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Sustainable Solid Waste Management
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe study conducted was an investigation of the challenges of sustainable Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Lusaka, Zambia’s capital. The problem of SWM has become more complicated and requires sustainable long-term programs for its solution as less than 20% of the solid waste collected was disposed of properly. Lusaka lacked proper SWM strategies. For this study, data collection comprised of naturalistic observations at the main dumpsite in Lusaka and questionnaires to nine waste enterprises mandated to collect waste in addition to the Lusaka City Council (N = 10). The study focused on understanding the current situation of sustainable SWM, particularly the waste treatment process after disposal. Results revealed several challenges affecting an efficient sustainable waste management system, which were primarily highlighted as; lack of waste separation at source, insufficient funds and lack of equipment. All the private companies interviewed indicated that their role in SWM was basically in collection and disposal. Most private companies indicated that they were secondary waste collectors, whereas majority of the Community Based Enterprises (CBEs) were primary collectors. From the research findings, treatment of solid waste was conducted at very minimal rates and not sustainable. At the dumpsite, the machinery was out of service facilitating indiscriminate dumping rather than use of the landfill method.articl
Challenges and Potentials of Ecological Sanitation: Experiences from the Cases in Vietnam and Malawi
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe world’s sanitation systems must be up to the challenge of addressing the global crises of water shortages and food insecurity in the face of a growing population. To help address these problems, ecological sanitation (Ecosan), which typically involve the use of urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) and the application of excreta in agriculture, can be employed. This paper discusses the challenges and potentials of the Ecosan approach in terms of 3 essential requirements—continuous defecation use, reduction of health risk, and use of excreta—by examining 3 cases of Ecosan use in Vietnam and Malawi. The experience with traditional Ecosan in rural Vietnam suggests that dry sanitation practices that apply Ecosan are effective at reducing fecal contamination in the surrounding water environment, thereby reducing the health risk from unavoidable accidental ingestion of contaminants. However, current sanitization processes involving the application of manure to agricultural products represent a significant health risk challenge. The experience with modern UDDTs in rural Vietnam suggests that they can be continuously used for defecation for long periods of time without intervention, while there remain major challenges to continuous use from physical damage to the UDDT structures. The proper management of fecal chambers can successfully control the offensive odors that are a source of wide concern. In rural Malawi, the introduction of modern UDDTs successfully fostered a demand for the use of feces by raising the perception of its value in agriculture and through an integration of the Ecosan project into an agricultural technology transfer program. Urine use, by contrast, did not gain a wide acceptance, suggesting that raising an awareness of the effects of urine on agriculture is a key challenge. Thus, although some challenges still need to be overcome, 3 cases of Ecosan showed bright potentials of the Ecosan approach from the 3 essential requirement.articl
JOURNAL OF KIJUTSUKEN（Descriptive Linguistics Study Group）No. 12
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ミャンマーの人虎伝：ジンポー語による民話テキスト ............ 倉部 慶太 1
在独彝語文献調査報告 .......................................... 岩佐 一枝 21
カムチベット語塔公 [Lhagang] 方言における間投詞と談話標識 .................................................... 鈴木 博之・四郎翁姆 31
[書評] 仁増旺姆（著）《迭部藏語研究》北京：中央民族大學出版 社、2013 年、3+245pp. ＋１地図 ............................. 鈴木 博之 43
民和土族語における帯気性の対立の音声的特徴 .................. 植田 尚樹 51
[書評] 海老原志穂（著）『アムド・チベット語文法』 東京：ひつじ書房、2019 年、xxiv+374pp. ..................... 鈴木 博之 71
モンゴル語ホルチン方言の談話テキスト (1) ........................ 外賀 葵 81
スワヒリ語トゥンバトゥ方言の談話資料—炒められたマカメの冒険— 古本 真 99
台湾華語における助動詞「yˇou(有)」をもつ文の時間的解釈 ......... 鄭 雅云 141
モーラン・カドゥー語の民話「金持ちと貧乏人の息子」 .......... 藤原 敬介 161
ドム語の「一」を表はす形式とその用法について —同一性、唯一性、非現實性、個々別々性、不定性、特定性— 千田 俊太郎 175
ハイスラ語の語彙的接尾辞について —身体部位接尾辞の使用に関する諸観察— .......... ワットゥクンプ テロ 205
西日本諸方言にお け る アスペクト 体系 の バリエーション —YORU・TORU・TERU の記述を中心に— .................. 鴨井 修平 223articl
A narrated folktale in Kitumbatu －The adventures of Makame the Fried－
Get PDFapplication/pdfIn this article, I transcribe recorded material, in which, for the most part, a folktale is told in the Kitumbatu dialect of Swahili. In the coastal areas of Eastern Africa, there are several language varieties regarded as local dialects of Swahili (cf. Nurse & Hinnebusch 1993). Kitumbatu is one of these, spoken by people on Tumbatu Island, off the northwest tip of Unguja, as well as the ancestors of Tumbatu immigrants in some part of northern Unguja. There are two wards on Tumbatu, Gomani and Jongowe, and the main speaker of the narrative is from the latter.
In this narrative material, there are a number of linguistic features which have previously not been described (cf. Stude 1995, Takemura 1999, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017, Baraza la Kiswahili la Zanzibar 2012). These features suggest not only that the description of Kitumbatu is incomplete as of yet, but also that there is dialectal variation within the varieties summarised as ‘Kitumbatu’. The main purpose of this article is to share primary linguistic data which contributes to advancing the description of Kitumbatu.articl
