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The Full Diurnal Cycle of Mars Water-Ice Cloud Optical Depth in EMIRS Observations
No full textImprovements to analyses of Martian thermal infrared spectra observed by the Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS) allow for retrieval of water-ice cloud optical depth, τᵢ꜀ₑ, across the full diurnal cycle at Mars. Using observations spanning nearly two Martian years, we find a persistent pattern of higher nighttime cloud abundance compared to daytime values, with regular peaks in τᵢ꜀ₑ occurring in both morning and evening hours. During the colder aphelion season when the low-latitude aphelion cloud belt forms, zonal mean optical depths ranged from maxima of ∼0.5 during the morning peak to minima of ∼0.15 near midday. Averaged across the full data set, nighttime τᵢ꜀ₑ values were approximately twice the optical depth at the midday minimum. The morning peak in cloud abundance tended to occur near a solar incidence angle of 75° across a range of latitudes and seasons. These diurnal patterns were generally consistent with modeled influences of atmospheric thermal tides on cloud formation conditions. Spatial differences in the distribution of clouds were noted across the diurnal cycle. Volcano clouds formed near midday and increased in optical depth through the afternoon and into the evening. At night, late evening clouds were observed more broadly across low-latitude regions, while morning clouds were more concentrated over the Tharsis region. The broad spatial and temporal coverage of these results enables new model comparisons against observations of τᵢ꜀ₑ across the full diurnal cycle, and advances our understanding of water-ice cloud development and its role in the Mars climate system.The material is based upon work supportedby NASA under award number80GSFC24M0006. We would also like toacknowledge and thank the reviewers fortheir helpful suggestions regardingdescriptions of EMIRS uncertainties andclassification of the periods of interesthttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2025JE00896
I Hate the News Jun 3
No full textMayor Muriel Bowser in Washington DC offers a budget proposal with cuts and regulatory changes. MCPS has released boundary change options as it plans opening new high schools. Complaints about air quality in Argyle Middle School. MD Public Service Commission asks Baltimore Gas and Electric and Delmarva Power to spread out coming rate increases, watch your electricity bills. A lawsuit challenges closed primaries in the state of Maryland. And more. Music by Washington Dc art-pop rock band, Catscan!https://open.spotify.com/episode/5buh6EA8v5p8vuHhIpgyG
Constraining gas motion and non-thermal pressure beyond the core of the Abell 2029 galaxy cluster with XRISM
No full textWe report a detailed spectroscopic study of the gas dynamics and hydrostatic mass bias of the galaxy cluster Abell 2029, utilizing high-resolution observations from XRISM Resolve. Abell 2029, known for its cool core and relaxed X-ray morphology, provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the influence of gas motions beyond the central region. Expanding upon prior studies that revealed low turbulence and bulk motions within the core, our analysis covers regions out to the scale radius R₂₅₀₀ (670 kpc) based on three radial pointings extending from the cluster center toward the northern side. We obtain accurate measurements of bulk and turbulent velocities along the line of sight. The results indicate that non-thermal pressure accounts for no more than 2% of the total pressure at all radii, with a gradual decrease outward. The observed radial trend differs from many numerical simulations, which often predict an increase in non-thermal pressure fraction at larger radii. These findings suggest that deviations from hydrostatic equilibrium are small, leading to a hydrostatic mass bias of around 2% across the observed area.Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE AC52 07NA27344 The material is based upon work supported by NASA under award numbers 80GSFC21M0002 and 80GSFC24M0006 This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers JP23H00121 JP22H00158 JP22H01268 JP22K03624 JP23H04899 JP21K13963 JP24K00638 JP24K17105 JP21K13958 JP21H01095 JP23K20850 JP24H00253 JP21K03615 JP24K00677 JP20K14491 JP23H00151 JP19K21884 JP20H01947 JP20KK0071 JP23K20239 JP24K00672 JP24K17104 JP24K17093 JP20K04009 JP21H04493 JP20H01946 JP23K13154 JP19K14762 JP20H05857 and JP23K03459 This work was supported by NASA grant numbers 80NSSC20K0733 80NSSC18K0978 80NSSC20K0883 80NSSC20K0737 80NSSC24K0678 80NSSC18K1684 80NSSC23K0650 and 80NNSC22K1922 LC acknowledges support from NSF award 2205918 CD acknowledges support from STFC through grant ST T000244 1 LG acknowledges financial support from Canadian Space Agency grant 18XARMSTMA NO acknowledges partial support by the Organization for the Promotion of Gender Equality at Nara Womens University MS acknowledges the support by the RIKEN Pioneering Project Evolution of Matter in the Universe r EMU and Rikkyo University Special Fund for Research Rikkyo SFR AT and the present research are in part supported by the Kagoshima University postdoctoral research program KU DREAM SY acknowledges support by the RIKEN SPDR Program TY acknowledges support by NASA under award number 80GSFC24M0006 IZ acknowledges partial support from the Alfred P Sloan Foundation through the Sloan Research Fellowship SE acknowledges the financial contribution from the contracts Prin MUR 2022 supported by Next Generation EU M4C211 n20227RNLY3 The concordance cosmological model: stress tests with galaxy clusters ASI INAF Athena 2019 27 HH0 Attivit di Studio per la comunit scientifica di Astrofisica delle Alte Energie e Fisica Astroparticellare Accordo Attuativo ASI INAF n 2017 14 H0 and from the European Unions Horizon 2020 Programme under the AHEAD2020 project grant agreement n 871158 LL acknowledges the financial contribution from the INAF grant 105120401 This work was supported by the JSPS Core to Core Program JPJSCCA20220002 The material is based on work supported by the Strategic Research Center of Saitama Universityhttps://academic.oup.com/pasj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pasj/psaf055/823718
Your Brain on Art: NeuroArts and JHU’s Susan Magsamen
No full textHer New Book Proves It with Science, Art is Vital to Our Healthhttps://bmoreart.com/2025/01/your-brain-on-art-neuroarts-and-jhus-susan-magsamen.htm
Playing with Fire
No full textIn the exhibition Playing with Fire, Ryan McGlone uses perspective, scale, repetition, contrast, and composition to address emotions surrounding nostalgia and war. A confrontational artistic style is used for the current body of work. Mixed media of clay, wood, and wood burning are used to create the large hanging wall sculptures. Thousands of slip-casted toy miniature soldiers represent armies as an undefined mass contrasted with individual soldiers burned into large wood panels depicting war scenes. The thesis examines nostalgia, perspective, scale, contrast, repetition and composition to engage the viewer’s own perspectives
Hanging Gardens and Echo of Home
No full textHanging Gardens and Echo of Home is a multimedia installation and written thesis rooted in my experience as an Iranian immigrant. Drawing from the legend of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the project reimagines the garden as a suspended emotional space—born from longing and the need to rebuild home in unfamiliar lands. The installation brings together video projection, sound, archival photographs, and multiple suitcases. These elements hold emotional weight: sounds emerge from within the work, visuals repeat and fade, and a Persian carpet grounds the space. Each suitcase becomes a quiet archive of memory, voice, and displacement.Though personal in origin, the work speaks to a broader sense of migration and memory. It invites viewers—regardless of background—to reflect on their own stories of belonging, loss, and continuity. Hanging Gardens and Echo of Home offers a space where fragments of home can be carried, felt, and remembered
Historical Place-Based Investments and Contemporary Economic Mobility and Inequality: Impacts of University Establishment
No full textWe explore how historic university establishment has impacted contemporary county-level economic mobility and inequality outcomes using site-selection natural experiments. We find that universities have led to greater mid-life upward intergenerational income mobility and more income inequality. We highlight five channels through which these effects operate: sorting of highachieving households into university counties; a “hollowing-out” of local labor markets which has provided opportunities to achieve top incomes as well as increased inequality; increased educational attainment across the income distribution, greater innovative activity, and higher levels of social capital.https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/web.sas.upenn.edu/dist/0/610/files/2025/04/Russell_Andrews_2025_University_Establishment_and_Economic_Mobility.pd
Between Solutionism and Relevance: Exploring Environmental Justice and Community Biology Laboratory Technology Praxis
No full textEnvironmental justice (EJ) advocates know the of harms caused by inequality in the distribution of pollution, toxins, and other products of industrial activity. They have a keen understanding of developments in science and technology, some which have led to these injustices and others which may ameliorate harms. Concurrently, community biology laboratories bring together professionals and non-professionals with shared interests and curiosity regarding science and technology. This dissertation explores how human-centered computing might develop a praxis based in community lab culture supporting and supported by EJ. Through interviews with EJ advocates based in North America and observant participation in Baltimore-based EJ organizing activities, we identified a desire for community-led and anti-solutionist digital technology. This knowledge is brought to bear on a two-year ethnographic study of a community lab, the Baltimore Underground Science Space (BUGSS), including interviews with leaders of five community labs in the United States. This ethnographic work, with emphasis on youth participation in the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition and on bioart, informs an understanding of the foundational principles and practices of community labs. Crossing these two studies, the concept of liminality is used to examine implications for transdisciplinary human-computer interaction (HCI) research, such as community-led investigations intersecting with EJ, biotechnology, and sustainable development. Liminal experience may work as a means through which individuals and communities in more-than-human configurations can move between hegemonic- and community value-driven states. This dissertation contributes to human-centered computing as it is concerned with sustainability, design justice, and the incorporation of biotechnology and living organisms into design. It (1) identifies a vision for digital technology design that supports EJ organizing efforts as one that prioritizes community-led and anti-solutionist approaches, and identifies liminality as a naturally occurring and designed resource for creative and community-led transformation; (2) describes the foundations and practices of community labs and how these can be co-supportive with EJ organizing by promoting cultural relevance; and (3) raises the possibility of shared curiosity as a basis for community engagement and public participation in science and technology. These contribute a new way to structure what it means to engage community in technology design and evaluation, demonstrating productive ways that non-expert communities can form transdisciplinary coalitions to question, push back, and subvert existing structures of power
Marginalization from COVID-19 Anti-Asian Racism and Smoking among Asian American Emerging Adults
No full textCOVID-19 anti-Asian racism may be a risk factor for tobacco product use among Asian American emerging adults. In particular, unjust blame and ostracization associated with oppressive COVID-19 anti-Asian racism narratives may be associated with tobacco product use through unmet interpersonal needs. Accordingly, we examined whether the link between COVID-19 anti-Asian racism and tobacco product use could be explained by perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, which have been identified as interpersonal risk factors. With data from 139 participants (Mage = 23.04), we conducted a path analysis of COVID-19 anti-Asian racism predicting tobacco product use via perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. COVID-19 anti-Asian racism was indirectly related to tobacco product use via perceived burdensomeness. However, there was no indirect association through thwarted belongingness. Our findings indicate that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness are unique interpersonal risk factors for increased tobacco product use that merit attention within the context of COVID-19 anti-Asian racism. Heightened perceptions of burdensomeness in particular may drive tobacco product use among Asian American emerging adults as a means to fill the social void they experience from COVID-19-related shame and ostracization.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12552-025-09443-
Fusion of Multitask fMRI Data with Constrained Independent Vector Analysis
No full text2025 59th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) Baltimore, MD, 19-21 March 2025Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely used neuroimaging tool for investigating brain function. In multitask fMRI analysis, data fusion methods enable the integration of information across tasks to provide a comprehensive understanding of brain activity. Independent vector analysis (IVA) provides an attractive framework for data fusion as it enables datasets to fully interact with each other by maximizing statistical dependence across the datasets. IVA with multivariate Laplacian distribution IVA-L provides a good model match for fMRI analysis as fMRI signals often exhibit multivariate heavy-tailed distributions. However, IVA can benefit from incorporating prior information when available. This paper proposes a novel way for multitask fMRI data fusion by integrating prior information into an optimized IVA-L framework using a constrained cost function. The proposed method is applied to a multitask fMRI dataset comprising 271 subjects, successfully identifying task-related group differences between healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. Identified important functional areas include the caudate and thalamus during the sensory-motor task (SM), as well as the inferior parietal lobule, superior medial frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus during the auditory oddball (AOD) task. Additionally, this work highlights the importance of selecting a higher model order and allowing some components to remain unconstrained for the constrained IVA-L framework. These choices enhance the estimation performance and allow the algorithm to capture important information not included in the prior information.Emin Erdem Kumbasar and Hanlu Yang contrributed equally to this work. This work was supported in part by grants NSF 2316420, NIH R01MH118695, NIH R01MH123610, and NIH R01AG073949https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1094469