Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology Review)
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Mobilising "culture" and "religion": Ritual practices and social relations among two minority groups in rural Transylvania
Get PDFThis article is based on an ethnographic study of a Transylvanian village inhabited by Hungarians and Roma. I analyse the processes of ritual revitalisation which is characteristic of the postsocialist period. My main argument is that religion and ritual provide important resources for individuals and communities seeking to assert themselves publicly in postsocialist Romania. The need for public affirmation among minorities is acute, and the forms of ritual they adopt differs: some groups are more receptive to the revival of communal rituals and 'traditions', while for others, revitalisation is focused on the individual. The two denominations considered in this study are Calvinism and Pentecostalism. Calvinism relies on the affirmation of cultural values to mobilise the faithful while Pentecostalism advocates a new form of moral personhood which is particularly attractive to a segment of the local Roma
Radu Baltasiu, Antropologia globalizării. Transformări și curiozități (de)codificate, București, Editura Mica Valahie, 2009, 192 p.
No full textViaţa cotidiană în închisoare Putere, ierarhii sociale, sexualitate: Daily life in prison. Power, social hierarchy, sexuality
No full textThe article is the result of field research conducted "Deculturation as effect of detention. Resocialization in the context of the progressive and regressive regime of prison sentence executio" (Dobrică, 2008). Starting from one of the central features of the penitentiary institution, which is to be both formal organization and community of residence (Goffman, 1961), we analyzed the prison as "society in society" (Sykes, 1958). The main descriptors used in the presentation of daily life of prisoners were sexuality and social hierarchies, as spaces of the power
Cum să abordăm diferenţele de vârstă şi gen în practica probaţiunii? How should age and gender differences be approached in probation practice?
No full textThis paper aims to explore the manner in which age and gender influence criminal behavior, criminal career and rehabilitation. We chose these two variables because in the literature they are often considered. Other characteristics such as religion, ethnicity or health status are equally important but less documented. Our task is not to provide an exhaustive description of such researches, but rather to offer some guides for future research on delinquency in our country, where little is known about the interaction of these variables and the importance of these interactions in the choice of most appropriate methods of intervention
Comunităţi umane. Tradiţii sociologice: Human communities. Sociological traditions
No full textHuman communities. Sociological traditions. The article discusses the evolution of the "human community" concept, from a substantial understanding to a functionalist understanding. The analysis focuses on two partially overlapping models: the community-society typology elaborated by F. Tonnies (and its critique by R. Boudon) and the model of integrated development of rural communities, elaborated by D. Gusti. The comparative study of the two models highlights two Gustian innovations in relation to Tonnies' model: the integrative moral dimension, and the conception of the community as a synthesis of the substantial and the functional dimension. The main hypotheses that have guided the rural monographical research of the Bucharest School of sociology are discussed with reference to their current relevance for community development projects
Comunitatea rurală din perspectiva locuitorilor ei şi a administraţiei locale: The rural community seen from the perspective of its residents and local administration
No full textThe article analyses how people of rural Romania and local administrations relate to the community they belong to. The method used is secondary analyze on databases from three researches on Romanian rural life, with national representatives samples: Rural Barometer 2002, 2005, 2007. The last two of them are focused on the resident people image of community and the first one catches the image of community from the local administrations point of view. After reviewing the theoretical background on ommunity concept and after giving an operational definition of community, the article nalyses items relevant for community life, which can be distributed in three dimensions: elational social capital in community; community collective action; and people's nterest and information on community problems and local administration initiatives
Emoţiile din perspectiva teoriei schimbului social - abordări ale relaţiei „satisfacţie-putere” în interacţiunea socială: Emotions from the perspective of social exchange theory. A discussion on the "satisfaction-power" relationship in social interaction
No full textFrom the perspective of bringing emotions into social exchange the productivity of social ties within the interaction depends on the satisfaction of social actors. Satisfaction is an affective answer to a cognitive evaluation of the exchange relation, based on how "good" or "bad" the actor judges the relation to be. That's why the attention should be focused on the following aspects: 1) The variation of "social exchange-satisfaction" relation taking into consideration the base of power (reward or punishment); 2) Analyzing and explaining global emotions considering the social units (networks, groups); 3) Possible connections between specific emotions tied to social objects and the result of the attribution process
Cristina Gavriluță, Socioantropologia fenomenelor divinatorii, Iași, Editura Institutul European, 2009, 280 p.
No full textConstrucția statului neoliberal. „Workfare”, „Prisonfare” și insecuritate socială: Crafting the neoliberal state. "Workfare", "Prisonfare" and social insecurity
No full textIn Punishing the Poor, I show that the ascent of the penal state in the United States and other advanced societies over the past quarter-century is a response to rising social insecurity, not criminal insecurity; that changes in welfare and justice policies are interlinked, as restrictive 'workfare' and expansive 'prisonfare' are coupled into a single organizational contraption to discipline the precarious fractions of the postindustrial working class; and that a diligent carceral system is not a deviation from, but a constituent component of, the neoliberal Leviathan. In this article, I draw out the theoretical implications of this diagnosis of the emerging government of social insecurity. I deploy Pierre Bourdieu's concept of 'bureaucratic field' to revise Piven and Cloward's classic thesis on the regulation of poverty via public assistance, and contrast the model of penalization as technique for the management of marginality in the dual metropolis to Michel Foucault's vision of the 'disciplinary society', David Garland's account of the 'culture of control' and David Harvey's characterization of neoliberal politics. Against the thin economic conception of neoliberalism as market rule that echoes its ideology, I propose a thick sociological specification entailing supervisory workfare, a proactive penal state and the cultural trope of 'individual responsibility'. This suggests that we need to theorize the prison, not as a technical implement for law enforcement, but as a core political capacity whose selective and aggressive deployment in the lower regions of social space is constitutively injurious to the ideals of democratic citizenship
Implicaţiile prizonizării asupra procesului de resocializare a deţinuţilor: The implications of prisonization on the resocialization process of detainees
No full textThe article is a theoretical study, part of the research project 'Deculturation as effect of detention. Resocialization in the context of the regressive and progressive regime of prison sentence execution' (Dobrică, 2008a). This study's main hypothesis is that prisonization presupposes two parallel processes: deculturation (defined as the loss of the ability to imagine solutions and to take decisions necessary for social integration) and enculturarion (defined as the taking on and/or deepening of the ability to imagine solutions and to take decisions regarding the adaptation to the prison subculture, which is opposed to social integration). Both deculturation and enculturation influence the success of inmate resocialization. The study sketches, from a Goffmanian approach, the main characteristics of, and social-psychological processes within, total institutions, and discusses the functions of prison. Also, it underlines the mechanisms which produce deculturation and enculturarion in prison and analyses the two predominant models which explain inmate subculture - the deprivation and importation models. The article ends with a short discussion on the adverse positioning between prisonization and inmate resocialization, and formulates a series of hypothesis for the further study of the prisonization impact on the inmate resocialization process