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News Letter No.7
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01. PLより「Sanitation Value Chain (SVC) 誌」
02. 2020年4月-6月のイベント／〈開催報告〉第1回プロジェクト全体会合 / 日本アフリカ学会フォーラム
03. 〈開催報告〉第2回女性のサニテーション研究会 / RIHN-LIPI合同国際ミニウェビナー
04. 2020年4月-6月の業績
05. 業績の続き／農園プロジェクトVol.6othe
Latrine Development in Thailand
Get PDFapplication/pdfMillions of people in developing countries are still using open spaces for defecation. Such practice often leads to the spread of infectious diseases and risk of death. Despite much effort to change this unsanitary practice by governments and international agencies, challenges remain in many parts of the developing world today. Although there is no one model for latrine development that fits all, lessons from successful cases can be learned by countries currently striving to increase latrine coverage. This study focuses on how a developing country such as Thailand has come to succeed in latrine development. The analysis is based on documentary data supplemented with interviews of purposively selected key informants. Results of the analysis reveal that the success of latrine development in Thailand is facilitated by a number of key factors including: (1) Strong policies through which resources, man power and materials needed for latrine development can be provided; (2) Integration of latrine development into the overall health and sanitation development process, which makes the campaign meaningful among the target people; (3) Appropriate approach and strategies for implementing the project; (4) Adequate health facilities needed for effective execution of latrine development; and (5) The people’s willingness to participate as a result of changing knowledge and attitude about the health benefits of using latrines. With the goal of universal latrine coverage achieved, Thailand is now moving forward to improve latrine quality in all sectors and the proper management of fecal sludge. Based on Thailand’s experience some recommendations are provided for countries currently striving to achieve universal latrine coverage.articl
Preface to the Special Issue on Technologies for Making Sanitation Value Chain
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Effects of Shallow Water Table on the Construction of Pit Latrines and Shallow Wells in the Informal Settlements of Kisumu City
Get PDFapplication/pdfKisumu city, like many cities in the developing world, has increased burden of urban informal settlements where access to basic sanitation and water remain a challenge. Despite several studies focussing on sanitation and water situation within Kisumu environment, elaborate research on the influence of shallow water table on the construction of facilities and quality of structures has however not been extensively reported. In order to discuss potential implications of sanitation facility quality on public health in the informal settlements, this study characterised sanitation facilities by depth and quality of superstructure, analysed association between depth of pit latrines and types, and between depth of pit latrines and shallow wells (SWs). The study targeted five urban informal settlements in Kisumu city namely Nyalenda A, Nyalenda B, Manyatta B, Manyatta A and Obunga, and two peri-urban informal settlements of Korando and Kogony. The study involved physical ground surveys on all SWs in the study area and convenience sampling of toilet facilities within 30 m radius to the water points. Analysis was carried descriptively and with the help of GIS spatial analysis tool. A total of 100 SWs and 400 pit latrines were studied. Our findings revealed some evidence of the influence of shallow water table on the construction quality and depth of pit latrines and SWs both in the urban informal settlements and those of the peri-urban. The mean depth of pit latrines and SWs in the urban informal settlements ranged from 0.25 m–3.8 m and 0.0 m–4 m, respectively, while peri-urban areas ranged from 3.5 m–8.1 m and 7.6 m–14.4 m. The study also established that most pit latrines were raised to a mean height of 0.25 m–0.5 m above ground. Analysis of depth revealed that the depth of pit latrines and shallow wells in the urban informal settlements were overlapped while those of the peri-urban were not overlapped. Moreover, majority of pit latrines in the urban informal settlements were raised by an average 0.25 m–0.5 m above mean ground level, a strategy, identified by residents, to overcoming the double challenge of flooding and cross contamination. Overall, the study established that, where construction depth of both pit latrines and shallow wells is limited, the incentive to construct quality pit latrines or SWs lessens, the possible reason for the prevalence of low quality and less durable facilities in the urban informal settlements as opposed to peri-urban areas where deeper and improved pit latrines and wells exist. In conclusion, the high prevalence of poor-quality pit latrines and SWs in the informal settlement predisposes residents in these settlements to public hygiene challenges with potential escalation during floods. Creation of awareness on improved toilet facilities with potential of withstanding the challenges of raised water table and frequent flood risks is recommended in the short term while development of specific toilet construction guidelines concerning depth and superstructure recommended on the long term.articl
Effects of Human Urine and Ecosan Manure on Plant Growth and Soil Properties in Central Nepal
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe effects of human urine and ecosan manure on crop productivity and soil chemical properties were studied using a randomized block experimental design in the households’ farm at three sites (Angare, Bhot Khoriya, and Deurali) of the Palung Village Development Committee, Nepal. Cauliflower was planted in 2017 and 2018 with five treatments: Control (C), Chemical fertilizer (CF), Urine (U), Ecosan manure + Urine (E+U), and Ecosan manure (E) during rainy season. The biomass of the plant after three weeks of transplant and after harvest was calculated to analyze the role of the treatments in cauliflower productivity. Chemical analysis was conducted to understand nutrient uptake and efficiency in the different treatments. It was observed that cauliflower yield was significantly higher in E+U and E treatments in Bhot Khoriya and Deurali and increased by 51% and 58% in Angare. Higher Potassium (K) uptake by plants from the E treatments was might be due to higher concentration of K in ecosan manure. Apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) of Nitrogen (N) increased from 9% to 115% due to the incorporation of urine and ecosan manure indicating that urine was a better source of N whereas human faeces were the better source of Phosphorus (P). Higher amount of urine applied might lead to overflow of urine contributing to volatilization and leaching. To minimize such effect, the application of a moderate amount of urine in combination with ecosan is recommended to have a significant effect on crop growth.articl
News Letter No.8
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01. TLリレー執筆「サニテーションという語をめぐって」中尾世治
02. 2020年7月-9月のイベント／〈開催報告〉特別講演会（渡辺知保氏） / 第2回プロジェクト全体会合
03. 〈開催報告〉ウェビナー特集（カメルーン・インドネシア・ザンビア）
04. 2020年7月-9月の業績
05. 業績の続き／事務局よりothe
びわ湖の水草 Newsletter No.3
Get PDFapplication/pdf環境自治の実現にむけて〜3 年間を振り返って〜 近藤 康久 総合地球環境学研究所
小さな活動を大きな意味につなげる 中原 聖乃 総合地球環境学研究所
まちづくりを考えるとはどういうことか 熊澤 輝一 総合地球環境学研究所othe
