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Tálukhowané Kawyhuhatáti - An Indigenous Way of Knowing and Being
No full textThis capstone project initiates developing a culturally grounded interpretive plan for Duck Creek, a waterway central to the Oneida Nation's landscape, identity, and cultural memory. Rooted in Indigenous methodologies, place-based theory, and Haudenosaunee worldviews, the project centers on listening to community voices, reclaiming land-based knowledge, and supporting cultural revitalization. The project explores the waterway as a living entity with ecological, spiritual, and intergenerational meaning through site visits, interviews, and collaborative fieldwork with community members and knowledge holders.
This capstone project offers insight, research, and partnership as a prerequisite to building a process and context for community members reconnecting with Oneida culture, history, and language. I do this by focusing on relationship building, storytelling, and embedding a Haudenosaunee lens applied to the deliverables—conceptual design elements of a walking trail, interpretive displays, and a framework of guiding principles that can inform future programming and partnerships across tribal departments. The plan emphasizes cultural themes of connectedness to a biome, urgency for language revitalization, storytelling as an Indigenous methodology, and art for social change to foster healing, reflection, and education spaces. Through a lens of stewardship and relational accountability, the project advances a vision for community-centered heritage interpretation that honors Oneida values, histories, and futures
The Role of Selected Adjuncts in the Management of the Bleeding Trauma Patient: Calcium and Vasopressin
No full textPurpose of Review This review summarizes emerging literature on calcium and vasopressin as pharmacological adjuncts in management of hemorrhage in trauma patient resuscitation, and how they may prove useful in promoting hemostasis, reduce blood product usage and improve mortality in trauma patients with hemorrhage. Recent Findings Hypocalcemia has correlation with mortality and increased blood product usage in trauma patients. Calcium’s role in coagulation cascade may indicate use as early supplementation before transfusion in addition to repletion in hemorrhagic shock and MTP scenarios. Vasopressin has roles in vascular tone and coagulation, and early studies show a reduction in overall blood product usage without significant adverse events when used in hemorrhaging trauma patients, though effect on overall mortality requires further investigation. Summary Calcium and vasopressin are promising pharmacologic adjuncts to transfusion in bleeding trauma patients. Additional research is needed for safety and efficacy in both therapies and for other potential pharmacologic options in their role for promoting hemostasis and reducing hemorrhage severity in bleeding trauma patientshttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40140-024-00681-
The role of Earth's major cloud systems in the hemispheric albedo symmetry
No full textWe investigate in depth the role of major cloud systems in the well-known symmetry of albedo or reflected solar radiation (RSR) between the Earth’s Northern and Southern hemispheres which has been shown previously to be quite robust on multi-annual time scales. Here we quantify the degree of symmetry for the entirety of a recent 22-year period, while also analyzing the modulation of its interannual variability by clouds. To achieve this, we employ climatological cloud regimes which we have previously termed “regimes of regimes” or RORs. By pairing RORs with monthly RSR values from the CERES EBAF dataset we elucidate how several large RSR asymmetries at the ROR level, mainly due to ROR hemispheric population contrasts, conspire to produce near-symmetry at the hemispheric level. We also investigate how interannual variations of small deviations from hemispheric RSR symmetry relate to interannual variations of the ROR RSR asymmetries. Finally, we probe the role of the complementary symmetry in absorbed solar radiation (ASR), and specifically of its atmospheric component, in the broader context of hemispheric energetics. Our analysis sheds light on the role of major global cloud systems in modulating the mean state and variability of the equitable contribution of the two hemispheres to the global RSR.Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. Support by NASA’s The Science of Terra, Aqua and SNPP (TASNPP) and MEaSUREs programs is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank Norman Loeb and Kyu-Myong for valuable discussions.https://essopenarchive.org/users/523225/articles/1299484-the-role-of-earth-s-major-cloud-systems-in-the-hemispheric-albedo-symmetry?commit=b5d52b2abb01bed42f59a169ff29ffa0857bbb6
Black-box Adversarial Attack Method for Object Detection Under Multi-View Conditions
No full textDeep learning-based object detection has become an important application in industrial IoT. However, studies have shown that adversarial attacks may cause object detection to output incorrect detection results. Such vulnerabilities can threaten the robustness of object detection systems and lead to security problems. To address the issue of low attack effectiveness on target detection from different perspectives using the existing adversarial attack methods, this paper proposes an adversarial attack method with multi-view adaptive weight-balancing. First, a multi-view channel is constructed for training, and the target features under different viewpoints are comprehensively considered to enhance the robustness of the attack method. Then, the model is optimized by combining the model shake drop and patch cut-out algorithms during the training process, so that the attack method no longer relies on a single model, thus enhancing its generalization ability. Finally, by dynamically adjusting the weights of each viewpoint, a weight-balancing strategy is constructed, which adaptively adjusts the preference of different perspectives during the training process to enhance the attack effect of the attack method in each viewpoint. To verify the performance of the method, experiments are conducted on multiple benchmarks, specifically the PKU-Reid dataset. Compared with the mainstream methods, the proposed method improves the attack success rate by 3.78% and 19.26% under white-box and black-box conditions, respectively, while reducing the mean average precision of the object detection model by 2.18% and 11.12%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively enhances attack performance on targets from different viewpoints and exhibits better viewpoint robustness.This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62273272 62303375 and 61873277 in part by the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province under Grant 2024CY2GJHX49 and 2024CY2 GJHX43 and in part by the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universitieshttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1098586
Carbon-rich dust injected into the interstellar medium by Galactic WC binaries survives for hundreds of years
No full textSome carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet stars (WC stars) show an infrared excess from dust emission. Dust forms in the collision of the WC wind with a companion star's wind. As this dust is carried towards the ISM at close to the WCd wind speed and the binary continues through its orbit, a spiral structure forms around the system. The shape depends on the orbital eccentricity and period, as well as stellar parameters like mass-loss rates and terminal wind speeds. Imaging of the WCd binary WR 140 with JWST/MIRI revealed at least 17 concentric dust shells surrounding the binary. We present new JWST imaging of four additional WCd systems (WR 48a, WR 112, WR 125, and WR 137) that were imaged in 2024. In this analysis, we show that the dust is long-lived, surviving for at least 130 years, but more than 300 years in some systems. Longer duration measurements are limited by sensitivity. Regular spacing of dust features confirms the periodic nature of dust formation, consistent with a connection to binary motion. We use these images to estimate the proper motion of the dust, finding the dust to propagate out to the interstellar medium with motion comparable to the wind speed of the WC stars. In addition to these results, we observe unusual structures around WR 48a, which could represent dusty clumps shaped by photoevaporation and wind ablation like young proplyd objects. These results demonstrate that WC dust is indeed long-lived and should be accounted for in galactic dust budgets.This material is based upon work supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC24M0006 and based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract number NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #4093. Support for program #4093 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. N.D.R. is grateful for support from the Cottrell Scholar Award #CS-CSA-2023-143 sponsored by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement. E.P.L. and J.L.H. are grateful for support from a NASA FINESST fellowship under grant #80NSSC24K1547. C.K. acknowledges support from the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University’s Undergraduate Research Institute. J.R.C. acknowledges funding from the European Union via the European Research Council (ERC) grant Epaphus (project number 101166008). M.F.C. and K.H. are supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC24M0006. A.A.C.S. is supported by the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG in the form of an Emmy Noether Research Group – Project-ID 445674056 (SA4064/1-1, PI Sander). N.S-L. acknowledges financial support from the National Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) of Canada.http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.1161
Electrically insulating materials for centrifugal mirrors
No full textThe centrifugal mirror confinement scheme incorporates supersonic rotation into a magnetic mirror device, which stabilizes and heats the plasma. This concept is under investigation in the Centrifugal Mirror Fusion Experiment (CMFX) at the University of Maryland. Plasma rotation is driven by an axial magnetic field and a radial electric field that lead to velocity drifts in the azimuthal direction. An electrically insulating material is required to prevent the applied voltage from shorting on the grounded chamber. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a promising candidate material for plasma-facing components in future centrifugal mirrors due to its exceptional thermal and electrical properties. However, its performance under intense particle and heat fluxes characteristic of the plasma edge in fusion devices remains largely unexplored. Computational modeling for ion- and neutron-material interactions was carried out with RustBCA and OpenMC, respectively, and predicts relatively good performance in comparison to other insulating materials. Material coupons were then exposed to plasma in PISCES-A at UCSD and CMFX. A load-locked sample feedthrough was constructed and installed on CMFX to test coupons. Two erosion mechanisms were identified – sputtering and grain ejection – both of which were more apparent in silicon carbide than hBN.This work was supported by ARPA-E award no. DE-AR0001270 and US-DOE Cooperative Agreement No. DE-SC0022528.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002231152500351
Topology-Driven Attribute Recovery for Attribute Missing Graph Learning in Social Internet of Things
No full textWith the advancement of information technology, the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) has fostered the integration of physical devices and social networks, deepening the study of complex interaction patterns. Text Attribute Graphs (TAGs) capture both topological structures and semantic attributes, enhancing the analysis of complex interactions within the SIoT. However, existing graph learning methods are typically designed for complete attributed graphs, and the common issue of missing attributes in Attribute Missing Graphs (AMGs) increases the difficulty of analysis tasks. To address this, we propose the Topology-Driven Attribute Recovery (TDAR) framework, which leverages topological data for AMG learning. TDAR introduces an improved pre-filling method for initial attribute recovery using native graph topology. Additionally, it dynamically adjusts propagation weights and incorporates homogeneity strategies within the embedding space to suit AMGs' unique topological structures, effectively reducing noise during information propagation. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate that TDAR significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in attribute reconstruction and downstream tasks, offering a robust solution to the challenges posed by AMGs. The code is available at https://github.com/limengran98/TDAR.This project is jointly supported by the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program (No. JCYJ20240813151129038), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52172350, 51775565), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation (No. 2022B1515120072), the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (No. 2024B01W0079), the Nansha Key R&D Program (No. 2022ZD014). (Corresponding author: Ronghui Zhang.)http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.1015
Mind the leaf anatomy while taking ground truth with portable chlorophyll meters
No full textA wide range of portable chlorophyll meters are increasingly being used to measure leaf chlorophyll content as an indicator of plant performance, providing reference data for remote sensing studies. We tested the effect of leaf anatomy on the relationship between optical assessments of chlorophyll (Chl) against biochemically determined Chl content as a reference. Optical Chl assessments included measurements taken by four chlorophyll meters: three transmittance-based (SPAD-502, Dualex-4 Scientific, and MultispeQ 2.0), one fluorescence-based (CCM-300), and vegetation indices calculated from the 400–2500 nm leaf reflectance acquired using an ASD FieldSpec and a contact plant probe. Three leaf types with different anatomy were included: dorsiventral laminar leaves, grass leaves, and needles. On laminar leaves, all instruments performed well for chlorophyll content estimation (R² > 0.80, nRMSE 0.90, nRMSE < 16%). For grasses, the model to predict chlorophyll content across multiple species had low performance with CCM-300 (R² = 0.45, nRMSE = 11%) and failed for SPAD. For Norway spruce needles, the relation of CCM-300 values to chlorophyll content was also weak (R² = 0.45, nRMSE = 11%). To improve the accuracy of data used for remote sensing algorithm development, we recommend calibration of chlorophyll meter measurements with biochemical assessments, especially for species with anatomy other than laminar dicot leaves. The take-home message is that portable chlorophyll meters perform well for laminar leaves and grasses with wider leaves, however, their accuracy is limited for conifer needles and narrow grass leaves. Species-specific calibrations are necessary to account for anatomical variations, and adjustments in sampling protocols may be required to improve measurement reliability.This research was funded mainly by The ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic, scheme INTER-EXCELLENCE, INTERACTION, grant number LTAUSA18154, which was in collaboration with U.S. partners: Petya Campbell´s contribution was supported by NASA, LCLUC Program NNH17ZDA001N-LCLUC, Grant No: 80NSSC18K0337. In the final phase of the paper publication Z.L., E.N., and J.A. were funded by The Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, scheme ZEMĚ II, grant number QL24010275.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-84052-
Waiting on the Governor’s Budget
No full textThe Maryland General Assembly starts its 2025 session on January 8 looking down a deep fiscal hole. Sunil Dasgupta talks with Majority Leader David Moon and Environment and Transportation Committee Chair Marc Korman about how the House of Delegates is thinning about the budget crisis. Newly in public domain music by George Gershwin and Nacio Herb Brown.https://open.spotify.com/episode/7i38dS6GX5rScCIEotADb
Mapping the Edges of Mass Spectral Prediction: Evaluation of Machine Learning EIMS Prediction for Xeno Amino Acids
No full textMass spectrometry is one of the most effective analytical methods for unknown compound identification. By comparing observed m/z spectra with a database of experimentally determined spectra, this process identifies compound(s) in any given sample. Unknown sample identification is thus limited to whatever has been experimentally determined. To address the reliance on experimentally determined signatures, multiple state-of-the-art MS spectra prediction algorithms have been developed within the past half decade. Here we evaluate the accuracy of the NEIMS spectral prediction algorithm. We focus our analyses on monosubstituted α-amino acids given their significance as important targets for astrobiology, synthetic biology, and diverse biomedical applications. Our general intent is to inform those using generated spectra for detection of unknown biomolecules. We find predicted spectra are inaccurate for amino acids beyond the algorithms training data. Interestingly, these inaccuracies are not explained by physicochemical differences or the derivatization state of the amino acids measured. We thus highlight the need to improve both current machine learning based approaches and further optimization of ab initio spectral prediction algorithms so as to expand databases for structures beyond what is currently experimentally possible, even including theoretical molecules.This work was funded by the Human Frontier Science Program grant HFSP-RGEC27/2023. We acknowledge the support of the UMBC Molecular Characterization and Analysis Complex. We greatly appreciate Dr. Louth Chou for conversations regarding astrobiological mission instrumentation. Lastly, we acknowledge Dr. Stephen Freeland and Mr. Aren Vista for providing contextual and grammatical corrections to the manuscript.https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/678175dafa469535b97fbdc