding). But the shortest plant height (78.18), lowest dry weight plant 1 (15.36 g), number of leaves plant-1 (65.11), number of branches plant-1 (4.789), number of capsules plant-1 (44.77), number of seeds capsule-1 (49.60), 1000 seeds weight (2.910 g), and seed yield (0.944 t ha-1) were obtained with the interaction effect of I0W0 (no irrigation + no weeding). Significant variations were found due to irrigation frequency, weed cont
Seaweed polysaccharides: Sources, structure and biomedical applications with special emphasis on antiviral potentials
No full textSeaweeds are incredibly significant marine resources that have the ability to yield beneficial metabolites and
bioactive substances, exhibiting an extensive variety of biological and physiological capabilities. Seaweed
polysaccharides, in conjunction with other bioactive components, have been shown to exhibit a diverse range of
advantageous characteristics. These include antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic
effects.
The
assortment
and
constitution
of
polysaccharides
found
in
seaweed
are
crucial
factors
in
regulating
these
biological
processes.
Agar,
alginate,
carrageenan,
fucoidan,
and
ulvan
are
abundant
in
seaweeds,
boosting
their
bioactivity. Tissue engineering, drug administration, and wound healing are among the medical
applications of seaweed polysaccharides. Algae-derived polysaccharides have exhibited extraordinary antiviral
properties, which makes them highly promising subjects for pharmacological research. Moreover, numerous
mechanisms have been recorded for these polysaccharides, encompassing the prevention of viral coupling or
entry of the cell host, along with the inhibition of DNA replication and protein synthesis. Seaweed polysaccharides
also have the potential to serve as a long-term solution against the highly publicized coronavirus,
which has caused a global pandemic. This review aims to analyze a variety of seaweed-derived polysaccharides,
explore the association between their bioactivity and structural compositions, and highlight their potential
biological applications, particularly in relation to antiviral activity
First molecular detection of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. and molecular screening of other vector-borne pathogens in camels from the greater Cairo metropolitan area, Egypt
No full textIn Egypt, knowledge about vector-borne bacterial pathogens in camels remains limited. To address thisgap, 181 blood samples from adult one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the greater Cairometropolitan area were collected from October 2021 to March 2022. Through PCR assays, four pathogenswere detected, where Anaplasmataceae being the most common (54.7%), followed by hemotropicMycoplasma spp. (29.3%), Rickettsia spp. (12.2%), and Coxiella burnetii (1.7%). Comparative sequenceanalysis revealed novel findings, including: 1) the identification of two distinct hemotropic Mycoplasmaspp., one closely related to bovine Mycoplasma sp. (Mycoplasma wenyonii), and the other closely relatedto porcine Mycoplasma sp. (Candidatus Mycoplasma haemosuis); and 2) the detection of Anaplasmabovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Additionally, Anaplasma platys, Rickettsia africae, and Coxiellaburnetii were identified as well. It’s worth noting that these vector-borne pathogens possess zoonoticpotential, emphasizing the need for adopting a “One Health” approach in Egypt to safeguard the well-being of both humans and animals