International Journal of Medical Science Research and Practice (IJMSRP)
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Computation Studies on potential anti-COVID-19 natural compound against The Omicron Variant of SARS-COV-2
No full textFor the first time, this short communication aims to carry out the possible antiviral role of a natural compound called Adapalene. This substance has been shown, by the Molecular Simulation method, to be particularly active both in the original SARS-COV-2 protein and in the mutated form Spike protein of SARS-CoV- 2 Omicron (B.1.1.529). The best results obtained have reported excellent Binding Energies Scores values of about -10.35 kcal/mol with an estimated Ki of about 26 nMolar, when Adapalene interacts in the binding active zone of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-COV-2, with the Human ACE2. Furthermore, this compound can interacts also with other antiviral Coronavirus proteins. Indeed it can bind with other SARS-COV-2 proteins such as SARS-COV-2- 3Cl protease, with an Estimated Binding Energy of approximately, ca -10.24 kcal/mol and an estimated Ki of ca 31.15 nMolar, while with Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein SARS-COV-2, with a Binding Energy of approximately of ca -10.47kcal / mol and an estimate Ki of ca 21.06 nMolar.
 
Terpenoid Rich Concentrate of Phyllantus amarus (Schum Thonn) Whole Plant’s Potential in High Salt Steered Immunological Storm, Antioxidant and Blood Enzymes Derangement
No full textHigh salt diet driven immunological storm and blood enzymes dissymmetry are established global health challenges, deleteriously inflicting intracellular organelles and related inflammatory cytokines out of homeostatic threshold. Statistic proclaimed by World Health Organization (2012) also reveals the preponderance of about a quarter of the world’s global health linked oxidative damages to high salt-related influences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum enzymes’ protective effect, antioxidant and immuno-boosting efficacy of qualitatively affirmed terpenoid rich-concentrate (TRC) of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum and Thonn) whole plant against Dawley rats fed with 8% salty chow (HSD) for 56days. Healthy male rats (n=40) were grouped as follows: Group 1: received only normal rat chow as control group; Group 2: Administered 8% high salt diet (HSD) only; Group 3: co-administered HSD+80mg/kg/bwt., of TRC; Group 4: HSD + 160mg/kg/bwt., of TRC; Group 5: HSD + 200mg/kg/bwt., of TRC. The results (p<0.05) indicated that TRC has a lethal dose (LD50) greater than 5000 mg/kg /b.wt, with a significant increase in the levels of modulating cytokines [interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF?)], serum enzymes (AST, ALP, CK and LDH), consequent significant reduction in enzymatic antioxidant (GSH, Cat, SOD), but with measurable up-regulation of radical product, MDA, in the serum of rats fed HSD. Though, the deranged parameters of interest were dose-dependently remediated to near normal coefficient in the rodents co-administered with the rich concentrates. It’s of interest that, the treated groups also expressed signs/physical improvement via; hair integrity, health status, and erection of fur to near normal. The results suggested that TRC contains bioactive compounds which could remediate HSD induced immunological storm, blood enzymes derangement and also complement orthodox medicine in the therapeutic search for oxidative related diseases triggered by high salt meals
Effect of Shikoni on Phosphomonoesterase Activity of Mycobaterium Tuberculosis Protein Tyrosine Phosphotases (PTPs)
No full textSeveral factors such as patient noncompliance and drug resistance affect the success rate of conventional treatments against tuberculosis and other pathogenic diseases; therefore there is need to improve the available therapeutic ways used in targeting tuberculosis treatment as well as design of new drugs that could act more rapidly on them. This research aimed to determine the effect of shikoni on phosphomonoesterase activity of mycobacterium tuberculosis using protein tyrosine phosphatases as enzyme inhibitor. Purified homogenous PTPs were obtained and shikoni phosphomonoesterase activity was determined by measuring the p-nitrophenol releases from the pNPP substrate. PTP acts as potential drug target which enables strategies to develop modern treatment regimen and regulate the levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation under normal and pathological conditions.
 
A study of demographic profile and menstrual morbidities among adolescent female patients visitingr a tertiary cae center
No full textAim- 1) To study the demographic profile, prevalence and type of menstrual morbidities amongst 13-19 year adolescent females attending gynaecology OPD at a tertiary care government general hospital in an urban area. 2) To study the awareness on physical changes & menstruation in adolescent girls in urban area. 3) To assess their knowledge on contraceptive methods.4) To study hygiene practices followed during menstruation. 5) To Treat the patients and suggest suitable recommendations based on study findings, for the future.
Background- The Latin word ‘Adolescere’ means to grow to maturity. One fifth of the world population is between 10-19 yrs old and 85% of them live in developing countries. There are very few studies on prevalence and pattern of gynaecological health morbidities amongst late adolescent female patients.
Material Methods- It is a Prospective Observational Clinical Study in a Tertiary care Centre and Teaching Institute in Urban India. Variables observed were socio-demography, menstrual morbidities and knowledge about contraception, in study patients. Chi square test of significance was applied where relevent.
Results- Out of 120, maximum patients were unmarried from low socioeconomic, large (more than 4) family. The literacy rate was 70%. Out of 120 patients, maximum (34%) attained menarche at 12 years, 62% had regular cycles and most of them used homemade cloth for hygiene during menses. The commonest menstrual morbidity was dysmenorrhoea (73%). The commonest premenstrual symptom was pain in abdomen. Thirty four percent patients had moderate to severe anaemia. Forty percent girls had some knowledge about contraception and most of them acquired it from Television. The most known method of contraception was OC pills and all patients with the knowledge felt it is available at all hospitals and chemists.
Conclusion- Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health(ARSH) OPD services are needed at all women care centres as these group of patients need special attention for their complaints and focused care and counseling of these young patients would be a great investment for future health of them & their families and the society & nation as a large
Modified pediatric logistic organ dysfunction scoring system: A feasible tool in pediatric intensive care units
No full textBackground- Pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score,which can predict mortality or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) outcomes, has been validated for children. It is cumbersome to measure respiratory dysfunction variables included in original PELOD scoring, in ventilator and blood gas analysis limited setups, so all three variables included under respiratory dysfunction (i.e.PaO2/FiO2 ratio, PaCo2 and mechanical ventilation) in original PELOD score were replaced by three new variables (i.e. Respiratory rate, Chest retractions and Spo2). The present study aims to modify the PELOD score and make it more clinical and feasible to adopt in resource limited setups rather being dependent on sophisticated facilities.
Aims-Evaluation of modified PELOD scoring system to determine the prognosis of patients in Pediatric Intensive Care Units.
Method- The modified PELOD scoring system consists of physical and laboratory variables representing six organ systems namely neurological, cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, hematological and hepatic system. The score was calculated for the subjects during first 24 hours of admission in PICU. Patients were then followed until they were discharged from PICU or deceased .In each organ system, the highest score in any variable accounted was taken as the score for that organ system. The sum total of the 6 scores for each organ system gives modified PELOD score (range 0-71) which was used for looking at the association between modified PELOD score and mortality.
Results- The risk of mortality varies directly with the modified PELOD score of the patients. In those patients whose modified PELOD score was <10, mortality was 10.4%, whereas in patients whose modified PELOD score was >10, mortality increased significantly to 46.4% (χ2 = 12.000, P < 0.001).The mean (SD) modified PELOD score was considerably higher in those who died as compared to those who survived (16.25 (8.63) vs 7.68 (5.55); p<0.001).
Conclusion- The modified PELOD score can be used as a reliable prognostic predictor of mortality among PICU patients
Platelet estimation by peripheral smear: Reliable, rapid, cost-effective method to assess degree of thrombocytopenia
No full textAim: To compare the estimation of platelet count done by peripheral smear method and by automated cell counter.
Background: Thrombocytopenia is associated with many diseases such as malaria, dengue, pregnancy-induced hypertension, etc., and is one of the critical parameters in patient management. The automated method is considered as the most reliable method. It is simple, fast, and most widely used, but the accurate count of platelets by automated cell counters is not available for all patients, especially in rural areas. In such settings, platelet estimation by peripheral smear is more feasible, than by automated cell counter in thrombocytopenia patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 92 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid samples of patients were received in the laboratory and platelet count was evaluated by two techniques: (1) Automated platelet count, (2) Assessment of platelet count on Leishman’s stained smear.
Results: There is no significant (P = 0.69) difference of values between our method of platelet estimation (0.94 ± 0.29 lacs/mm3 ) when compared with that of automated cell counter platelet value (0.91 lacs/mm3 ± 0.27).
Conclusion: The method of platelet estimation by peripheral smear is useful as a rapid, cheap method to assess platelet count and can be done in rural hospital settings
Role of nutrition rehabilitation center and dietary practices of mother associated with malnutrition and anemia among children
No full textBackground: Malnutrition has acknowledged and well documented. Optimal nutrient intake contributes significantly to malnutrition and anemia. The authors aimed to assess the significance of nutrition rehabilitation center and knowledge of dietary practices of mother to cope with anemia among severely malnourished children.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at different Nutritional Rehabilitation Centers (NRCs). 250 severe under five malnourished children (<−3 standard deviation) selected as subjects. 200 subjects were included in the study group who were counseled in nutrition rehabilitation centers while 50 subjects served as control chosen from different slum areas. Study and control subjects were monitored at the time of admissions and after a follow-up of 3 months.
Results: No significant (P > 0.05) difference and association were detected in control. More than half (62.5%) of mothers in the study group has gained knowledge of nutrition after counseling at NRCs and measured with highly significant association between knowledge of mothers regarding nutrition (P < 0.001), about growth elements (P < 0.001), hemoglobin enhancer element (P < 0.001), and feed during birth (P < 0.001) with measurements (baseline and final). Moreover, the knowledge of dietary practices of the mother is significantly influenced the malnutrition and anemic status of children impacted the effectiveness of NRCs.
Conclusion: NRCs have been playing a prominent role to cope with malnutrition along with anemia. Appropriate counseling of mothers in nutrition rehabilitation center about knowledge of nutrition and dietary practices may be provided potentially to prevent malnutrition and anemia among children
Clinico-Histopathological correlation of leprosy: A retrospective study of skin biopsy specimens in Chitwan Medical College
No full textAim- Aim of this study was to find out cases of leprosy diagnosed in skin biopsy specimen and to study clinicohistopathological correlation in diagnosis of leprosy.
Background- Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. There are various clinico-pathological forms of leprosy depending on the immune status of the host. Diagnosis of leprosy can be done by clinical, microbiological and histopathological examination. Histopathological examination is considered asimportant for confirmatory diagnosis, for assessment of regression of the disease in patient under treatment and also for research purposes. Number of skin lesions in patients, Ridley and Jopling (RJ) classification and bacilliary index in histological sample all can be correlated for proper classification and treatment of leprosy cases.
Materials and Methods- This retrospective study included cases of leprosy diagnosed in skin biopsy specimen in the Department of Pathology of Chitwan Medical College from April 2009 to March 2014. Clinical diagnosis was correlated with that of histopathological diagnosis.
Results- In this study, male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Mean age of patients was32.66 years. Most common lesion was hypopigmented macule (68%). On the basis of RJ scale, maximum cases (41%) were classified as borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT) and least number (3.7%) as leprosy, and polar lepromatous leprosy. Maximum clinico-histopathological correlation was seen in borderline lepromatous leprosy (87.5%) followed by BT (68.1%). Fite ferraco stain was done in only 27 cases. It was 0-2 in tuberculoid spectrum and >2 in lepromatous spectrum.
Conclusion- Combining clinical, histopathological and microbiological diagnosis of leprosy is important forproper treatment of the patient and prevention of complications
Risk factors for severe acute malnutrition in Central India
No full textAim: To identify risk factors for severe malnutrition in children <5 years age. Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in our country. However, little information is available on determinants of SAM.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study done over a period of one year at a tertiary care hospital. Children under five years of age with SAM were enrolled, and the risk factors leading to malnutrition were identified.
Results: The risk factors contributing to malnutrition were poor socioeconomic status, parental illiteracy, overcrowding, lack of immunization, lack of awareness among caregivers regarding appropriate child feeding practices.
Conclusion: To decrease the prevalence of malnutrition, it is essential to provide education to caregivers about appropriate feeding practices
Assessment of functional outcomes in late presenting elderly patients with unstable distal radius fractures by cast application: A prospective study
No full textAim: We will evaluate the functional outcomes in elderly patients with unstable distal end radius fractures who were not willing for operative treatment and were managed conservatively with cast application.
Background: Despite 200 years of medical literature proving the complexity and non-solved problems in treating distal radius fractures, in no other fracture, intra-articular mal-union, and metaphyseal mal-alignment is so broadly accepted.
Materials and Methods: 30 elderly patients with unstable distal radius fractures with mean age of 57.1 years were managed conservatively and observed for an average period of 6 months, and functional and radiological outcomes were assessed.
Results: Patient related wrist evaluation system showed all groups had minimal functional disability. Radiological assessment by Sarmiento et al. modification of Lidstorm’s scoring showed that 33.3% patients in Group 1A had poor radiographic scores, 50% patients in Group 1B had good radiographic scores whereas, in Group 2, 53.3% patients had fair radiographic scores. Functional results were not found to be correlated with radiological outcomes.
Conclusion: In elderly patients, patients having low functional demands or patients presenting to us late and not willing for any surgical treatment, mal-alignment, and articular incongruence can be accepted, as radiological outcomes in this study does not correlate with the functional outcomes.