Repositorium of Institute of International Politics and Economics
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WTO as a legal guarantor of international trade: manifested weaknesses and the beginning of the reform of the organization
No full textThe World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. In order to indicate the great importance that this organization has, in the introduction we are giving the basic facts of WTO’s origin and its importance in regulating international trade. The paper continues to provide insight into the WTO agreements that are negotiated and signed by the member countries, and documents which provide the rules for international commerce and bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits. All WTO members have joined the system as a result of negotiation and therefore membership means a balance of rights and obligations. The way the WTO functions and the basic principles on which all WTO agreements are based are explained in the third part. After that, the causes and areas in the system of the WTO that were particularly affected by the crises were analyzed. Three groups of problems are highlighted here: the crisis of negotiations, the crisis of dispute resolution system and decline in confidence. The fifth part is devoted to acknowledging the existence of a problem and the beginning of negotiations on WTO reform, where the solutions offered by individual countries are listed. In the conclusions, it was pointed out how much work this organization does, as well as the need for active participation of all interested parties in order to reach an acceptable solution to the WTO reform
Intergovernmental Organizations and Great Powers in the Multipolar World: The Issue of Confidence and the Impact on International Relations
No full textThe transformation of the structure of the world political system from unipolar to multipolar brings great changes and turbulence in international relations. Where are the international organizations in all this? On the one hand, trust in certain international organizations weakened during the pandemic. The statement of the US Secretary of State that the USA may never again fund the World Health Organization has opened this question too! The distrust of states - key players in world politics (among whom the US certainly is) in the honesty and functionality of international (or more precisely, intergovernmental) organizations can undermine their credibility and lead to a dramatic decline in confidence. Whom can they serve and what is the purpose of those institutions in general? At the same time, the rule that states are selfish was confirmed, i.e., that there is not much solidarity even in organizations like the EU, which further endangers their reputation. On the other hand, it is also shown that some international organizations are tragically dysfunctional, and therefore cannot influence the resolution of current crises and that they are in need of reform. This is primarily the case with the UN. On the third side, some international organizations such as the Council of Europe or the OSCE are becoming victims of a fierce confrontation between the key actors of international relations, as a result of which the question of their further purpose is opened. Nevertheless, despite all the problems faced by international organizations at this historical stage, it should be underlined that some other intergovernmental organizations are increasing their own influence (such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization or BRICS, for example). This research is devoted to the analysis of the current moment characterized by conflicts between the great powers (the USA and key Western European states on the one hand and the non-Western bloc led by Russia and China on the other) and the resulting decline in trust in international organizations, as well as the consequences of that approach. The presented theses practically confirm the postulates of the theory of neorealism in international relations (predominance of the principle of self-help, establishment of the balance of power, selfishness of states in an anarchic international environment)
European Public Prosecutor as an impetus for further supranationalization of the European law and Politics
No full textIn this article the establishment and the operation of the centralized European prosecution authority is put in the political context of the revived integrative processes. Its mission is to investigate, prosecute, and bring to justice (before national courts of member states) perpetrators of crimes affecting the financial interests of the European Union. The complex sui generis institutional setting and the powers of the European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO), that are essentially the product of the battle between contested agendas of supranationalism and intergovernmentalism, are analysed on the basis of legal texts, supplemented by general European studies literature. The aim is to determine, whether the new European prosecution authority is rightly considered to be a milestone in the process of centralization in the area of freedom, security and justice. The article concludes that there is room for the EPPO to evolve and adapt to changing political circumstances and emerging challenges in the realm of transnational criminal activities. Current institutional setup of the EPPO can undergo further expansion and adjustments so as to encompass additional “particularly serious crimes with a cross-border dimension”. Nevertheless, the issues of legitimacy over the additional conferral of powers to act in criminal matters to an EU body, should not be disregarded or overlooked
Pojam pogroma u praksi Evropskog suda za ljudska prava
No full textU svojoj praksi, Evropski sud za ljudska prava (ESLjP) je razmatrao niz slučajeva koji uključuju nasilje prema pripadnicima manjinskih
grupa u različitim kontekstima, a u nekima je tema bilo i kolektivno nasilje. Pogromi, kao najekstremniji oblik kolektivnog nasilja, predstavljaju
kršenje serije osnovnih prava proklamovanih u Evropskoj konvenciji o ljudskim pravima (EKLjP) uključujući prava na život (član 2, EKLjP), zaštitu
od nečovečnog i ponižavajućeg postupanja, kao i prava na poštovanje privatnog i porodičnog života (član 8, EKLjP), pravo na slobodu i sigurnost
(član 5, EKLjP) ili zabranu kolektivnog proterivanja iz člana 4, protokola 4
EKLjP, da navedemo samo neke. U slučajevima pred ESLjP u kojima se pojavljuje
pojam pogroma, ESLjP je naglasio potrebu za efikasnim mehanizmima zaštite manjina i obezbeđivanja adekvatnog sankcionisanja od strane države kada
su počinioci kolektivnog nasilja u pitanju. Ipak, uloga ESLjP je značajno
limitirana kada su sami pogromi u pitanju, pre svega zato što se pogromi u
praksi pojavljuju više kao kontekst određenog slučaja. Shodno tome, sud ne
ulazi u detaljnu analizu pojma pogroma, iako ga definiše u slučaju Taranenko
protiv Rusije. Pristup ESLjP i stepen analize pogroma u slučajevima u kojima se pojavljuje će biti analiziran u samom radu kroz relevantne slučajeve
poput Moldovan i drugi protiv Rumunije, Zaicesku i Falticinaenu protiv
Rumunije, Šarifi i drugi protiv Italije i ostalih
Quantum computing's potential impact on the global economy
Get PDFThe rapid advancement of new technologies enhances society and facilitates easier business,
education, collaboration, communication, and other aspects of people's life. Although it is
still in its early phases of development, quantum computing, which is strongly anchored in
quantum mechanics concepts, has immense potential to significantly impact the development
of numerous fields. Quantum computers have demonstrated that they can perform some tasks
tenfold quicker than traditional computers, and can solves problems that are too complicated
for traditional computation by leveraging quantum physics' distinctive features. This is due to
the fact that quantum computing uses the qubit as the fundamental unit of information rather
than the traditional bit. The primary feature of this alternative system is that it allows for the
coherent superposition of ones and zeros, the binary digits that underpin all computing. This
technology has the potential to alter businesses by addressing complex, intractable problems
that are now beyond the capabilities of traditional high-performance computers. The
development of quantum computing is increasingly showing the potential to revolutionize
many fields in the near future and greatly affect the global economy. The ability of this
technology to impact the world economy is represented not only in far greater speeds, but
also in precision and efficiency, allowing industries to benefit from complicated simulations
and optimizations
“The Global Health for peace Initiative”— a New Chance for a Change
Get PDF“There cannot be peace without health and health without peace,” are
the words of the World Health Organization (WHO) Director — Dr. Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus. With this, he announced a new initiative under the auspices
of the WHO — The Global Health for Peace Initiative. This initiative requires WHO
to improve its technical competencies, legitimacy, relationships and convening
power so as to develop innovative ways of addressing conflict, strengthen resilience
to violence and empower people to (re)build peaceful relations with each
other. The Global Health for Peace Initiative is WHO’s contribution to the growing
network of humanitarian assistance, long-term sustainable development, and
peacebuilding, as it was explained. Even though the idea of the nexus between
health and peacebuilding is not new, the innovative aspect of it is the experience
gained from the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this paper was, therefore, to
give a detailed interpretation of The Global Health for Peace Initiative and to see if
it would make a difference in the global context. This essay aimed to present the
Global Health for Peace Initiative and to assess whether it would have the necessary
capabilities to cope with the ongoing global crisis. The methodology which
was used throughout the article is, mostly, theoretical and descriptive research,
because the author aimed to provide more information about the Initiative itself,
based on the official document of the World Health Organization
Hrišćanski nacionalizam u SAD: priča o moći, granicama i poretku (Andrew L. Whitehead and Samuel L. Perry, Taking America Back for God: Christian Nationalism in the United States, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2020.)
No full textUloga Otvorenog Balkana u aktuelnim regionalnim odnosima iz perspektive strateške politike i evropskih integracija
No full textRegionalne inicijative sa ekonomskim predznakom nisu novina u međudržavnim odnosima. Većina ovih inicijativa imala je za cilj pospešivanje i dinamizaciju ekonomskih kretanja u jednom regionu, a time i dinamizaciju nacionalnih privreda država učesnica, imajući u vidu činjenicu da ekonomska saradnja između političkih entiteta u neposrednom okruženju umnogome doprinosi razvoju nacionalne privrede i tržišta upravo zbog logističkih mogućnosti, danas izuzetno važnih u regionalnim i međunarodnim ekonomskim kretanjima. Cilj ovog rada je analiza postojećih dostignuća u okvirima inicijative Otvoreni Balkan, njenih kapaciteta i mogućnosti, ali i dometa na regionalnom nivou, kao i u kontekstu evropskih integracija regiona. U skladu s tim, glavno istraživačko pitanje koje NAM se nameće u ovom radu jeste: Da li Otvoreni Balkan, kao ekonomska inicijativa, u strateškom smislu može pospešiti bolju spoljnopolitičku pozicioniranost Srbije i zemalja učesnica? U teorijskom smislu, značaj ovog rada pronalazimo u analizi uloge malih i mikro zemalja u regionalnim odnosima i u procesu evropskih integracija, koje u određenim okolnostima nastupaju zajednički kroz regionalne inicijative, kao i odgovora na pitanje koliko takve inicijative doprinose efikasnijem i efektivnijem realizovanju spoljnopolitičkih ciljeva malih i mikro subjekata
Perspektive odnosa EU i Rusije kroz prizmu rata u Ukrajini
No full textOdnose EU i Ruske Federacije tradicionalno karakteriše dihotomija saradnje i političkih sukoba. Istorija komplikovanog odnosa kakav imaju EU i Rusija, predstavlja zbir združenog dejstva većeg broja faktora, u uslovima složene političke, ekonomske i bezbednosne interakcije. U radu se analizira budućnost odnosa EU i Rusije, kroz prizmu ukrajinske krize i tekućeg oružanog sukoba, na temelju postavki neoklasične realističke teorije. Polazeći od tvrdnje da je rat u Ukrajini opterećene odnose EU i Rusije dodatno zaoštrio, nasilno ogolivši sporna pitanja, prisutna u različitim aspektima međusobnih odnosa, autorka analizira mogućnosti resetovanja odnosa EU i Rusije, ispitujući u tim okvirima preduslove za eventualnu smislenu koegzistenciju u vremenu koje predstoji. Na tom tragu, zaključuje se da su temeljno strateško preispitivanje uz podeljenu odgovornost sukobljenih aktera, u ovom slučaju EU i Rusije, polazna osnova za potencijalnu izgradnju manje konfrontirajućeg odnosa u doglednoj budućnosti. Iako u izazovnom trenutku, pronalaženje preduslova za održiv modus vivendi između EU i Rusije nameće se kao prioritet i verovatno jedini realan scenario za održivu koegzistenciju