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Analysis of the Relationship of Competitiveness and Sustainable Development Goals
Full text linkInthe conditions of the global challenges that surround us at the economic and ecological level, which are very often very different and complex, and very often with a pronounced negative effect on the realization of sustainability goals, it is of great importance to deal with the analysis of the economic dimensions of sustainable development and globalization in order to better understand and realize the global goals of sustainable development. Analyzing the economic development, social inclusion and sustainable environment, as key elements for this research and very important in the context of sustainability approach and their effect on developed and developing countries, the main purpose of this paperis to determine the direction of the relationship of competitiveness and sustainable development which have an impact on global changes. The subject of the research is to define and to analyze the main socio-environmental and economic problems which are directly or indirectly addressed to the sustainable development goals and to identify the links between the concept of competitiveness and the targets goals of sustainable development which reflect the changing global environment. 476Because of that we want to analyze the relationship of competitiveness and sustainable development goals with some specific examples which are affecting developed and developing countries and to contribute to the ongoing discourse and provide future discussions on the relations between competitiveness and sustainability
Realizing Eastern Opening in Domestic Tertiary Education: The role, the strategy, and visions of OBIO
Full text linkThe Hungarian “Eastern Opening policy” is a multifaceted strategy
aimed at leveraging opportunities in the East to diversify the country's
economic partnerships, promote innovation and technology cooperation,
strengthen diplomatic and cultural ties, and enhance regional
connectivity for mutual benefit and sustainable development.
The 2008–2009 economic crisis in Europe brought new challenges
and fresh diplomatic views of communication when mirroring the so
called “Johari window” on a global level. Hungary understood the
importance of a need to diversify its trade and investment portfolio
and remodel its perception on the structure of international relations
and society. Evolving international economic environment and production
chains, accelerated the decision of the Hungarian Government
towards international diversification and opening new prospects
for knowledge-sharing with Asia. To realize the goals of the “Eastern
Opening”, the Oriental Business and Innovation Office (OBIO) was
established in 2016 because of pragmatic and far-sighted initiative
and cooperation between the Central Bank of Hungary and the Budapest
Business University. The paper was selected to create the case
study of the activities and achievements of OBIO as the educational
part in different spectra of activities of the Hungarian Government
intensifying its cooperation with Asia
The relational turn in Chinese diplomatic theory and practice: Towards a community with a shared future for mankind?
Full text linkThis paper departs from the hypothesis that the Community with a Shared Future for Mankind represents a relational turn in Chinese diplomatic theory and practice. This relational turn is underpinned by its Global Development, Security, and Civilization Initiatives. The study employs relational theory from the field of international relations, alongside approaches developed within diplomatic studies. The qualitative analysis of the Chinese officials’ actions and statements was conducted using Voyant software. The findings suggest that China’s announcement of the three initiatives, followed by efforts to implement them through transformative and interconnected projects with global partners, reflects its strategic objectives, ambition to institutionalize power, and growing influence in shaping global governance. China holds the stance that, in doing so, it is sharing wisdom to improve global governance, since we all share the same planet. By providing substance to these three initiatives through collaboration with partners worldwide, China creates a new structure of relations, a system of values, rules of behavior, forms of interdependence, and a global community with a shared future. Building such a community requires balanced development, shared security, multilateralism, and intercultural dialogue
When Global Civilization Initiative Meets Practice - Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Full text linkGlobal Civilization Initiative (GCI) was launched in Beijing on March
15, 2023, when China’s President Xi Jinping delivered a speech titled
Join Hands on the Path Towards Modernization at the CPC in Dialogue
with World Political Parties High-level Meeting. For the purpose of this
article, we will analyse the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO),
since we understand this organization as one of the best examples of
implementing the Global Civilization Initiative in practice. This paper
argues that the SCO, through its emphasis on multilateralism, noninterference, and a shared vision of regional security and development,
embodies key concepts of the GCI’s proposed framework for
international relations. By analysing the SCO’s foundational principles,
its evolving institutional mechanisms, and its responses to regional
challenges, this paper demonstrates how the organization fosters a “new type of international relations” characterized by dialogue, mutual
respect, and a rejection of zero-sum approaches. The paper highlights
the SCO’s role in promoting cultural exchange and civilizational
diversity, thereby offering a practical example of how the GCI seeks to
build a more inclusive and harmonious global order. We structured our
research in this direction for several reasons. First, China launched both
the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Global Civilization
Initiative. Second, both are rooted in Chinese values, norms, and
interpretations of international relations, security order, modernization,
and the idea of building a shared future. Third, the SCO and GCI
promote a framework in which civilizational differences are seen as
drivers of mutual learning and solidarity, rather than as fault lines
to justify the imposition of one’s own values, political systems, or
economic models, or to fuel ideological confrontation. In this sense,
both the SCO and GCI embrace cooperation as a guiding principle in
shaping international relations. Both initiatives demonstrate that a
strong sense of equality among actors contributes directly to a shared
sense of togetherness. Last but not least, we consider it significant
that both also serve China’s broader strategic interests – diplomatic,
economic, security-related, developmental, and political
Mediterranean After Us Presidential Elections in 2024: Scenario for the Near Future
Full text linkAmerican presidential elections in 2024 among other things are marked by Donald Trump’s announcement regarding changes in foreign affairs. In this moment of history, which was characterized by changing world order, the Mediterranean Sea, in particular Eastern and Southern parts, and the Balkans are areas in proximity or directly affected by conflicts. The paper starts with the assumption that change in the White House would imply a certain discontinuity in their foreign policy. By implementing the Italian neoclassical geopolitical framework, the authors question the hypothesis. In line with that approach, opposition between NATO and Russia is considered as among the elites marked by diverging cultural traits and histories. The paper is divided into four parts. In order to arrive at the outcomes of the Trump scenario (new presidential mandate of Donald Trump), importance of the South and East Mediterranean and the Balkans is analyzed from the geopolitical perspective and in the view of current global reordering. Finally authors conclude that change could occur vis-à-vis Ukraine, while US politics in the Middle East would follow the current stance
Serbia and the Global South: Between Non-alignment Policy and a Multi-alignment Strategy
Full text linkThe Republic of Serbia pursues a foreign policy which stands out among
its Balkan neighbors and wider European Union members and candidates. The legacy of
socialist Yugoslavia’s leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement, the 1999 NATO bombings,
and the 2008 EU-US masterminding of “Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence”,
in violent breach of international law, play an important role in the strategic posturing
of the country, reducing the chances of West-bound bandwagoning. Indeed, since 2014,
Belgrade has been negotiating EU membership in a sluggish if not stalled process, while
at the same time reinforcing its military neutrality. The struggle to preserve territorial
integrity regarding Kosovo has furthermore implied a strong diplomatic leaning in the UN
Security Council on the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation, including
decisions not to harmonize with EU restrictive measures against the two. In the process,
Serbia has strengthened its energy cooperation with Russia, elevated the formal status
of its bilateral relations with China to the highest level in Europe, and pursued an active
diplomatic policy towards the Global South vying for support regarding Kosovo and
economic diversification. Such an approach, with its hedging features, has not been
welcomed by Brussels. This paper looks at the context of Serbia’s quest to (re)establish
close cooperation with the Global South, at the opportunities and also at the limitations
of this pursuit
Kriza u Srbiji između normativne (ne)moći Evropske unije i preduzetnika normi
Full text linkAutor analizira reakciju institucija Evropske unije na društveno-političku krizu u Srbiji (2024–2025) u kontekstu normativne moći, kao i osnovne aktere i motive u tom kontekstu. Predmet istraživanja jeste na koji način Evropska unija, kao normativna sila, u kontekstu protesta kao manifestacije dublje političke krize, utiče na uspostavljanje vladavine prava u Srbiji. Da li evropske institucije primarno pojačavaju normativni angažman kroz diskurs, a manje kroz konkretne aktivnosti usmerene na jačanje vladavine prava u Srbiji? Postoji li razlika između različitih vrsta normativne uloge EU i diskrepanca među institucijama Unije? Dodatni cilj rada jeste da ispita ulogu aktera poput studentskog pokreta, akademske zajednice i Nacionalnog konventa za Evropsku uniju u kontekstu normativnog preduzetništva i difuzije normi. U pogledu metoda, istraživanje kombinuje analizu sadržaja relevantnih dokumenata – rezolucije Evropskog parlamenta o Srbiji (maj 2025), izveštaja Evropske komisije o vladavini prava (jul 2025) i analizu diskursa septembarske plenarne debate Evropskog parlamenta. Autor konstatuje da stavovi navedenih institucija upućuju na rastuće nezadovoljstvo Evropske unije stanjem demokratije u Srbiji, a naročito vladavine prava, te da dosadašnje deklarativno i selektivno interesovanje za evropske integracije više ne predstavlja dovoljan dokaz o posvećenosti evropskom putu. U radu se zaključuje da protesti u Srbiji, kao manifestacija šire društveno-političke krize, u sadejstvu sa navedenim nedržavnim akterima, deluju kao korektivni mehanizam za normativnu moć EU, ukazujući na jaz između normativno orijentisanog narativa i primene. Kriza upućuje i na upitnu sposobnost Unije da doslednije primeni mehanizme uslovljavanja, pri čemu se uočava veća normativna doslednost Evropskog parlamenta nego Evropske komisije, uz pojedine naznake jačeg normativnog angažmana, prvenstveno kroz zaoštravanje narativa
AI Robotics' Contribution to Sustainable Development
Full text linkTwo different areas of engineering and technology are robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). With robotics acting as the body and artificial intelligence (AI) as the brain, the result is a robot that is artificially intelligent and capable of seeing, hearing, smelling, and walking, among other things. Therefore, robotics and artificial intelligence are two independent disciplines with different objectives and approaches. The study of robotics focuses on the mechanical components of machines, creating hardware that can carry out particular functions, such as a drone transporting items or a robotic arm constructing goods. For these systems to work, preprogrammed instructions are frequently required. In contrast, artificial intelligence (AI) encompasses software capable of learning, reasoning, and making decisions, which allows machines to respond to changing circumstances in real-time. As enterprises seek to increase operational efficiency, address labor shortages, optimize repetitive processes, and manage hazardous jobs or situations, demand for autonomous machines and AI-enabled robots is at an all-time high. AI-powered robots have the potential to make a number of industries more sustainable, including recycling, manufacturing waste reduction, pest detection and pesticide reduction in agriculture, climate change mitigation, and a variety of social applications to increase inclusivity and accessibility. AI robots will play an increasingly important role in sustainable development as technology develops, providing fresh answers to pressing global issues
Is the EU a Credible Normative Actor in Times of War? A Discourse Analysis of Its Response to Russia’s Invasion
Full text linkThe full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia in 2022 called into question the international identity of the European Union as a values-based actor. This paper examines the extent to which the Union has managed to maintain normative consistency and credibility in the context of war, drawing on the concepts of “normative power” and “securitisation theory” to interpret its offi cial discourse. The discourse analysis of EU institutions from 2022 to 2025 shows that democracy, human rights, and international law have remained constant anchor points in key political documents. However, these values increasingly appear in combination with language of security and strategic justifi cations, indicating a rhetorical shift – not a complete abandonment of fundamental principles, but certainly a reframing of them. The analysis shows that the EU has largely maintained its identity based on values, although elements of instrumentalising these norms to justify geopolitical decisions can be observed in the discourse. Such fi ndings raise new questions about how the EU’s role in the world is changing. Instead of maintaining a fi rmly defi ned normative identity, the Union is clearly adapting it to circumstances – especially in times of external crises. The Ukrainian case illustrates this clearly: the EU aims to balance its integration goals with realpolitik, thereby reshaping the way it positions itself on the international stage
Freedom of Expression of Judges and the Influence of Social Media
Full text linkThe jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and its recent decision (Żurek v Poland, application no. 39650/19), continues to shape standards for judges’ freedom of expression, including standards to protect judges who speak out against detrimental judicial reforms and use of social networks by judges. As new cases emerge and soft law instruments are developed, the topic remains highly relevant and will continue to pose challenges for judges in the years to come. Judges in some EU members States face unprecedented challenges to the rule of law, as evidenced by judicial reforms in countries like Poland and Hungary. The erosion of judicial independence and impartiality in this context underscores the importance of judges’ freedom of expression as a safeguard against threats to the rule of law. Raising awareness on this issue should equip judges with legal knowledge and procedural safeguards necessary to navigate the complexities of their professional roles while upholding fundamental principles of judicial independence and integrity. Furthermore, social networks have revolutionised communication in modern society, including judges. While use of social media by judges can enhance transparency and public engagement, it also raises concerns about the appropriateness of their communication, especially regarding impartiality. Judges must navigate the blurred lines between their private and public personas on social media platforms, as their actions and interaction can have implications for their perceived impartiality and judicial integrity. While there are articles devoted to the analysis of the judges’ freedom of expression in constitutional crises in this paper authors are providing a comparative analysis of social media usage guidelines for judges and jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights to identify a proper balance between exercising the freedom of expression by judges and the limitations posed by interest of judicial independence, impartiality and public trust in judiciary and specific issues relate to the use of social networks