Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology Review)
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Religiozitate populară și solidaritate rituală în spațiul rural românesc: Folk Religiosity and Ritual Solidarity in Romanian Rural Space
No full textThis paper explores the concept of folk religiosity within rural space in Romania, taking into account the secularization theories and the contemporary shape of ritual practices in small traditional communities. The reference to some quantifying sociological results destined to measure the religiosity of Romanians reveles the necessity to determine the special situation of folk ceremonies in the synthetical approach of sociologists of religion. With the help of ethnographic data provided by our recent field research, we try to elucidate the social functions of religious communal rituals in their traditional settings. A typology of social motivation of these unsysthematic rituals affected of lack of „religiously correctness” is drawn from the original confessional motivation, to the contemporary ones, such as the hedonistic and social solidarity motivation of the calendaric and parish level ceremonies. The ethnological background offers a qualitative, applied and neo-durkheimian alternative of the general sociology of religion in its rural case studies. Not following accurately the Western paradigma of secularization, rural realities in Romanian still traditional society are related to environmental and economic challenges, one of the widespread reason for appealling the supernatural forces, such as we investigate in a Moldavian rural community, with conservative lifestyle. In a structured comparison with that one, a village near the Danube river, in southwestern Oltenia proves that ritual life is maintained by young generations, even though the performers generally ignore the belief system and the religious imagery that generated the ritual action. The paper proposes an interdisciplinary view on a specific aspect of rural life, envisaged in its historical and functional features, an important item in the contemporary struggle between globalism and localism. More related to the „belonging without believing” model of approaching religiosity, the Romanian rural community tends to much less a community of faith and more a community of practice or ritual.
 
Sociologie cogitans şi sociologie militans. Aportul sociologiei gustiene la modernizarea României interbelice: Cogitans Sociology and Militans Sociology. The Contribution of Gustian Sociology to the Modernization of Interwar Romania
No full textIn the interwar period, Dimitrie Gusti, the founder of The Sociological School of Bucharest, along with other remarkable Romanian intelectuals, came to the conclusion that Romania’s social, economic, spiritual and political development was to be substantially influenced by the way peasantry’s problem was to be taken care of. In thinking so, Gusti has initiated the monographic campaigns which were to examine the Romanian village’s specific problems from a scientific point of view. Based on Gusti’s sociological system, the monographic teams revealed a traditional life shaped by a philosophy that had been the guiding thread of a millenary culture and civilization, namely the peasant one. Gusti put his indelible mark, i.e. sociologia militans and sociologia cogitans, on the reformation project of interwar Romania. This article discusses the meaning of sociologia cogitans and sociologia militans. It also presents some difficulties that Gusti’s sociologia militans had to overcome by highlighting the pre-modern social background of interwar Romania. Dimitrie Gusti was one of the most important experts involved in the interwar nation-building process. By presenting his educational background and the way he was influenced by the most prominent trends in the Romanian modern culture, the article highlights the modernization vision employed by Dimitrie Gusti throughout his career
Contextul politic şi cultural al înfiinţării Muzeului Satului: The Political and Cultural Context of Foundation of the Village Museum
No full textIn this study I show the political and cultural context of the Village Museum’s establishment, and I will not tackle the – so often discussed throughout the decades – scientific reasons of this institution’s foundation. Dimitrie Gusti and his sociological monographic team emphasized, as early as 1928, since the monographic campaign undertaken at Fundul Moldovei, the scientific and pedagogical value of exhibitions and museums. After 1934, under the aegis of the Royal Cultural Foundation „Prince Carol”, the voluntary royal student teams used to annually organize exhibitions illustrating their accomplishments and objects gathered in the field. All these activities constituted the antecedents of the Village Museum. I will stress the main contextual aspects that facilitated and legitimated the rapid establishment of the institution. I will outline the propagandistic function of the museum in the context of the interwar institutionalization of the national cultural construction of Greater Romania. I will present the meaning of the specific cultural politics (related to the museum) promoted by Carol II in the context of political contest in the 30s. I will also show the epoch’s micro-history that preceded the museum’s inauguration, illustrating it with fragments of oral history recorded in the 80s. Finally, I will explore the reasons of the ambivalent political discourse employed by the museum’s founder
Spațiul rural, între reconstrucție și dezvoltare: introducere la numărul tematic coordonat de profesorul Gheorghe Șișeștean: Rural Space, between Reconstruction and Development: Introduction to the Thematic Issue Coordinated by Professor Gheorghe Şişeştean
No full textRomanian rural space, preserved in an altered state after five decades of communism, and ongoing a continuous transformation, has the exceptional elements of continuity and specificity to justify the focus of study of the specialists from Romania and from abroad. This is also proved by this collection of text edited by the professor Gheorghe Sisestean, who tragically left us in October 2012. Having received a doctorate at Sorbonne in the nineties, and appointed as professor of Sociology at the University of Oradea, Romania, Gheorghe Sisestean was dedicated to the research on rural identity and fully integrated with the stream of Romanian and international research in the field. A part of his work concerned the identities of Romanians abroad, as his very recent book „Romanian who faded” shows. Another part is linked with the structure and transformations of Romanian rural areas. He was a uniquely original voice among the researchers of Romanian peasantry, speaking passionately against the thesis of the end of this social class
Un alt mod de a interpreta datele de evaluare: A Different Way to Interpret Evaluation Data
No full textThis study starts by questioning the relevance and comparativity of the evaluation data in absence of a universal standard of reference. By analyzing a database with 1.000 indicators collected using the scale 1-5 (within large from 8 countries: USA, Romania, West Germany, Ireland, Bulgaria, Hungary, UK, Netherlands) I suggested a new perspective: evaluation of the data obtained by questionnaires to be considered with reference to the global perspective of the dynamics of the system which is being measured. It is necessary to consider not only each evaluated aspect but also the global context of the system of which it is part. From this perspective, the questionnaire data may show a new facet: they are important indicators of the state of social systems. The SEDA scheme of evaluation (Zamfir, 1980b) provides a way to compensate for the lack of comparative data in the evaluation process. By systematic approach, we can report a particular indicator to all other indicators measured in other systems.
 
Claudia Oșvat, Aspecte privind calitatea vieții în familiile copiilor cu dizabilități, Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj-Napoca, 2012: Claudia Oșvat, Aspects Concerning Quality of Life in Families or Disabled Children, Cluj University Press, Cluj-Napoca, 2012, 209 p.
No full textJeffrey K. Olick, Vered Vinitzky Seroussi, Daniel Levy (Eds.), The Collective Memory Reader, New York, Oxford University Press, 2011, 528 p.
Get PDFThe Avatars of Green Consumption in Romania and Belarus: Risk Avoidance or Lifestyle Choice?
Get PDFThe paper aims to describe the results of a research project on green consumption conducted in Bucharest, Romania, and Minsk, Belarus, in 2010 and 2011. A total of 30 structured interviews were carried out in the two cities. Using the theoretical framework of Beck’s risk society concept and Inglehart’s theory on the cultural value shift in advanced societies, the authors found that, regardless of their important political and economic differences, some of the individuals in the two Eastern European cities tend to display a level of risk awareness and risk avoidance behavior similar to the risk society pattern. Rather than being the effect of a post-materialist value orientation associated with material wealth, the observed regional model of green consumption suggests a form of precautionary consumption that appears to be more than a passing fad. This finding has to be further researched in other countries of Eastern Europe before any broader conclusions about risk society-related behavior can be formulated
Dimitrie Gusti în gândirea social-politică românească: Dimitrie Gusti in Romanian Socio-Political Thinking
No full textEuropean Sociology Today
Get PDFAlthough it is true that sociology was born in Nineteenth-century France – at least as far as the name is concerned – with Auguste Comte, it is equally true that the years between the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries were decisive in establishing it as a university-level discipline, despite the resistance of a number of antisociological philosophical and historical currents and positions ideologically opposed against anything addressing social matters. It must be noted with equal emphasis that the French contribution alone would not suffice to explain what occurred afterwards, especially in Germany and the rest of Europe, Spain and Portugal, Italy and Switzerland, just to name the territories closest to and bordering, more or less, on France itself. Several histories of sociology have already outlined the dynamics of the contributions made by countries other than France during the early stages of the discipline. But the contextual references are generally of a national nature. It would be well worthwhile, therefore, to promote a European-wide analysis of the issue: a dedicated research project might constitute a starting point for further initiatives aimed at consolidating, for example, the network set up in 2003 in Lisbon by Portugal, Spain, France and Italy (and joined at a later stage by Greece), and formalized in 2007 as RESU, that is, the Réseau des Associations de Sociologie de l’Europe et des Pays du Sud [Network of the Sociological Associations of Europe and Southern Countries]. The same can be said for the Balkan Forum founded in 2011 in Tirana, with participation of Albania and Bulgaria