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Microbiological and Sensory Attributes of Water Melon Juice and Watermelon-orange Juice Mix
No full textJuice was produced from watermelon and stored at room (28±2°C) and refrigeration (8°C) temperatures and was analyzed for its microbiological and nutritional qualities. The total aerobic bacterial, coliform, mold and yeast counts increased with time. Total aerobic bacterial counts ranged from 1.5×102 to 3.6×103 for water melon juice (WM), 1.3×103 to 2.3×102 for water melon/orange juice mix (WO) and 1.0×103 to 2.9×102 for commercially packaged juice (ST). Coliform counts were 1.0×103 to 2.9×102 for WM, 2.1×102 to 2.3×103 for WO and no counts were recorded for ST, while the yeast counts ranged from 2.4×102 to 2.6×103 for WM, 2.4×103 to 3.2×103 for WO and 0 to 1.2×102 for ST. Bacteria isolated were Bacillus sp. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp., while the mold isolates were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Mucor sp. The yeast isolate was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vitamin C and total solid contents decreased with time while total titratable acidity and ash content increased on storage in freshly made juice samples, commercially packaged juice which served as a control showed negligible changes. The general acceptability tests revealed that the commercially packaged juice (ST) was preferred on account of taste and flavor while water melon juice (WM) was preferred based on colour. The water melon/orange juice mix (WO) was however, not preferred because of colour, flavor and taste
Bioremoval of Zinc in Polluted Soil using Acalypha inferno
No full textThis study was to assess the Phytoextraction of Acalypha inferno for Zinc (Zn) contaminated soil. Stems were planted in five kilograms (5 kg) of the soil placed in each plastic pot having 0 ppm (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm of Zn. The experiment was on for a period of 12 weeks. The results revealed that pH, phosphorous and moisture contents increased while nitrogen and organic carbon contents decreased in polluted soil remediated with Acalypha inferno. The plant
compartments were analyzed for Zn uptake. Appreciable concentrations of Zn in different compartment of the plant was recorded, 7.12, 7.10 and 9.06 ppm for stem, root and leave, respectively. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was assessed. It was observed that more concentration of Zn was translocated from the roots to the leaves. The results obtained suggest that Acalypha inferno have phytoextraction ability and could be used in restoring
soil polluted with zinc (Zn)
Phycoremediation of Manganese by Spirogyra and Richterella sp. Isolated from Pond
No full textHeavy metals are non degradable pollutants and must be removed or reduced to acceptable limits before discharging into the environment to avoid threats to living organisms. This study was carried out to assess Manganese removal efficiency of Richterella and Spirogyra species isolated from ponds. The Manganese
removal efficiency of the two algae were investigated for the period of 28 days at room temperature (28±2ºC) and regular light. The percentage Manganese removal on day 28 by Richterella specie was 90.3% and 87.1% by Spirogyra species. The optimum phycoremediation pH was 9 which recorded the same value of Manganese removal as above. The rate of removal of Manganese on day 14 by Richterella species was 89.4% and 86.1% by Spirogyra specie. Richterella and Spirogyra species were found to be effective in Manganese removal but Richterella species was more effective. Therefore the use of Richterella species for phycoremediation of Manganese should be encouraged
SITUATIONS OF THE AL-MAJIRI SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN CONTEMPORARY NIGERIA: MATTERS ARISING
No full textLike any other traditional system of education in other parts of the Muslim world, the al Majiri system in Nigeria used to be a decent and reputable scheme that produced eminent
scholars and policy makers. It mustered support and solidarity from all stakeholders and propelled the nation to enviable status in literacy, social, diplomatic and economic spheres, to mention a few. Its prominence however took a nosedive with the arrival of the British who hijacked the administrative power in the land and relegated all religious and traditional structures to the background. The upshot of this scenario paved the way for all forms of adulteration being smeared on the system today, which denigrates the whole structure. Numerous social vices are being linked to the managers and pupils of the scheme, which inevitably provoked calls for its abolition from some quarters. This paper holistically examines the scheme and scrutinises its operability, viability and sustainability for today's world. Besides being historical and analytical in its disposition, the paper exploits the philosophical method in proffering practicable suggestions on how the scheme could be properly managed and integrated into the modern system of education to realise its objectives
Treatment of Pharmaceutical Effluent by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii Isolated from Spoilt Water Melon
No full textA study was designed to assess the efficacy of yeast isolated from spoilt water melon in the biological treatment of pharmaceutical effluent. There were two yeast species identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii. Each of the yeast was inoculated into the effluent and incubated for 15 days. Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows the highest percentage reduction of 52.5%, 52.5% and 58.7% for BOD, COD and nitrate respectively of the pharmaceutical effluent and closely followed by the consortium which has 44.5%, 44.5% and 72.0% for BOD, COD and nitrate reduction, respectively. The least percentage reduction was displayed by Torulaspora delbrueckii with 38.3%, 38.3% and 79.7%. The study revealed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from spoilt water melon could be used in the biological treatment of pharmaceutical effluent
On Misconceptions about the Application of the Shari’ah in Nigeria
No full textE-ProeedingsThe “reintroduction” of the Shariʽah Penal Code in some northern states of Nigeria has continued to generate mixed reactions from different angles of the Nigerian society. This paper attempts to explore the various arguments which are usually canvassed by opponents and proponents of the application of the Islamic Law in the country, in order to unveil some of the factors responsible for the misconceptions associated with the said issue. It reviews the philosophy and fundamental principles of the Islamic Law, it also examines the status of non-Muslims under the system and the operability of such a body of law in the Muslim life despite the multi-religious nature of the Nigerian society. Observation, Interaction and interview with some stakeholders in the affected states formed the basis of the methodology adopted in the paper, which in turn intimated the author with some vital information about the whole scenario. It became evident that, there were lapses and errors committed by various stakeholders and organs of government as well as some members of the public, due to misinformation, misapplication and misinterpretation in the course of the “reintroduction”, that inevitably provoked stiff opposition. The paper offers suggestions on how such sensitive issue can be handled, so as to pave way for better understanding among the various sections of the multi-religious Nigeria for peaceful co-existence
Bio-decolourization of Basic Fuchsin dye by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Salt water and Palm wine
No full textIn this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine and salt water was used to degrade 20 mg basic fuchsin dye for a period of 12 days under aerobic condition in 250 mL, 500 mL and 750 mL mineral salt media. The degree of decolorization of basic fuchsin was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometer with absorbance of 620 nm. At the end of twelve days, 60.39%, 41.29% and 24.47% (for Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from salt water) basic fuchsin decolorization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae were recorded and 72.61%, 48.88% and 33.92% (for Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine) basic fuchsin decolorization by the same organism were recorded in 250 mL, 500 mL and 750 mL concentrations at pH 6.5, respectively. The results suggest the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the treatment of waste water containing basic fuchsin
Biosorption of Chromium by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Waste Dump Site.
No full textThis study focused on biosorption of Chromium using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The study was performed by varying the parameters that determine the efficiency of biosorption, i.e. pH, biomass concentration, metal concentration, temperature and contact time. The results
obtained shows that higher percentage of Chromium biosorption was recorded with Bacillus subtilis. The optimum value for each of the parameters was obtained in the following order; for pH, optimum value was 4.0, with highest biosorption percentage of 80.6 and 86.7% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Bacillus subtilis respectively. Highest biosorption percentage of 83.0 and 86.7% were recorded at concentration of 2ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively for biomass concentration. Chromium concentration produced 73.6 and 86.7% highest biosorption at 5ppm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. Temperature showed highest biosorption of 83.0 and 86.7% at 37oC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus
subtilis respectively. Contact time was also varied and found to have been optimum in Chromium biosorption 14th day with sorption of 73.3 and 86.7% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. The result shows the efficacy of biosorption of Chromium by the isolated organisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis) in bioremediation of Chromium polluted water, thus, is suitable for future application
Bio-Removal of Vat Dye from Textile Effluent by Candida tropicalis and Candida apis Isolated from Soil
No full textThe bio-removal of textile effluent (Vat dye) by yeasts isolated from soil was studied. A total of 5 yeasts were isolated and identified from soil (using morphological and biochemical characterization) to remove vat dye from textile effluent. These isolates were screened by inoculating them into 500 ml conical flask each containing sterile mineral salt media and 20 mg of vat dye. Of these isolates, Candida tropicalis and Candida apis stood out as potential dye
decolorizes after incubation. Candida apis and Candida tropicalis removed 90.6% and 84.1% of color from the textile effluent after incubating for 25 days at 37º
C. The textile effluent treated had initial high concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Nitrate, above the standard acceptable limit which is an indication of high contamination. All the isolates used performed efficiently in reducing the concentration of these parameters in the textile effluent at neutral pH of 7.0. The Yeast isolates (Candida apis and Candida tropicalis) exhibited good potentials in the treatment of textile effluent. Candiada apis reduced the BOD from 1,425 mg/l to 272 mg/l COD from 3,550 mg/l to 679 mg/l while the Nitrate was reduced from 255 mg/l to 65 mg/l and Candida tropicalis reduced the BOD from 1,425 mg/l to 312 mg/L, the COD was reduced from 3,550 mg/l to 780 mg/l and the Nitrate was reduced from 255 mg/l to 78 mg/L. These microbial isolates can be recommended as good candidates for treatment of waste water, especially textile waste water
Book Review
No full textMisconstruing the actual connotation of the Qur’ānic worldview and how it can be harnessed to rejuvenate the lost glory of the Muslim society has led many writers and readers alike to misplaced priorities. The attempt made by AbdulHamid Abusulayman in this book stands out as a masterpiece. Rigorous research, wealth of experience and interaction with the Islamic and other cultures afforded him the opportunity to distinguish cultural practices from the practical implementation of Qur’ānic injunctions and Sunnatic authorisation