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Evaluation of the Basic Seminar in the Nursing Sciences Basic Curriculum
Get PDF本研究報告は,学生の基礎ゼミナールでの実践を取り上げ,その意義と課題を明らかにすることを目的とした.対象は本学看護学科の1年生であり,育成効果は,学習行動目標の自己評価から読み取った.その結果,学生はゼミナールの活動を通じて自己成長を感じ取っていることが示唆された。This report of research took up practice in basic seminar, and aimed at clarifying the meaning and subject.
The object is a first grader of this department of the study science of nursing, and it read the training effect in the self-valuation of a learned behavior target.
As the result, it was suggested that the students takes in self growth through activity of a seminar.departmental bulletin pape
Nursing Education at Ryotokuji University (1) －Visions and Characteristics of the Department of Nursing Curriculum－
Get PDF近年の看護系大学が急増する社会状況の中で、新設の看護系大学である本学が他大学と共存し、また独自性・固有性をもつ大学であるためには、教育の神髄である「教育課程」に特色を持たせることが重要である。本学は健康科学部（理学療法学科・整復医療・トレ－ナ－学科）、芸術学部（美術学科）があり、平成23年4月健康科学部に看護学科が新しく設置された。そこで、本稿は、教員間の看護教育に対する共通理解を深めるとともに、学生の教授活動に役立てるために、看護学科の教育課程編成の考え方と特色に焦点をあて、本学における看護教育の特徴について述べることを目的とする。教育課程の編成にあたっては、既存学科の教育に対する考えや教育内容を生かすようにした。また看護学科の教育課程の特色として、本学の「医療と芸術の融合」の基本理念に基づき、豊富な教養科目、特に、芸術系の科目を組み込み、人間の持つやさしさや温かさの基本となる感性の教育を視野に入れたことである。さらに大学の教育理念や健康科学部の教育目的と看護学科の教育目的・目標の一貫性、看護実践能力を重視した臨地実習の考え方について述べた。加えて、教育課程と関連の深い入学者選抜（アドミッションポリシ－）、卒業要件、独自の教育方針である｢自律･自立の精神｣「知探心技の精神」について述べた。Changing social circumstances have seen a rapid increase in the number of universities with nursing programs over recent years. For our newly established university to stand among others and have originality and identity, it is important to have a distinctive curriculum—the essence of education. Our university has a Faculty of Health Sciences (Department of Physical Therapy and Department of Judo Therapy and Sports Medicine) and a Faculty of Art (Department of Fine Arts), and in April 2011 a Department of Nursing was established within the Faculty of Health Sciences. Our study aimed not only to promote better understanding of nursing education by teaching staff, but also to improve student education by focusing on the visions and distinctive characteristics behind the formation of the Department of Nursing curriculum and to define the characteristics of nursing education at our university. When we formed the curriculum, we aimed to utilize the visions and educational contents of the existing departments. Also, as a distinctive characteristic, we incorporated an abundance of liberal arts—especially arts subjects based on emotional awareness—in light of the fact that empathy-based education is the foundation of human kindness. This is in line with our essential philosophy of “synthesizing medicine and fine arts.” Furthermore, we emphasize the fact that our educational philosophy, the consistency of our educational objectives, the curriculum of the Faculty of Health Sciences and the Department of Nursing, and our clinical training are all focused on practical nursing ability. We also cover the admission policy, the academic requirements for graduation, and our unique educational policies of “a spirit of self-sufficiency and independence” and “knowing and inquiring of oneself and others.”departmental bulletin pape
Nursing Education at Ryotokuji University (2) －Including Fine Arts Education in the Nursing Curriculum－
Get PDFナイチンゲールの著書「看護覚書」の中で、看護師が患者に行う行為が「看護であること 看護でないこと」と明確に述べられている。それらの根底にあるのが、看護師が患者に対する感性を基本とした観察力であろう。その後、約100年の間に看護教育では数回の看護教育のカリキュラムの変更なされ、高度な技術とアセスメント機能をベースとした看護教育が目指され、学生の持てる能力と感性を基盤にし、実践的教育がなされた。
一方、芸術は、美しさ、安らぎ、激情、など感性に働きかける特徴がある。看護学を学ぶと同時に芸術を学ぶことは、感性を高め、看護の質を高いものにすることでもある。看護に芸術を取り入れることで、そこで表現された人の感情の機微を感じることができるよう「芸術と一般教養」の科目を他大学にないような特色としている。In Nightingale's Notes on Nursing, she makes a clear distinction between what is nursing and what is not. The essence of good nursing lies in the sensitive observation of patients. Over the past 100 and more years of nursing, nursing education curricula have been revised repeatedly, aimed towards the practical education of students with good grounding in sensitivity and skill, based on a high level of techniques and assessment ability.
Fine art, on the other hand, is characterized by the employment of such sensitivities as consolation, beauty, and passion. The increased sensitivity gained by studying fine art in tandem with nursing in turn raises the quality of the nursing skills instilled in students. This method of teaching nursing skills combined with liberal arts that allows students to gain an appreciation of human emotions can be considered the special characteristic of this university, setting it apart from others.departmental bulletin pape
Verbs of Emission as Motion Verbs
Get PDFある音の放出を表す音放出動詞は，方向を表す前置詞句ととともに用いられると(i)のように移動動詞として解釈されるが，音を発するという点では同じに見える動物音声動詞や発話様態動詞は移動動詞としての解釈をもたない．
(i) The cart rumbled down the street.
（カートがゴロゴロと音を立てながら通りを動いていった．）
(ii)*The duck quacked down the path.
（アヒルがガアガアいいながら小道を進んでいった．）
(iii)*He yelled down the street.
（彼は叫び声を上げながら通りを進んでいった．）
本稿では，音放出動詞が移動動詞として容認され，(ii)，(iii)にあるような動詞が移動動詞として容認されない理由を，生成語彙論で提案されている特質構造を検討することで明らかにする．そして，音を放出する物体と放出される音の存在を表す音放出動詞の特質構造の特性と本稿で「事象の特定性制約」と呼ぶ，「意味表示で表される活動は，特定の事柄のみに関与できる」という一般的な原理である「行為の連鎖」に基づいた制約でこの動詞クラスの移動動詞としての解釈が許されることを示す．In this article we deal with verbs of emission in the motion-verb use and argue that their motion-verb interpretation derives from the interaction between the qualia structure specific to the emission verbs and the semantic restriction concerning to the notion of “action chain”. Verbs of sound emission, which express the emission of a certain sound, function as motion verbs when they co-occur with directional PPs, as is shown in (i). On the contrary, verbs of sounds made by animals and verbs of manners of speaking as seen in (ii) and (iii), which are also related to sound, do not work as motion verbs even if they co-occur with directional PPs.
(i) The cart rumbled down the street.
(ii)*The duck quacked down the path.
(iii)*He yelled down the street.
We explain the difference in acceptability of (i)-(iii), in terms of qualia structure and the semantic restriction. Qualia structure plays an important role in the theory of “generative lexicon”; the semantic restriction that an activity represented in the semantic representation of verbs can be related to only one specific event is a natural consequence of the notion of the action chain. The qualia structures of the verbs in (ii) and (iii) contain an activity subevent. This type of activity subevent cannot combine with PP’s subevent representing movement, since activities represented by the activity subevent are for quacking or yelling. Thus, these verbs are not interpreted as motion verbs. On the other hand, in the qualia structure of emission verbs an activity subevent, which is related to emitting sound, is not activated, since only entities that do not do any activities of themselves are selected as sound emitters for these verbs. Therefore, qualia structures of emission verbs and of PPs combine with each other, which yields a semantic representation for motion verbs.departmental bulletin pape
Change in Confusion Experienced in Terminal Care by General Ward Nurses
Get PDF一般病棟でターミナルケアを実践している看護師のとまどいの変化を明らかにすることを目的とし，看護師6名に半構成的面接を行ない，質的統合法（KJ法）を用いて分析した．その結果，ターミナルケアを実践している看護師のとまどいは２つあり，【経験が浅いことにより生じるとまどい】から，【経験を重ねることによる自分の看護への限界】へと変化する事が明らかになった．このことから，経験年数によるとまどいの変化に応じた院内教育プログラムの開発が必要であることが示唆された．The purpose of this study was to clarify changes in the confusion experienced by nurses conducting terminal care in a general ward. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six nurses. The analysis of the data was based on the qualitative integration method (KJ method). The results suggest that there are two types of confusion, “confusion from having little experience” and “confusion from recognizing the limitations of their care” and by gaining experience confusion progressed from the former to the latter. From this, it is suggested that the educational program of a hospital should be developed with consideration of this change of confusion according to years of experience.
Keywords：Terminal care, General Ward, Confusion, Nursedepartmental bulletin pape
Finding Direction for Support of Single Caregivers Through Analysis of Crisis Situations and Crisis Avoidance Factors －Based on the crisis model of Aguilera & Messick－
Get PDF本研究の目的は、年々増加している介護殺人や虐待などの社会背景から、特に課題の多いシングル介護形態の危機的な現状を明確にし、今後の支援の方向性を見出すことである。
現在シングル介護中の男女へのインタビューを基に、危機回避のターニングポイントとなる要因を、Aguilera & Messickの危機モデルに基づいて分析した。
結果、危機回避に向けた支援の方向性として、事象の認知方法を含めたコーピング行動促進、介護開始前からの情報提供、介護開始初期の支援・調整などが重要なポイントであること、および、介護殺人や虐待の加害者の約7割が男性であるが、男女の介護・介護生活に対する認知方法や意味づけの違いがその要因の一つとして示唆された。The purpose of this research is to pinpoint the turning point factor which can avoid the crisis that leads to abuse or homicide by a single caregiver, cases of which have recently been increasing rapidly, and to find out the direction for supporting them.
Based on interviews of men and women presently conducting “single care”, the factors outlining the turning point between a critical condition and crisis avoidance were analyzed based on the crisis model of Aguilera & Messick.
Result: As potential means of support towards achieving crisis avoidance, promotion of various coping actions including recognition of the situation, receiving information prior to commencing care, providing support and slight adjustments in early stages of the care program, etc. are important points, and, as about 70 percent of the cases of care homicide and abuse are committed by males, the differences between men and women in terms of the methods used for recognizing and for placing significance on care and caregiver lifestyle were suggested as one of factors.departmental bulletin pape
Approach of Early Rehabilitation into Society in the Northwest Hospital
Get PDFアメリカのリハビリテーションプログラムの一部で用いられているEasy Street®とは、日常生活に必要な施設の一部を再現した施設の総称である。今回，著者は，Easy Street®を取り入れているアメリカのNorthwest hospitalを視察した。Easy Street®を用いたリハビリテーションプログラムを早期から行うことで、日常生活に即したアプローチが行える。このことは、身体機能の向上だけではなく、自宅復帰後の生活に対する患者の不安を軽減できると考えられる。日本においても，この様な早期に社会復帰を目指せるリハビリテーションプログラムを今後も検討していく必要がある。Easy Street® is the collective name of a facility that reproduces within a medical institution various environments necessary for daily life. This is a report on observations of the Easy Street® at North Hospital and Medical Center in the United State of America. The rehabilitation programs utilizing Easy Street seem to be able not only to improve physical functions but also to reduce the anxiety of returning to community life after discharge from their rehabilitation program. Implementation of rehabilitation programs such as Easy Street that facilitate community integration at an early stage of rehabilitation should be considered in Japan.departmental bulletin pape
Studies on Mato Cells in Brain
Get PDF蛍光性顆粒周囲細胞（FGP cells）がラットおよびヒト脳の細血管壁に認められる。この細胞の持つ顆粒が蛍光顕微鏡下で黄色の自然蛍光を有し、Virchow-Robin腔に分布するなどからfluorescent granular perithelial (FGP) cells （蛍光性顆粒周囲細胞）と名付けた。さらに、その細胞の微細構造を観察すると、若齢期では顆粒が電子密度の高い充実性の構造をしているが、加齢により空胞化し、高齢では泡状を呈する。FGP細胞は免疫組織化学的には、マクロファージの表層抗原を持ち、スカベンジャー受容体陽性細胞でもある。これらのことから、血液脳関門(blood-brain barrier) の機能に深く関わり、脳内のスカベンジャー細胞としての役割を担っていることが明らかになった。現在、この蛍光性顆粒周囲細胞（FGP細胞）はMato cell (間藤細胞) と呼ばれている。The fluorescent granular perithelial cells (FGP cells) of rats and humans were found in the perivascular space around fine cerebral blood vessels. Their profiles and intracellular inclusions varied with the age. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that scavenger receptors are expressed only in FGP cells, and some surface markers of macrophage are also detected. These results indicate involvement of FGP cells in the blood-brain barrier and scavenger functions in the central nervous system. This FGP cells are named as Mato cells.departmental bulletin pape