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Li (Principle) Theory by Xue Xuan in the Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty
Get PDFXue Xuan interpreted Li (principle) and Qi (energy flow), Yin-Yang and Qi, movement and stillness on the theories of Zhou- Dunyi and Cheng Yi (Yinchuan), and placed them in his fundamental philosophy. He developed his theory by considering the Li and Qi by considering Li as subjective and Qi as objective. It indicates that the study of the Li theories added the elements of a modern discipline, and Xue Xuan committed to compiling the Li theories as a philosophy. Approaches to interpret Li and Qi play were the key in his study; however, he did not merely focus on these approaches but also added the nature of human beings to Li and Qi; thereby, he applied the theory to the structure of the generating of the universe and human affairs occurring in the society to control these generation and occurrence a posteriori. Xue Xuan valued practicing the Confucianism as well as philosophy itself as an authority of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty, because he had been more involved in the government as a bureaucrat as well as a mere Confucianist. His neo-Confucianism was developed on the traditional Confucianism, and, needless to say, the ground backing the theory was the Li theory. He did not completely separate Li, Confucianism and ethics. He interpreted the action of Li, Confucianism and ethics as inextricably linked. Xue Xuan took one step further in Manas in early Ming Dynasty. It shows the germination of the Manas Theory, which developed after the mid-Ming Dynasty.departmental bulletin pape
Recent results in the biologcal studies of aging and life span
Get PDF高齢社会への対応の基礎として、老化に関する最近の生物学的研究の成果を文献的に調査した。1990年代から、酵母、線虫、ショウジョウバエなどで、さらに2000年前後からマウスやラットで、老化制御に係わる遺伝子が同定され、遺伝子操作による長寿亜種も開発されている。これらの研究を通じて、単細胞から哺乳類まで、老化・寿命を制御する機構が驚くほど類似していて、進化の過程でよく保存されていることが判明した。 最近では、ホルモン・代謝系であるインスリン/IGF-1シグナル伝達経路の重要性が明らかになり、さらに、正常個体のエネルギー制御機構の新しい理解へと発展している。インスリン/IGF-1経路の最終分子であるFOXO転写調節因子に作用するサーチュイン蛋白が、老化や寿命制御の中心物質らしいことが判明し、この物質を活性化するポリフェノール類の影響が解明されつつある。不老不死の薬の実現も夢ではないかも知れない。Recent works on the biology of aging and life-span were reviewed. Studies using yeast, C.elegans and Drosophila revealed central importance of the insulin/IGF signaling pathway in the control of aging. It became evident that this mechanism of controlling aging and longevity of life was well preserved during the evolution. Surtuin proteins play a central role in the hormone/metabolic pathway of insulin/IGF-1 system. Poly-phenol, such as Resviratrol could be beneficial even for humans to activate surtuin and prevent aging.departmental bulletin pape
Reliability of Human Muscle Measure Ments Using a Soft Tissue Stiffness Meter
Get PDF(目的)本研究では，軟部組織硬度計による生体測定の信頼性について検討した．（方法）軟部組織硬度計(特殊計測社製；TK-03C)は荷重と変位を同時に測定することが可能なものを使用した．測定部位を脊柱起立筋，僧帽筋上部，内側ハムストリングス，内側腓腹筋の筋腹中央部とし，すべて右側を測定した．検査者は3名として，それぞれ3回反復測定させ，荷重5N，10N時の変位値(㎜)を求めた．また対象は，本研究に同意を得た整形外科的疾患の既往のない健常成人男性1名とし，検査者は，本研究に同意を得た，理学療法士3名とした．（結果）測定時の変動係数は，全て5%以下であった．検査者内信頼性は，3人全てがICC(1･1)=0.95以上であった．また，検査者間信頼性はICC(2･1)=0.98であった．（結語）今回使用した軟部組織硬度計は荷重と変位を同時に測定することが可能であり，さらにその信頼性も高いことから軟部組織硬度評価の定量的評価に活用できることが示唆された．(PURPOSE)We assessed the soft tissue stiffness meter (STSM; TOKUSHUKEISOKU Corporation, TK-03C, Japan) for inter/intra-rater reliability. This device measures load and displacement simultaneously.（METHODS）1 healthy subject (with no history of orthopedic problem). Three physical therapists measured the surface stiffness of fore human body parts; intrinsic back muscles, upper trapezius, hamstrings and gastrocnemius of medial side. We each took 3 consecutive readings using the STMS at the right site on each of the human body parts. We calculated the displacement for a load of 5N and 10N. （RESULT）The overall rating reliability for all sites was high; coefficient of variation (CV)<5.0. The intra-rater reliability of the three therapists were high showing an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (1･1) ≧0.95. The inter-rater reliability was also high; ICC( 2･1)= 0.98. (CONCLUSION)Thus, it seems that this STSM is a reliable and useful device for objective quantitative evaluation of soft tissue stiffness.departmental bulletin pape
An Analysis of Cognitive Images of an Athletic Trainer
Get PDF学生が現在持っているアスレティックトレーナー(AT)に対するイメージについて調査した。AT養成課程履修1年生80例(AT履修1年生)、AT養成課程履修2年生50例(AT履修2年生)及び高等学校運動部員1、2年生48例(高校運動部員)を対象とした。「身体に関する知識」「スポーツ外傷・障害予防に関する知識」「スポーツ外傷・障害予防の技術」「ウォーミングアップや疲労回復等の身体の調整(コンディショニング)技術」「安全に対する配慮・準備に対する態度」の重要性についてかなり高いと認識していた。知識面においては「身体に関する知識」は双方とも重要性を認識した。技術面においては「スポーツ外傷・障害予防の技術」は、AT履修1年生が重要性を認識した。「協力・責任・公正などの社会的態度」や「安全に対する配慮・準備に対する態度」ではAT履修1年生が重要性を認識し、高校運動部員は認識が低く、大きな差異がみられた。The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze the cognitive images that the freshmen and the sophomores at Ryotokuji University as well as high school athletes have in common or in different ways on what makes a well-qualified athletic trainer.
A list of 4 questionnaires covering 1)knowledge, 2)skills, 3) manners and attitudes, and 4)ways of improving was conducted for not only 80 freshmen and 50 sophomores at college but also 48 high school athletes in 2008. The results of 6 diagrams indicate how differently three levels of students show their interests in 4 categorical questionnaires. We might find these differentiations might be remarkable between college students and high school athletes, and not always among college students. Consequently college students can be better minded in terms of their cognitive images of an athletic trainer.departmental bulletin pape