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Influence of Photoperiodic Levels of Skin Melatonization in Heteroclarias Fingerlings in Relation to Water Physico-chemical properties in Minna,
No full textAn 8-week experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of photoperiodic levels on skin color of laboratory reared Heteroclarias fingerlings. Artificial lightning was used to simulate a range of photoperiod namely, continuous light period (24L: 0D), total darkness (24D: 0L), 12 hours of darkness and 12 hours of light (12D: 12L) and normal day and night period (control, i.e. ambient photoperiod). Adequately replicated representative number of Heteroclarias fingerlings were exposed to the various photoperiods and monitored for eight weeks. Results of physical observation of the fishes, following recommended fish skin color grading revealed that fingerlings reared in 24D: 0L had the darkest skin color, while those exposed to 24L: 0D had the lightest skin color. In addition, the fingerlings exposed to normal day and night period (control) had a light skin color while those exposed to 12L: 12D had a dark skin color. The physico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, ammonia, biological oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen concentration were within the recommended range for fish culture and also indicated no significant differences(p>0.05) in all the treatments throughout the experimental period irrespective of photoperiodic condition. It is hoped that the findings of this study will guide commercial fish farmers in raising Heteroclarias fish according to the preferences of market demand with respect to skin color
Deregulation of Nigeria’s Natural Resources Sector as a Catalyst for National Development
No full textFor over 40 years Nigeria's economy was driven by petroleum. During this period, her influence in Africa soared. It peaked in the 1970s and 80s, so much so that she spent oil money on the decolonization of certain countries in Africa. Natural Resource in Nigeria is owned by the people, but administered for the overall benefit of Nigerians by government. This precious natural gift lost its pride of place when the worth of petroleum dipped in the international market. Prior to this economic decline, Nigeria adopted a near socialist system by operating a subsidy regime. Because what belongs to government belongs to no specific person, Nigerian past leaders became profligate. A public property is nobody's property and can be misused and mismanaged. So, Natural Resources is a gift from God to be used to develop a given area or country for the betterment of the people. Natural Resources can be better harnessed by private enterprise. Thus, deregulation in the least, or outright privatization is the best option in maximizing natural resources
A Critical Evaluation of the Problems of Income Tax Enforcement Procedures in the Nigerian Tax System
No full textLooking at the Nigerian tax system, the existence of the various tax laws in Nigeria provide for an effective tax administration. However, the country is always faced with problems of income tax enforcement procedures. The government (Federal, States and Local) and their agencies, the taxing authorities are faced with problems concerning the procedure for collection and administration of taxes as well as problem of enforcing the tax laws. These problems are largely administrative, statutory, judicial and to some extent, political in nature, It is only when all the stake holders mentioned above put all hands on deck to tackle these problems by making effective tax enforcement mechanisms under the Nigerian tax laws that laudable progress can be achieved
A Review of Income Tax Relief In Nigeria: Rationale and Considerations
No full textThere have for sometime been complaints upon complaints of multiplicity of taxes in Nigeria with less focus being made on the various windows open for the tax Payers to exist through, inform of reliefs (as breathing spaced). It is for the reason that this scholar thought of highlighting some of those windows provided in favour of the tax payers in the various tax laws/ legislation in Nigeria
An Overview of the Legal Challenges in the Administration of Property Tax in Nigeria
No full textLand is the most important resource any individual or government can own. It is for this reason that it attracts a lot of attention and interests leading to conflicts. Consequently, laws are made to protect the land and the various interests conflicting over it. That is what motivated this scholar to look into some of those areas (of interests and conflicts) to highlight them and the relevant laws, observations and make recommendations for the minimization of such conflicts so as to enhance economic activities in the country
Removal of Lead by Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From E-Waste Dumpsite.
No full textSoil samples obtained from e-waste dumpsite in Kansuwan Gwari, Minna, Nigeria were used for the isolation of microorganisms used in lead (Pb) biosorption studies. The soil sample was cultured for the test organisms (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). Box Behnken design was used to optimize the removal of lead by the test organisms. The factors used in the Box Behnken design included: temperature, pH and lead concentration. For Bacillus subtilis, the analysis of variance for the response(lead removal) gave a probability value of 0.651 for the regression, which showed the model was not quite fit for the design since the p-value(0.651) was greater than 0.05. For Staphylococcus aureus, the results of the analysis of variance for the response indicated that the probability value of 0.983 for the regression showed that the model was not a good fit for the design since the p-value (0.983) was equally greater than 0.05. More models could be applied to various fields in microbiology as it reduces the time for lengthy experiments and tends to narrow the experiment to how effectively the results can be achieved. This study can be applied to the bigger picture of the effective pH, temperature and other parameters for the clean-up of pollution in the environment
An Appraisal of the Ownership Theories of Oil and Gas with Particular Reference to Nigeria and the United States of America (USA)
No full textThe ownership of natural resources in Nigeria, with particular reference to oil and gas, has become topical, sensitive, sensational, preponderant and vexatious. This is so because, even when there are other sources for earning national wealth, none provides as much as 80% of foreign earnings. This is why the nation reels from the effect of any hiccup in both local and international oil markets. The clamour for resource control is either caused by the type of ownership of natural resources that a country practices for example, as in Nigeria where the Niger Delta Region feels that the government ownership of natural resources (oil and gas) is a deprivation of their right to the natural resources located in their land and/or the desire to appropriate the revenue realized therefrom. In the world, two main types of natural resource ownership exist. They are private ownership and public ownership. These ownership theories will be examined with a view to ascertaining their suitability and preference. A middle course of natural resource ownership exists in which both the government and/or private individuals own resources pari passu (side by side). This paper looks essentially at the two common types of ownership of oil and gas viz public ownership and private ownership. This is with a view to providing adequate information that will enable unbiased Judgement as to which practice is best suitable for Nigeria to adopt. Nigeria and the United States of America are countries where public an ; private ownerships of oil and gas are obtained/practised respectively
Assessment of Water Contamination in Nigeria-Review
No full textHuman exercises including industrialization and agricultural practices contributes significantly to the degradation and contamination of environment which contrarily affects the water bodies (streams and sea) that is a need forever. Universally, water contamination is a noteworthy issue far and wide. However aquatic
resources comprises of greatly extensive variety of flora and fauna resources which offer an expansive exhibit of products with potential utilitarian application in farming and industries which renders profitable advantages and services. The slow poising of the waters is seen in Nigeria and the decimation of vegetation and agricultural land by industrial effluents release, agricultural release and oil spills. Regardless of general society and worldwide organizations' arrangement concentrate on this issue, the circumstance in Nigeria appears deteriorating and in this manner requests earnest and prompt considerations
The Role of the Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs in Unifying Muslims in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges
No full textThe Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (NSCIA) was purposely created, inter alia, to unite the Nigerian Muslim individuals and organisations, to guide on the correct practice of Islam, to mediate in wrangling among Muslim faithful, which usually lead to intra and inter religious violence and to harmonise the major religious celebrations in the country. Being the highest Islamic organisation in the country, this paper looks at some of the achievements of the Council as well as various challenges facing it, in order for it to strategise and make amendments where necessary. The paper thereby offers some suggestions/recommendations on the way forward for the Council to be better positioned in order to meet the aspirations of the Nigerian Muslims and thus become an organisation they will be proud of
Environmental Management and Uses of Vinasse-Review
No full textVinasse is the fluid waste material got from the fermentation procedure of alcohol refining, from crude materials, for example, maize, beet, molasses or juices of cassava, sugarcane, among others by the utilization of yeasts at a proportion of 12-15 liters for each liter of alcohol which has inorganic and organic loads. Vinasse is used in farming for cheap supplements sources, enhancing specialists and animal feed past the confinement of high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and aggregate dissolved salts content even after the toxin expulsion treatment. This substance has a low pH and high COD, which can bring about environmental desertification when unpredictably utilized as compost. Likewise, underground water pollution is being seen in a few districts