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Salinity-responsive hyperaccumulation of flavonoids in Spirodela polyrrhiza, resultant maneuvering in the structure and antimicrobial as well as azo dye decontamination profile of biofabricated zinc oxide nanoentities
No full textDuckweeds (Spirodela polyrrhiza) are free-floating macrophytes that grow profusely in nutrient-rich waters. Under ideal conditions, they exhibit a rapid growth rate and can absorb a substantial amount of nutrients, macromolecules, and pollutants from bodies of water. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized from plant extracts, particularly under stress conditions, have opened new research avenues in the field of nanotechnology. Under salinity stress, the accumulation of flavonoids in duckweeds can affect the structure of ZnO NPs, helping researchers ascertain their antimicrobial role. In our study, we exposed mid-log phase duckweed monocultures to 75 mM NaCl in a full-strength Murashige and Skoog medium for 7 days, followed by a 15-day recovery period. We observed significant overexpression of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide as reactive oxygen species. As a result, chlorophyll and certain metabolites were produced in lesser amounts, while flavonoid and phenol content increased by 12% and 8%, respectively. This overproduction persisted up to 10 days into the recovery treatment period but dropped by 8% and 5%, respectively, by the 15th day. The flavonoid coating transformed the NPs into rosette clusters, which exhibited reduced antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative, fish-pathogenic bacterium. Herein, we discuss potential mechanisms for the conformational transformation of ZnO NPs into finer dimensions in response to NaCl-induced oxidative stress in duckweed. In this study, the azo dye degradation capacity of salinity-treated plants increased as the flavonoid profile became enriched. Zinc oxide nanoparticles, both prior to and after salinity treatment, were found to be efficient in scavenging azo dye and mitigating its toxicity, as evidenced by improved germination, growth, and overall plant morphometry
Comparative fertility and hatchability of broiler grandparent stocks in Bangladesh
No full textChecking the fertility and hatchability of broiler grandparent lines is important for improving chicken production. The Cobb-500, Ross-308, and Indian River (IR) grandparent strains were studied to determine their initial egg weight, fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, hatching weight, and chick survival rates. We studied a total of 2700 eggs from three different age/treatment, each consisting of three replicates with 100 eggs for each of the three genotypes. Using an automated incubator, eggs were incubated. Cobb-500 had a significantly higher mean egg weight (67.52 g) at later stage of their age compared to Ross-308 (64.22 g) and IR (65.05 g). Study also found that a higher egg weight reflects a higher day-old chick weight. The fertility rates of the Ross-308, IR, and Cobb-500 genotypes were high at 35 weeks (96.00%, 87.00%, and 93.00%) but declined after 45 weeks (64.22%, 65.05%, and 67.52%), respectively. The hatchability of Ross-308, IR, and Cobb-500 eggs at 35 weeks was 85.00%, 75.00%, and 80.00%, respectively. By 45 weeks, all genotypes had higher hatchability, with Ross-308 having the highest at 89%. But at 55 weeks, all genotype showed lowest hatchability where IR was the lowest 67%. Statistically significant variations were observed across strains at later stage. As age increased, embryonic mortality and brood mortality were higher. Compared to the other two, Ross-308 showed the lowest mortality in both embryonic and brooding cases in all three stages of their age of life. However, the IR breed consistently displayed the highest mortality rate. Same pattern showed dead in shell and culling chick’s percentages. Strain-wise, the parameters differ from each other. However, regarding overall performance, the Ross-308 strain outperformed the other two strains. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2024, 8(2), 48-5
Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco smoking in Bangladesh
No full textObjectiveThis study investigates tobacco use in Bangladesh among adults using 2017 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data, with the aim of identifying prevalence and associated factors to inform targeted policy interventions.MethodsUtilizing GATS-Bangladesh 2017 data for individuals aged 15 and above, a comprehensive analysis was conducted employing various statistical techniques. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were employed to discern patterns and significant associations.ResultsThe prevalence of tobacco use in Bangladesh stood at 19.5%, revealing substantial variations across demographic and socio-economic factors. Males exhibited a significantly higher prevalence (40.4%) than females (0.6%), underscoring the gender disparities. Regional disparities were evident, with Mymensingh showing the highest prevalence at 26%. Various factors, including age, residence, gender, education, occupation, family size, wealth index, smokeless tobacco use, health conditions, and media exposure, displayed significant associations with tobacco use, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of this public health challenge.ConclusionThe findings underscore the imperative for policy interventions that prioritize educational initiatives, targeted interventions for specific demographics, refined communication strategies, and comprehensive health education programs. Notably, the influential role of media and the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use should be integral considerations in the formulation of effective tobacco control policies. Furthermore, the study advocates for longitudinal research to deepen our understanding of dynamic factors influencing tobacco use over time and to assess the effectiveness of implemented interventions. These recommendations aim to guide Bangladesh towards achieving its ambitious goal of becoming “Tobacco Free”
Assessing the Incidence and Severity of Field Diseases in Marigold (Tagetes erecta) Cultivation: Results from Jashore District, Bangladesh
No full textAbstract A research investigation was carried out in the Jashore district of Bangladesh to study diseases affecting marigold plants, while the laboratory analyses were conducted in the Plant Disease Study Facility, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. The experiment was conducted by surveying three farmers from each of the sixteen villages across four unions in Jhikargacha Upazila to document the occurrence and severity of diseases under natural field conditions. The fungal pathogens surveyed in these diseases were six: leaf spot, botrytis blight, flower bud rot, stem rot, foliage blight, white mold-soil-borne diseases. The most important microflora reported to be associated with these diseases include Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria dianthi, Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia lunata , and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . Of these, major diseases included leaf spot, botrytis blight, foliage blight or flower and leaf blight, and flower bud rot, while minor diseases included stem rot and white mold. Disease incidence ranged from 0-54.33%, while disease severity varied from 1-24%. The paper is the first record of marigold pathogens in Bangladesh and will be highly useful during disease identification, and it would lead to the better cultivation of marigolds in this area
Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in drinking water around Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University campus
No full textMicrobial contamination of drinking water poses a health threat for man and animals. The aim of this study was to detect Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Salmonella in drinking water from the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SrAU) campus and its surrounding areas between January 2021 and August 2021. A total of 60 water samples were collected from dormitories, academic buildings and nearby shopping centres. Identification of bacteria was done using growth characteristics on selective media, staining, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests. The overall prevalence of contamination was 53.3%, with the highest rate (61.1%) in water from shopping centres. Drinking water in the SrAU campus and its vicinity is unsafe for drinking and household purposes. Sanitation programmes of the SrAU health centre need to be strengthen to mitigate health risks of the community. (Bang. vet. 2024. Vol. 41, No. 1 – 2, 1 – 6
Prevalence of mastitis and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the infected udder of dairy cows in coastal regions
No full textPrevalence of mastitis and their antimicrobial resistance in Amtali (sub-district) area of
Barguna District were studied. Mastitis was diagnosed by examining the udder and milk
of 300 dairy cows. The bacteria were cultured and biochemical tests and antimicrobial
profiling were done. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 5.0%, and cross-bred and local
cows had 6.4% and 3.8%, respectively. The prevalence was higher in animals 7 - 8 years
old (5.9%) and in cows of 3
rd
- 4
parity (8.8%). Cows with peri-parturient diseases and
1
st
- 2
nd
th
lactation had prevalence of 6.8% (P<0.05) and 5.7%, respectively. The prevalence in
dry and wet seasons was 33.3% and 66.7% (P<0.10), respectively, and 53.3% of cows were
affected with mastitis when the floor was wet and soiled. The prevalence was 73.3%
(P<0.05) in unhygienic conditions. The prevalence of E. coli and S. aureus in mastitis milk
samples was 73.3% and 66.7%, respectively. E. coli was sensitive to amoxicillin (36.4%),
ampicillin (36.4%), tetracycline (54.6%), streptomycin and co-trimoxazole (81.8%),
gentamicin & ceftriaxone (90.9%), cefuroxime and cefixime (100%). S. aureus was sensitive
to co-trimoxazole (60%), tetracycline (70%), amoxicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin (80%),
gentamicin, ceftriaxone (90%), cefuroxime and cefixime (100%). (Bang. vet. 2024. Vol. 41,
No. 1 – 2, 13 – 22
Production Performance and Nutritional Quality of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Nurtured in Different Organic Waste
No full textNutritionists are beginning to pay attention to black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.)
larvae (BSFL) as an alternative to expensive soybean and fish meal in animal feed
which is abundant in different nutrients. Additionally, organic wastes including
leftover food, animal excreta, and agricultural wastes, can be used to efficiently raise
and spread BSFL. This study was carried out to evaluate the yield, production
performance and proximate composition of BSFL nurtured on different organic waste
namely, broiler starter feed (BF); rice bran (RB); market-sourced vegetable wastes
(VW); chicken manure (CM) and kitchen waste (KW). The BF fed group had the
highest observed larval yields (16.2 kg in total; P<0.05). Raising BSFL on BF, VW
and KW resulted in the greatest body weight (0.149, 0.147 and 0.150 g, respectively)
and growth rate (0.012 g), whereas the KW fed group had the longest body length
(P<0.05). The fed groups that received CM and BF had the highest and lowest
mortality rates, respectively (P<0.05). All fed groups except RB had improved feed
conversion ratios, while VW and KW fed groups had higher protein conversion ratios
(2.626 and 2.852, respectively; P<0.05). All the group had better substrate reduction
rate compared to CM fed group (P<0.05). The dry matter and ash contents of BSFL
reared on BF, VW and KW were higher than the RB and CM group (P<0.05). The
KW supplemented BSFL had the highest ether extract level, whereas the BF fed
group had the highest protein content (43.58%, P<0.05). In conclusion, BSFL can be
successfully reared on kitchen and vegetable scraps. It is anticipated that the cost of
black soldier fly farming and animal production will decrease since these organic
waste shown favorable effects on BSFL growth performance and nutritional quality
comparable to broiler feed in the current study
Effect of Industrial Soil Contamination and Fertilizer Management on Growth, Yield and Metal Uptake by BARI Tomato 8
No full textThe concern about industrial pollution and food safety is growing due to crop contamination and a major route to human exposure. The experiment was completed at a net house of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during November 2021 to April 2022 to find out the effect of industrial soil pollution and fertilizer management on growth, yield and metal accumulation by BARI Tomato 8. Industrially polluted soils were collected from contaminated areas considering the soil pollution intensity. The physico-chemical properties were determined in soils. The experiment consists of two-factor, as Factor A: Six different soils (S0: Non-polluted soil; S1: Polluted soil-1, S2: Polluted soil-2; S3: Polluted soil-3, S4: Polluted soil-4 and S5: Polluted soil-5) and Factor B: Three fertilizer treatments (T0: Control; T1: 100% soil test basis dose of fertilizer; T2: 50% soil test basis dose of fertilizer and 50% nutrient from cowdung). High yielding tomato variety BARI Tomato 8 was used for experiment. Among the soils, the highest tomato yield was found in S1 and S5 polluted soils, while the lowest was obtained in S4 and S0 soils. The highest tomato yield was recorded in T2 treatment and the lowest in T0 treatment. The highest tomato fruit dry matter, Pb (1.359 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.759 mg kg-1) concentrations were found in T0 treatment and the lower levels were obtained in T1 (100% RDCF) and T2 (100% RDCF + 50% nutrient from cowdung) treatments. The higher tomato Pb and Cd concentrations were recorded in polluted soils with T0 and T1 treatments and the lower with T2. The highest tomato Pb concentration (1.656 mg kg-1) was obtained in S4T1 and the lowest (0.501 mg kg-1) in S3T2. The highest tomato Cd concentration (1.149 mg kg-1) was obtained in S5T0 and the lowest (0.097 mg kg-1) in S2T2 treatment combinations. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(4): 404–411, 202
Analysis and risk evaluation of soil microplastics in the Rohingya refugee camp area, Bangladesh: A comprehensive study
No full textThe global concern over the pollution-induced by microplastics (MPs) has intensified due to its adverse effects on the environment, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems, where it poses potential threats to soil quality and resident species. However, there is a noticeable research gap regarding soil MPs in dumping sites, specifically within the Rohingya Refugee Camp (RRC), the world's largest humanitarian crisis located in Bangladesh. The main objective of this study is to assess soil MPs' abundance, spatial distribution, and inherent risks in the RRC. The investigation involved extracting MPs from ten soil sampling sites in Kutupalong RRC, home to Rohingya refugees who sought refuge in Bangladesh following the 2017 ethnic atrocities in Northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. Stereomicroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed for identification purposes. The concentration of MPs in the study area varied from 67 to 126 (items/kg) (dry weight), with a mean concentration of 103.80 ± 20.671 (items/kg). MPs with sizes <0.5 mm constituted the majority at 83 %, with fragments (68 %) being the prevailing shape, and transparent (63 %) as the most abundant color. Predominant polymers included polyethylene (53 %) and polypropylene (46 %). Negative correlations were observed between MP abundance and pH and moisture content (p<0.05), while a positive correlation was found between MP abundance and organic matter. PCA results suggested that human-induced inappropriate waste and air deposition are the primary sources of soil MP pollution. Contamination factor values suggested moderate pollution with MPs in the study area. According to the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the area was classified as pollution grade II, signifying 'uncontaminated to moderately contaminated.' However, pollutant load index and potential ecological risk index indicated Hazard Level-I and Pollution Grade-I, respectively. This study illuminates the contamination scenario with MPs, underscoring concerns for eco-environmental safety and providing crucial data for future investigations into MPs in terrestrial dumping habitats
Impact of anthropogenic activities and the associated heavy metal pollution in Sundarbans waterways: threats to commercial fish and human health
No full textThe exposure of fish to heavy metals is
a significant concern for human health and natural
ecosystems. Despite being a critical issue, the extent
of contamination in tropical fish from developing
countries like Bangladesh remains somewhat unexplored. In this study, ten economically vital fish species (Osteogeneiosus militaris, Arius gagora, Har‑
padon nehereus, Mugil ephalus, Pseudapocryptes
elongates, Apocryptes bato, Labeo bata, Tenualosa
toil, Notopterus notopterus, and Pampus chinensis)
from the Pasur River, Bangladesh, were analyzed
by atomic absorption spectrometer for the concentrations of four concerned heavy metals, viz., As,
Cr, Cd, and Pb, and the associated human health risks. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) followed
the order of As (3.30±1.43)>Pb (2.32±0.73)>Cr
(0.63±0.29)>Cd (0.37±0.24). Additionally, the
bioaccumulation factor of the metals in the investigated fish species followed a decreasing trend of As
(824.75)>Cr (781.25)>Cd (744)>Pb (385.83).
While most species fell below the minimum bioaccumulation line, a few exceptions were noted for some
species specific to metals. Health risk assessments
indicated no significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for both children and adults, although
children exhibited greater vulnerability to both types
of health effects. Multivariate analysis and local perceptions supported the conclusion that heavy metals primarily originated from anthropogenic sources
related to development activities adjacent to the riverine areas